UNCTAD
Enterprise Development Branch
Mission Statement
• To assist enterprises to realize their
trade and investment opportunities.
2
How the Mission is
accomplished….
• By building institutional capacity at
the country level so that developing
countries can assist their enterprises to
survive and compete in the global
economy.
3
Activities
• Engages in research on best practices
• Promotes inter-governmental consensus on
policies and programmes
• Assures policy coherence at the national and
international levels
• Undertakes technical cooperation activities
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Organigram of the Branch
Enterprise
Development
Enterprise
Policies
National
Strategies
Policy
coherence
Enterprise
Capacity Building
EMPRETEC
Special
Projects
Financial Services
& Governance
Accounting /
Reporting
Corporate
Governance
Enterprise Policies - National strategies
• Identification of effective private sector development strategies
– Public-private sector dialogue : building
awareness/commitment/partnership.
• Business development services
– One stop shop (EMPRETEC)
– Networking / South-South cooperation
– Disadvantaged entrepreneurs : Women, Rural
• Financing SMEs
– Obstacles to commercial bank lending
– Implementing Monterrey Consensus
– Combining business & financial services
• Technology transfer for SMEs
– Financing technology
– Acquiring technology via interfirm cooperation
• Business linkages
• Clustering
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Enterprise Policies - Policy coherence
• Interface between national strategies
and WTO, IMF, BIS requirements
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EMPRETEC
• Purpose : Contribute to the development of a
dynamic private sector
• 5 Stages: Formal request, Consensus with the
Government, Initial implementation of ENC,
Final implementation of ENC, Project MaturityENC
• Map of countries where EMPRETEC installed
• Products & Services
• South-South Cooperation
• Impacts
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EMPRETEC Installation phases
• Phase I
Formal request for an Empretec project and
initial discussions;
•
Phase II
•
Phase III
•
Phase IV
•
Phase V
Programming mission, assessment of national
SME sector, consensus with Government,
identification of counterpart, drafting of project
document;
Recruitment of staff, including the director,
establishment of Advisory Board, initial core
activities;
Operationalization of full project, putting in
place basic training and services, certification
of local trainers, setting up a national
association of participants;
Maturity of project, offering customized training
and other services, progress toward financial selfsustainability, establishing of legal entity (e.g.
foundation, association).
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Operational Empretec Centers
EMPRETEC
Products & Services
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Entrepreneurship Training Workshop (ETW)
Intrapreneurship
Agrotech
Iniciativa
PROEX
Financial services
Business linkages
Women entrepreneurs
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South-South cooperation
• Brazil  Angola, Guyana, Jordan, Mozambique, Romania,
Palestinian Territory (core activities)
• Chile  Argentina (Business Plan training)
• Colombia  Argentina, Chile, Venezuela (Agrotech)
• Ethiopia & Zimbabwe  Uganda (core activities)
• Ghana  Enterprise Africa (core activities)
• Ghana  Ethiopia, Guyana (ETW)
• Uruguay  El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama (core activities)
• Uruguay  Argentina, Panama (PROEX)
• Uruguay  El Salvador, Ethiopia, Morocco,Zimbabwe (Iniciativa)
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Empretec impact via MED2000
Country
Programme No.of No.of
start year
ETWs Participants
Ethiopia
1999
20
477
Jordan
2001
2
40
Morocco
1998
10
150
Palestinian
Territory
Uganda
2001
1
29
1999
8
212
13
EMPRETEC in Latin America
(cumulative figures until Feb 2003)
Country
Year
Phase
ETW
Participants
Trainers
Argentina
1989
V
49
1,057
6
Brazil
1992
V
2,244
56,380
200
Chile
1990
V
63
1,560
3
Colombia
1996
V
25
730
3
El Salvador
2000
IV
38
855
4
Guatemala
2001
III
7
156
3
Panama
2000
IV
21
459
11
Uruguay
1989
V
73
1,603
9
Venezuela
1993
V
37
960
5
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EMPRETEC in Africa
(cumulative figures until Feb 2003)
Country
Year
Phase
ETW Participants
Ethiopia
1999
V
20
477
15
Ghana
1990
V
44
938
10
Morocco
1998
IV
10
150
5
Mozambique 2000
IV
11
225
4
Senegal
2001
III
2
60
2
Uganda
1999
IV
8
212
15
Zimbabwe
1992
V
68
1477
24
15
Trainers
EMPRETEC in other parts of the world
(cumulative figures until Feb 2003)
Country
Year
Phase
ETW
Jordan
2001
III
2
40
4
Palestinian
Territory
2001
III
1
29
4
Romania
2002
IV
4
120
6
16
Participants Trainers
Special Projects
• Business linkages
• Women entrepreneurs
• Corporate social responsibility
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Financial Services & Governance
• ECOSOC mandate
• Bangkok mandate
• ISAR (members)
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ECOSOC mandate
• Concerned about the lack of adequate disclosure, reliability
and comparability of financial reports by TNCs:
– July 1972, convoked a “group of high-ranking independent
experts” or the group of “Eminent Persons”
• In July 1975 the Group of Experts on International Standards
of Accounting and Reporting (GEISAR) was established
• Based on the Recommendations of the predecessor ad hoc
expert group, ECOSOC, established the Intergovernmental
Working Group of Experts on International Standards of
Accounting and Reporting (ISAR) as a standing expert group.
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ISAR mandate
make a positive contribution to standard-setting at the
national and regional level

take appropriate action to ensure the comparability of
disclosure by transnational corporations
• serve as an international body for the consideration of
issues of accounting and reporting
• review developments in the field of international
accounting and reporting; including the work of
standard-setting bodies
• concentrate on establishing priorities (of work) taking
into account the needs of home and host countries,
particularly those of developing countries.

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Bangkok mandate
• As per Bangkok Plan of Action (2000) paragraph
122,
– UNCTAD should promote increased transparency
and financial disclosure by encouraging the use of
internationally recognized accounting, reporting
and auditing standards and improved corporate
governance. UNCTAD should develop
appropriate technical cooperation programmes in
this field.
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ISAR membership
Region
No. Of seats
Vacancies
Africa
9
1
Asia
7
1
Latin America and
Caribbean
6
4
Eastern Europe
3
1
Western Europe and other
regions
9
6
Total
34
13
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Main areas of work of ISAR
•
•
•
•
Transparency/accountability/comparability
Accounting by SMEs
Corporate governance / Disclosures
Corporate social responsibility
 Environmental accounting & reporting
 Social accounting & reporting
• Capacity building
 Guidelines on professional qualifications
 Role and responsibility of auditors
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