TITLE 2300 - RECREATION MANAGEMENT
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CHAPTER 2360 - SPECIAL INTEREST AREAS
2361 - CULTURAL RESOURCES
2361.21 - Management. Cultural resource management plans shall be prepared for historic properties of substantial value and also historic properties under Granger-Thye permit. Value as used here means historic value. Where appropriate, the cultural resource management plan may be a part of another management plan.
Such management plans fulfill several important purposes. The first is to state how the property will be used; the second guides program planning and budgeting for operation, maintenance, and betterment. The plans also provide vehicles to facilitate legal compliance with the National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, implemented through 36 CFR 800.
In this context, management plans for historic properties are essentially operation and maintenance plans. Reference FSH 7309.11 Chapter 43.4 (Historic Buildings and Facilities).
As such, they should be prescriptive in nature. Where appropriate, specific direction for treatment of the immediate environment (landscape, sidewalks, etc.) should be included.
An important element of any management plan is the determination of management objectives for the property. Management objectives for a single building may depend on a variety of factors including use, occupancy, other resource management concerns, and public need. The
Forest Engineer and RO Engineering shall be involved in writing the architectural component of the discussion and in making recommendations for documents prepared as part of the 106 compliance process on undertakings which involve any construction, reconstruction, remodeling or similar work on buildings, structures or related facilities. Objectives for properties classified as sites (with multiple components) or as historic districts may be similarly dependent and, therefore, may be comprehensive or may vary among components. The substance of the plan prescribes the treatments necessary to meet the objectives. Alternative treatments include protection, stabilization, preservation, rehabilitation, and restoration. The treatment, or combination of treatments selected, depends upon the management objectives for the property.
The plan may describe a phased program with items of work to be accomplished according to priority. Ordinary priority should be given weather-tightness, structural stability, and material soundness.
The appropriate basis for management plans for historic properties is found in the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Historic Preservation Projects, 36 CFR 68. Additional guidance, for standards of maintenance, is found in FSM 2363.22a.
A management plan may contain the items as shown in Exhibit 1.

TITLE 2300 - RECREATION MANAGEMENT
EXHIBIT 1
1. Introduction a. Identification of historic property--its significant values. b. Statement of purposes.
(1) Provide for continuous use of property for commercial purposes.
(2) Protection of historical/architectural values.
(3) Interpretation or public benefit.
(4) Program planning and budgeting guide.
2. Management Direction a. Statement of management objective(s) for the property.
(1) Type of use of the property for the foreseeable future.
(2) Occupancy (by whom).
(3) Operation and maintenance--whose responsibility, interpretation?
(4) Specific direction both short- and long-term (preservation of existing appearance; restoration--full or partial; retention; rehabilitation for adaptive use under special-use permit).
(5) Specific direction regarding handicap access and special fire exits or both as appropriate-practical and compatible locations.
3. Site/Building Inventory a. Identify significant features and spaces to be retained, maintained; exterior/interior, as appropriate. b. Prescribe interim measures and long-term treatment for each site component/building element or feature; specify routine maintenance, periodic repair, or replacement.
4. Immediate Environment a. Identify landscape maintenance, vegetative management, and visual quality needs (as appropriate).
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TITLE 2300 - RECREATION MANAGEMENT b. Prescribe measures according to standards and guidelines for treatment(s) selected for historic property.
5. Public Interpretation/Enhancement a. Opportunities and priorities for interpretation compatible with use of property.
6. Maintenance Schedule a. Item or categories of work (identify if no effect or no adverse effect). b. Priority for accomplishment. c. Estimated cost.
This plan must have the Forest Supervisor's approval and the concurrence of the State Historic
Preservation Officer. Appendix to plan can contain applicable direction such as Secretary's
Standards, HABS, etc.
_________________________________________________________________________
Form R1-FS-2300-8, Prediction of Cultural Resource Work, records the expected number of certain defined cultural resource projects for the next fiscal yer. It is to be completed by the
Forest Archaeologist at the same time that Form FS-2300-8, Cultural Resource Management
Accomplishment Report, is completed. Exhibit 2 shows the form, R1-FS-2300-8, for Region 1 use.
Exhibit 2
_________________________________________________________________________
PREDICTION OF CULTURAL RESOURCE WORK
(Supplement to
Cultural Resource Management Accomplishment Report
Reference FSM 2360, Report FS-2300-M)
No. Expected
For Year
Category __( )__
02 Inventory (acres)
03Evaluations, Assessments, Nominations to
National Register (properties)
04,327 & 328 Enhancement and Protection
(properties)
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04,329 Mitigation (properties)
_________________________________________________________________________
R1-FS-2300-8 (10/85)
2361.22 - Inventory
The recent increase in minerals development on National Forest System lands in Region 1 has raised the issue of the appropriate procedures for inventory of cultural resources during extended periods of snow cover, a condition that makes minerals exploration and development undesirable or realistically impossible because requisite resource inventories necessitating visual inspection of the ground surface cannot be conducted.
During the past and current winter on Federally administered lands in the Western United States, including Northern Region National Forest System lands, companies operating under permit have, with agency approval, used various means of snow removal (e.g., snowplowing, high pressure-hot water washing) to facilitate cultural resource inventories that had not been completed prior to winter onset. However, cultural resources are of such fragile nature that any activity has a high potential for damaging them; snow removal by any of the means now being used has been documented to have impact to cultural resources that may be greater than the exploration and development activity itself. Additionally, the essential nature of cultural resource inventory and site evaluation requires an examination of all elements of site environment that were instrumental in determining the nature and existence of that site. The data necessary for such evaluations are frequently distributed over an area significantly larger than the immediate site locus. A survey unit normally sufficient for these essential observations to be made, and which also is a practical unit from the perspective of legal descriptions, is 40 acres. In a similar vein, construction of access roads and other support facilities would require examination of areas greater than the immediate construction zone. Snow removal in a manner not potentially impactive of cultural and other surface resources over such areas is not currently feasible.
Therefore, the following direction is established to deal with cultural resource inventories at drill site locations and other activities associated with oil and gas exploration and development or utilization:
1. A minimum parcel of 40 acres centered on the proposed well location shall be examined to comply with cultural resource inventory requirements. In the event an alternate well site is chosen within the examined 40 acres, no additional cultural resource inventory would be necessary; but, if an alternate well site is selected outside the examined 40-acre plot, it is to be dealt with as a new project.
2. Lineal construction (e.g., access roads, pipelines) associated with oil and gas wells requires examination of the entire right-of-way. For pipelines, the minimum right-of-way examination is 25 feet to either side of the centerline. For access roads, the minimum right-of-way examination is 50 feet to either side of the centerline. As a practical matter,
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TITLE 2300 - RECREATION MANAGEMENT right-of-way examinations of temporary "scratch" roads will assume the possibility of permanent construction, and examination of a right-of-way 50 feet to either side of the centerline will be conducted accordingly.
In some areas along lineal construction, extensive cut-and-fill operations will require inventory of a larger right-of-way than the minimums listed here. These areas should be staked in advance of the cultural resource inventory so the entire area to be disturbed can be examined.
3. Cultural resource inventories and evaluations are to be conducted when the ground surface is snow free. This will normally preclude operations during the winter season.
However, valid exceptions to this policy are to be considered on a case-by-case basis. The validity of these exceptions presupposes the operator preplanning of inventory scheduling was impossible prior to snowfall, and that accommodating measures for cultural resources management are possible.
4. In order to protect cultural resources, snowplowing operations for winter seismic activity should not disturb the ground surface. As a minimum, the plow blade must be held 4 inches above the ground surface by the use of mounted skids. Cultural resource clearance for snowplowing operations that disturb the ground surface can only be obtained if a cultural resource inventory of the plow zone was conducted when the ground was snow free.
2361.42 - Paraprofessionals
1. Definition. A paraprofessional cultural resource specialist is an individual who has satisfactorily completed specialized training in cultural resource management. The Forest
Cultural Resource (CR) Specialist must ultimately be responsible for the paraprofessional's work. Each report prepared by the paraprofessional must be reviewed by the Forest CR
Specialist and its accuracy certified before it is approved by the appropriate line officer.
A paraprofessional is not authorized to make evaluations of significance and effect. However, the paraprofessional may provide information to assist the Forest CR Specialist in making evaluations, completing site forms and inventory reports, and may complete the site form and inventory report, if the CR Specialist field checks it before transmittal to the State Historic
Preservation Officer (SHPO).
The paraprofessional program in this Region consists of two levels of training, experience, and job function. The first level (qualified) allows the individual to perform certain jobs while working toward the fully functional level. The second level (certified) is the full working level as described below.
2. Level 1 - Qualified paraprofessionals may be considered qualified upon successful completion of all phases of a formal cultural resource management training course. a. A qualified paraprofessional may conduct CR inventories and background research under the direct supervision of the professional CR Specialist. A qualified
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TITLE 2300 - RECREATION MANAGEMENT paraprofessional is under direct supervision when a professional accompanies that individual in conducting inventories. b. If all phases of those training requirements are not completed within 2 years after the classroom training, formal training will begin anew.
3. Level 2 Certified paraprofessionals may be considered certified upon successful completion of formal cultural resource management training and have demonstrated the ability to work independently. The Forest CR Specialist will make that determination. a. A certified paraprofessional may conduct CR inventories and background research under the indirect supervision of the CR Specialist. A certified paraprofessional is under indirect supervision when the professional delegates the paraprofessional to conduct inventories independently. In these cases, the CR Specialist will design the inventory field strategy. b. A currently certified paraprofessional's role will be determined by the CR
Specialist according to the paraprofessional's training and experience and as demonstrated by his abilities.
4. Retention of Qualification. To retain qualification, an individual must stay current with developments in the cultural resource management field and have demonstrated the ability to apply this knowledge by completing a minimum of one acceptable survey project every 2 years following training. In addition, every 2 years there shall be a refresher training of the topics taught in the initial training. Among other approaches, the refresher may be accomplished by including paraprofessionals in special projects such as site stabilization, testing, excavation, laboratory analysis, or a tour of university archaeological laboratory facilities.
5. Training. The individual selected for training should have an interest in archaeology and history. Formal training consists of 40 hours of classroom training, coordinated by the
Regional Office, and a minimum of 40 hours of field training, coordinated by the Forest Unit.
After formal training, the paraprofessional will participate in field inventory for a period of time under the direct field supervision of the CR Specialist. Field training will continue until the CR
Specialist is confident of the paraprofessional's ability to conduct inventories without direct supervision. a. Methods and Techniques of Field Survey. This element constitutes the major portion of the training and consists of supervised field exercises. Inventories conducted during field training should include a survey of undertakings of representative functions (e.g., timber, mineral, range, lands, recreation); the mix to depend upon the most common types of undertakings on any particular Forest. The inventory projects should also include inventorying and recording of at least one historic and one prehistoric site. Forests are encouraged to include experience in testing, excavation, and site stabilization during this period.
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TITLE 2300 - RECREATION MANAGEMENT b. Preparing Necessary Cultural Resource Documents and Reports. The field training shall include but not be limited to practice in locating at least one site, completing an adequate site form and writing an adequate CR report as determined by the CR Specialist. c. Examination. The examination may be in written form, practical field exercises, or both. The results shall provide adequate information to objectively measure the trainee's performance. Forests are encouraged to establish a "test locality" to be used as the focus of the field problem which will be a part of the qualification examination.
6. Operation. All undertakings (as defined in 36 CFR 800) will be reviewed by the CR
Specialist. After review, the CR Specialist will determine the appropriate role for the paraprofessional in each undertaking. a. Supervision. During the first year after certification the CR Specialist will field check at least 25 percent of the certified paraprofessional's work for quality control purposes. This can be subsequently reduced in the following years based upon the CR
Specialist's judgement. b. Documentation of Certification. Upon certification, the CR Specialist will provide written documentation of the paraprofessional's cultural resource background, training, and experience to the Regional Office. c. District Coordination. The CR Specialist will coordinate with the appropriate line officer to insure that paraprofessionals are released from other duties while performing cultural resource inventories, writing reports, keeping map records, site files, etc. In addition, the CR Specialist will coordinate with the paraprofessional's supervisor to add the paraprofessional's duties to the individual's job description performance standards for his work.
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