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FOREST SERVICE HANDBOOK
DENVER, CO
FSH 7709.58 - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE HANDBOOK
Region 2 Supplement No. 90-1
Effective April, 1990
POSTING NOTICE. Supplements to this title are numbered consecutively. Check
the last transmittal received for this title to see that the above supplement number
is in sequence. If not, order intervening supplements at once on form 1100-6. Do
not post this supplement until the missing one(s) is received and posted. After
posting retain this transmittal until the next supplement to this title is received.
Place it at the front of the title.
Page Code
12 - 12.9
Superseded New
(Number of Sheets)
0
60
Digest:
12 - Provides guidelines and sample formats for the Forests to use in the
development of a complete Maintenance Management System and incorporates
applicable portions of FSH 7709.15 2/81 R-2 Supplement No. 1.
GARY E. CARGILL
Regional Forester
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7709.15 - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE HANDBOOK
R2 4/90 SUPP NO. 90-1
CHAPTER 10 - MAINTENANCE OF FOREST DEVELOPMENT ROADS
12 - MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. A maintenance management
system provides the framework to:
1. Set specific maintenance goals and standards for levels of service.
2. Develop the necessary maintenance programs which will provide those levels
of service.
3. Execute those programs using the most efficient combination of resources.
4. Control and evaluate the effectiveness of the work in relation to the desired
level of service.
5. Furnish cost data from which budgets can be built.
12.1 - Scope. The first step in implementing a Maintenance Management System is
to determine its scope. Identify roads to include in the system and the sources of
information needed to implement the system. All Forest Development Roads shall
be a part of the system. This includes:
1. All roads the Forest Service owns or has acquired easements.
2. Roads covered by a formal agreement with a county or local government.
12.2 - Information Requirements. Some valuable sources of information are the
Forest Development Transportation Plan, Forest Transportation Information
System (TIS) and Road Logs, as described in this section, and Condition Surveys
and Prescriptions, as described in Section 12.5 of FSH 7709.58.
1. Forest Development Transportation Plan. This includes a base map
showing each facility and an inventory record defining its characteristics (FSM
7711, FSH 7709.55, Chapter 40).
2. Forest Transportation Information System. This computerized inventory
of roads should be reviewed and updated annually. (FSM 7711 and FSH 7709.55,
Section 43).
3. Road Logs. Logs provide an inventory of the physical features on or
adjacent to the road, located in miles or increments from the beginning of the road.
The log should be updated when inventoried features are modified, replaced,
removed or when other features are added.
The completion of road logs is an optional task; however, the Forests are encouraged
to prepare and use road logs. The logs are useful in the development of the road
maintenance budget and in determining the total dollar amount needed to fully
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maintain the road system. By comparing the needed funds to available funds,
Forests can determine the amount of work that must be deferred.
Logs are also useful to Forests which perform maintenance work by contract. If
kept current, logs may be used in preparing estimates for contract work, and in
showing the location of structures and other features which require maintenance.
Road logs may be completed in conjunction with condition surveys and by obtaining
help from Districts, hired summer help or volunteers.
Information gathered for the logs may be directly entered on a Road Log or the
pertinent information may be entered into a tape recorder as the road is driven and
later typed and filed on a Road Log. A Road Log format is presented in Exhibit 1 for
optional use.
12.3 - Maintenance Levels.
1. Factors. Forests should give a high priority to traffic surveillance where
traffic volumes are significant, such as on arterial and collector roads. Traffic
surveillance records are useful in determining road maintenance levels and user
maintenance responsibilities. Forests should collect and record traffic volume and
vehicle class data. Surveillance data collection should proceed on a continuing basis
to provide needed information for planning, developing, monitoring, and confirming
maintenance levels and verifying commensurate share responsibilities (Section 13.4
of FSH 7709.58). Once maintenance levels are established, they should be reviewed
and updated annually with changes to TIS.
12.4 - Maintenance Activities and Maintenance Standards.
12.41 - Maintenance Activities.
The Mandatory Maintenance Activities which follow describe broad activity
categories. All work associated with a particular maintenance level is included in
the appropriate broad activity category. For example, all work performed on a
maintenance level 2 road which is "to standard" upon completion of the
maintenance work would be reported under the maintenance activity, "Level 2
Maintenance to Standard". Refer to section 12.84, Monitoring and Evaluation, for
reporting maintenance activity accomplishments.
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Mandatory Maintenance Activities
Activity Code
0001
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
0010
0011
0012
Activity Name
Level 1 Maintenance to Standard - all inclusive
Level 2 Maintenance to Standard - all inclusive
Level 3 Maintenance to Standard - all inclusive
Level 4 Maintenance to Standard - all inclusive
Level 5 Maintenance to Standard - all inclusive
Level 1 Maintenance Not to Standard - all inclusive
Level 2 Maintenance Not to Standard - all inclusive
Level 3 Maintenance Not to Standard - all inclusive
Level 4 Maintenance Not to Standard - all inclusive
Level 5 Maintenance Not to Standard - all inclusive
Maintenance Management
Maintenance Support
Unit of Measure
Mile
Mile
Mile
Mile
Mile
Mile
Mile
Mile
Mile
Mile
L.S.
L.S.
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SEE THE PAPER COPY OF THE MASTER SET
FOR SECTION 12.41 - EXHIBIT 01.
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In addition to this general maintenance level cost tracking, Forests may track any
additional "optional activities," if needed, to aid in the preparation of contract
estimates or to compare force account to contract costs for certain activities. Track
maintenance by the following mandatory activities and use the optional list as a
more detailed method of tracking a few select activities:
Optional Activities
Activity Code
Activity Name
1101
Blading Nonsurfaced Roads
1103
Dust Abatement, Nonsurfaced Roads
1105
Spot Surface Repair, Nonsurfaced Roads
1107
Surface Restoration, Nonsurfaced Roads
1108
Slide Removal, Nonsurfaced Roads
1109
Blading Aggregate Surfaced Roads
1111
Dust Abatement, Aggregate Surfaced Roads
1113
Spot Surface Repair,Aggregate Surfaced Roads
1114
Surface Replacement,Aggregate Surfaced Roads
1116
Slide Removal, Aggregate Surfaced Roads
1117
Spot Premix Patching, Paved Surfaces
1118
Seal Cracks, Paved Surfaces
1119
Chip Seals, Paved Surfaces
1120
Surface Overlay, Paved Surfaces
1124
Fog Seal, Paved Surfaces
2203
Grade or Reshape, Aggregate Shoulders
2204
Bring Aggregate Shoulders Up to Grade
3301
Clean and Reshape Ditches
3304
Machine Cleaning of Culverts
3305
Hand Cleaning of Culverts
3308
Culvert Replacement
4403
Brush Cutting, Hand
4405
Brush Disposal, Chipping
4406
Brush Disposal, Burning
4407
Apply Seed, Fertilizer, Mulch (Wood Fiber)
4409
Apply Seed and/or Fertilizer (Machine)
4410
Apply Seed and/or Fertilizer By Hand
4411
Place Erosion Control Structures and Mats
4412
Slide and Slump Repair of Fill Slopes
4414
Remove Hazard Rock & Debris From Back Slope
6601
Minor Bridge Repair
6603
Removing Debris From Stream Channels
6609
Repair of Cattleguards
6612
Repair or Replace Gates
6613
Installation of Gates
7701
Repair, Cleaning, &/or Replacement of Signs
7703
Repair, Cleaning, &/or Replacement of Hazard
Markers & Delineators
8802
Hauling Rock to Stockpile
8805
Hauling of Premix to Stockpile
Unit of Measure
Lane Miles
Lane Miles
Lane Miles
Lane Miles
Cubic Yards
Lane Miles
Lane Miles
Cubic Yards
Ton
Cubic Yards
Tons
Gallons
Lane Miles
Tons
Tons
Shoulder Mi.
Tons
Ditch Mile
No. Culverts
No. Culverts
No. Culverts
Mi. Brushed
Mile
Mile
Acres
Acres
Acres
Sq. Yds.
Cu. Yds.
100 Lin. Ft.
Man-Days
Man-Hours
Each
Man-Hours
Each
Each
Each
Cu. Yds.
Tons
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12.42 - Maintenance Standards. The Maintenance Standards for the Mandatory
Maintenance Activities in Section 12.41 are:
1. For "Level 1 Maintenance to Standard" through "Level 5 Maintenance to
Standard", the Maintenance Standard is met when all the work activities for the
particular maintenance level are completed, as described in FSH 7709.58, section
12.6. The Maintenance Standard is the acceptable physical standard, or the
acceptable end product, for each maintenance level. If the end product meets the
maintenance level requirements, the road will be reported "to standard."
2. For "Level 1 Maintenance Not to Standard" through "Level 5 Maintenance
Not to Standard", Maintenance Standards do not apply. If a road does not meet the
"to standard" category, it will fall into the "not to standard" category.
Refer to exhibits 2-1 to 2-40 for the Maintenance Standards for these Optional
Maintenance Activities. Forests may revise the standards as necessary to meet
local conditions.
12.5 - Condition Surveys: Condition surveys should be performed on roads on which
maintenance needs are anticipated. This may include roads in areas that
historically have high road maintenance needs due to bad soils, drainage problems,
etc. Also, special emphasis should be given to arterial and collector, level 3, 4, and 5
roads on which problems are anticipated.
The following sources and documents may be used to determine and document the
condition of roads:
Source of Information
Documentation
Field Personnel
Maintenance Needed Report (ex. 03)
Public (phone calls, personal contact) Maintenance Needed Report
Road Maintenance Personnel
Accident and Incident Reports
Road Condition Survey (ex. 04)
Accident Reports
The Maintenance Needed Report may be filled out by other field personnel as spot
maintenance needs are determined, or it may be filled out by the road foremen as
calls are received from the public relating maintenance needs.
The road condition survey is a more complete document which details the condition
of an entire road and it may include an explanation of the work required to bring
the road to standard.
A condition survey format is shown in Exhibit 4 for optional use.
12.6 - Maintenance Prescription: As part of the condition survey or as a separate
document, a "prescription" is written to show the work that is required to bring the
road to standard and the associated cost. The maintenance needs identified in the
prescription should be prioritized and used in the development of the annual
maintenance plan.
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A prescription format is shown in conjunction with the condition survey format in
exhibit 04.
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MAINTENANCE STANDARD
SAFETY SIGNING
ACTIVITY NO. All
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
| Follow safe practices and maintain construction and maintenance signing while|
| performing road maintenance activities to provide for the individual's and |
| the public's safety.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| All Operations
| All Operations |
|
| deferred and recurrent|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 2 Signs 36" x 36" - Road Work Ahead
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 2 Signs 36" x 36" - Road Construction Ahead |
|
| 2 Signs 36" x 36" - Heavy Truck Traffic |
N/A
|
| 2 Signs 48" x 48" - Blasting Zone 1000 Feet |
|
| 2 Signs 42" x 36" - End Blasting Zone
|
|
| Cones and Barricades
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Follow safety procedures as described in the Health and Safety Code
|
| Handbook and ensure job hazard analyses are prepared for each project. |
|
|
| 2. Use signs that are suitable for the work being performed and which are |
| in accordance with Forest Service Sign Handbook and MUTCD guidelines. |
| Construction and maintenance signs must be displayed when working within |
| the road right-of-way.
|
|
|
| 3. Display all work signs a minimum of 500' to a maximum of 1500' before |
| the entrance to the work zone.
|
|
|
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| 4. Use flag person or pilot car to control traffic when necessary.
|
|
|
| 5. Remove all construction and maintenance signs when they are no longer
| necessary.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-1
|
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
BLADING, NONSURFACED ROAD
ACTIV
ITY NO. 1101
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
| Restoring through grading the surface, crown, and super elevation of the |
| traveled way to original configuration to protect the road investment,
|
| minimize damage to adjacent land and resources, keep road stable, provide |
| proper drainage, and/or facilitate traffic.
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING Blading shall be performed only when the | TYPE OF
ACTIVITY
|
| roadbed can support the equipment without damage. |
|
| Preferable when roadbed is near optimum moisture con-| Recurrent
|
| tent. Level 2 - Perform when improper crown, ruts, |
|
| potholes, corrugations, sod, or vegetation begin to |
|
| concentrate water runoff and start erosion. Blade |
|
| only affected areas. Level 3 - In addition to the |
|
| requirements in Level 2, provide for moderately con- |
|
| venient travel, but surface roughness is tolerated. |
|
| Level 4 - Chuckholes, washboarding, etc., shall be |
|
| repaired as they develop. Rider comfort is to be |
|
| heavily considered.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 1 Equipment Operator
| Lane miles
|
| 1 Laborer
|
|
| Flagperson as needed
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Grader
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Pickup
| 2-4
|
| 1 Rock Rake (if necessary)
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
| 1. Place warning signs and safety devices.
|
| 2. Procedure (a). Blade material from both edges towards center of road. |
|
Avoid excessive down pressure to prevent breaking crust. However, blad- |
|
ing must be deep enough to remove potholes, etc. Move windrowed material|
|
back toward edges of road, providing proper crown (4 passes).
|
|
Procedure (b). Blade material from one edge towards center of road. |
|
Straddle windrow on second pass, and continue moving across road. Move |
|
material back across road, depositing it to form the proper crown or |
|
super elevation (4 passes).
|
|
Procedure (c). Blade material from one side of road to the other, form- |
|
ing proper crown. Dispose of excess material (2 passes).
|
| 3. Make additional passes as necessary to achieve proper crown or cross |
|
slope.
|
| 4. Remove larger loose rocks (>2", level 3; >3", level 2) which may be
|
|
hazardous. Use rock rake if rocks are numerous; otherwise, remove rocks |
|
by hand.
|
| 5. Remove signs and other safety devices.
|
EXHIBIT 2-2
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
DUST ABATEMENT, NONSURFACED ROADS
ACTIV
ITY NO. 1103
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| The abatement of dust by use of water, lignin, chlorides, or bituminous
| products to provide a safe, dust-free travelway for the user.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Schedule during dry weather.
| Recurrent/Project |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
| 1 Water truck driver
|
|
| 1 Distributor operator (if oil is used)
| Lane miles
|
| 1 Grader operator
|
|
| 1-2 Flagpersons
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Water truck
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Distributor (if oil is used)
|
|
| 1 Grader
| 6-8
|
|
|
|
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| 1 Pickup
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
| Water
|
|
| Emulsified or cutback asphalt.|
|
| Approved trade name dust oils.|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Place signs.
|
| 2. Wet roadway surface with water truck and shape with grader immediately |
|
prior to application of bituminous material.
|
| 3. Place "oil" warning signs and leave in place until there is no danger |
|
of oil pickup by traffic.
|
| 4. The quantities, rate of application, temperatures, and areas to be
|
|
treated shall be designated before application of bituminous material. |
| 5. When traffic is maintained on double-lane roads, one-way traffic will |
|
be permitted on the untreated portion of the road. When using
|
|
bituminous products, the untreated portion of the road will receive
|
|
treatment after the treated section has had sufficient time to cure. |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
EXHIBIT 2-3
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
SPOT SURFACE REPAIR, NONSURFACED ROAD
ACTIV
ITY NO. 1105
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Repair isolated surface failures caused by non-repetitive situations or
|
| events to restore riding characteristics to designated maintenance level. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Ideal when moisture content of materials is near | Recurrent
|
|
optimum.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
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| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 2 Operators
|
|
| 1-2 Truck drivers as required
| Cubic Yards
|
| 1 Swamper
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 8 Service pickups
|
|
| 1 Grader
| 75 - 100
|
| 1 Loader
|
|
| 2 Dump Trucks and 1 water truck, as required |
|
| 1 Roller/compactor
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Native select borrow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Place safety signs and review safety hazards.
|
| 2. Remove soft material with backhoe or loader and haul to designated
|
|
disposal area.
|
| 3. Replace soft material with an open grade base material or crushed rock. |
| 4. Compact repaired areas to prevent future settlement.
|
| 5. Return signs to work center.
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
EXHIBIT 2-4
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
SURFACE RESTORATION, NONSURFACED ROADS
ACTIVITY NO. 1107
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Restoration of road surface which has not been used for long periods of time; |
| which has not received adequate maintenance; or which has such features as |
| washouts, an excess of oversize material, etc., that has diminished the road's|
| usefulness.
|
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|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Perform work as soon as weather and soil conditions | Deferred/Recurrent/ |
| permit.
| Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| 2 Operators
| Lane Miles
|
| 1 Truck driver
|
|
| 1 Laborer
|
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Loader
|
|
| 1 Grader
| 2-4
|
| 1 Roller (if needed)
|
|
| 1 Dump truck
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Pit run and fill material as |
|
| needed
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Investigate road to see how much damage has occurred, and equipment and |
|
crew needed to perform repairs.
|
| 2. Place safety devices and signs.
|
| 3. Repair washouts, dips, etc., using pit run material to build up surface |
|
as needed.
|
| 4. Spread material across road surface with grader, leaving material on the |
|
traveled way.
|
| 5. Roll surface, using grid or other type of roller suitable to break down |
|
the oversize material.
|
| 6. Blade surface to shape and drain, forming a crown, unless outsloping is |
|
desirable for drainage.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-5
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
SLIDE REMOVAL (NONSURFACED ROADS)
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ACTIV
ITY NO. 1108
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
| Removal of rocks and other slide debris. Included is the loading, hauling, |
| blading, and disposal of material to designated disposal areas.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
| Perform this activity as soon as practicable after | Recurrent
|
| slide has occurred, weather and user traffic
| Maintenance
|
| permitting.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 1 Operator
| Cubic Yards
|
| 1 Truck driver
|
|
| 1 Laborer
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Front-end loader
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Dump truck
| 100 - 200
|
| 1 Pickup
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Investigate slide area to determine size of crew and equipment needs. |
|
Determine if removal of slide debris will reactivate the slide.
|
| 2. Make job hazard analysis of the work site.
|
| 3. Place safety devices and signs.
|
| 4. If material is suitable to use on travelway, spread with motor grader |
|
where needed.
|
| 5. Haul excess of unusable material to designated disposal area.
|
| 6. Excess material shall not be wasted over roadway fills.
|
| 7. Remove safety devices and signs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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EXHIBIT 2-6
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
BLADING, AGGREGATE SURFACED ROADS
ACTIV
ITY NO. 1109
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
| Blading aggregate surfaced roads is keeping the travelway in condition to |
| facilitate user traffic and provide proper drainage. It includes maintaining|
| the crown or slope of the travelway to prevent "potting out" and/or wash- |
| boarding of surface.
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
| It is desireable to schedule the activity as soon as|
|
| traffic use on the roadbed causes deterioration of | Recurrent
|
| surface smoothness approaching the lower tolerable |
|
| limit of the assigned maintenance level. Weather |
|
| conditions control the need for watering to obtain |
|
| proper moisture. Natural moisture presence should |
|
| be taken advantage of, although excess moisture is |
|
| detrimental.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 1 Equipment Operator
|
|
| 1 Laborer
|
Lane miles
|
| 1 Tanker Operator (if moisture is required) |
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Motor Grader
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Pickup
|
|
| 1 Water Tanker (if moisture is required) |
4-6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
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|
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7709.58_10
Page 17 of 65
1. Place safety devices and signs.
|
2. First pass to start at edge of shoulder, working material across travel- |
way to center.
|
3. Second pass, straddle windrow. Position blade to accept material and |
continue operation across travelway, cutting out washboards and filling |
potholes.
|
4. Continue the process in an orderly fashion with successive passes with |
the grader until the irregularities in the surface are removed and the |
crown and slope of the travelway has been reshaped for drainage.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-7
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
DUST ABATEMENT, AGGREGATE SURFACED ROADS
ACTIV
ITY NO. 1111
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| The abatement of dust by use of bituminous materials to prevent loss or road |
| fines and to provide a safe, dust-free travelway for the user.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Perform in the spring, as soon as weather permits, | Recurrent/Project
|
| when traffic load increases safety hazard, and when |
|
| loss of road fines causes dust and road deterioration|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| 1 Water truck driver
| Lane Miles
|
| 1 Distributor driver
|
|
| 1 Grader operator
|
|
| 1-2 Laborers
|
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Water truck
|
|
| 1 Distributor
| 6-8
|
| 1 Grader
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 18 of 65
| 1 Pickup
|
|
| Hand tools
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
|Emulsified or cutback asphalts.|
|
|Approved trade name dust oils. |
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Place signs.
|
| 2. Dampen the surface before blading to restore proper crown and shape, and |
| to prepare the surface for the application of bituminous material.
|
| 3. Place "oil" warning signs and leave in place until there is no danger of |
| oil pickup by traffic.
|
| 4. The quantities, rate of application, temperatures, and areas to be treated|
| must be designated prior to application of the bituminous material.
|
| 5. When traffic is maintained on double-lane roads, one-way traffic will be |
| permitted on the untreated portion of the road.
|
| 6. After the treated section of the road has had sufficient time to cure, the|
| untreated portion will be treated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-8
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
SPOT SURFACE REPAIR, AGGREGATE SURFACED ROADS
ACTIVITY NO. 1113
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
| The need for spot surface repairs for aggregate surfaced roads is caused by |
| the breakdown of surface conditions due to moisture content, failure of the |
| subgrade, heavy traffic use, poor gradation of material, or improper drainage |
| (surface or subsurface). Condition can be corrected by identifying the cause |
| and taking appropriate action.
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
|To be done when breakdown appears and weather permits.| Recurrent
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| 2 Operators
| Cubic Yards
|
| 1 Truck Driver
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 19 of 65
| 1 Laborer
|
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Motor Grader
|
|
| 1 Dump Truck
| 60-80
|
| 1 Front End Loader
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Crushed Rock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Place safety devices and signs.
|
| 2. Use motor grader to cut out bad spots.
|
| 3. Haul pit run material to use in subgrade area and compact.
|
| 4. Replace surface area.
|
| 5. Blade area with motor grader to crown and shape road surface, and to
|
insure good drainage.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-9
|
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
SURFACE REPLACEMENT, AGGREGATE SURFACED ROADS
ACTIVITY NO. 1114
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Replace aggregate to original specification and depth which was lost due to |
| normal wear.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 20 of 65
| When deterioration has progressed to the point where | Deferred
|
| the serviceability is impaired.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 2 Operators
|
|
| Truck drivers and water truck operators | Ton
|
| 2 Laborers
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| Grader
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| Loader
|
|
| Water Truck
| 200 - 400
|
| Dump trucks (Number depends on haul time) |
|
| Compaction equipment (Vibratory Roller)
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| As specified
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Stake road at even stations for edge and depth control.
|
| 2. Make a 5-station test section and determine rate of spread for trucks |
|
to get required depth without excessive spotting or overrunning.
|
| 3. Place safety devices and signs.
|
| 4. Spread required quantity for entire project and release dump trucks. |
| 5. Reblend to eliminate segregation as necessary, and complete shaping in |
|
conjunction with rolling operation.
|
| 6. Keep moisture content at optimum by watering throughout life of project. |
| 7. Perform compaction tests as specified for original aggregate surface |
|
prior to completion of each segment.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-10
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
SLIDE REMOVAL, AGGREGATE SURFACED ROADS
ACTIVITY NO. 1116
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 21 of 65
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| The removal of rocks and other slide debris. Included is the loading,
|
| hauling, blading, and placement of material to designated disposal areas. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Perform activity as soon as possible after slide | Recurrent
|
| occurs, weather and user traffic permitting.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 2 Operators
|
|
| 2 Truck drivers
| Cubic yards
|
| 2 Laborers
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Front-end loader
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 2 Dump trucks
|
|
| 1 Motor grader
| 400 - 500
|
| 1 Pickup
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
| None required, unless surfac- |
|
| ing in area has been removed |
|
| by the slide.
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Investigate slide area to determine size of crew and equipment needed. |
| 2. Make job hazard analysis of the work site.
|
| 3. Place safety devices and signs.
|
| 4. Pick up slide material with loader, being careful not to damage the road.|
| 5. Haul away slide material to designated disposal area, and place material |
|
in accordance with dispatch instructions.
|
| 6. Blade and repair road surface damage areas.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
|
|
7709.58_10
Page 22 of 65
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-11
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
SPOT PREMIX PATCHING, PAVED SURFACES
ACTIV
ITY NO. 1117
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Patching intermittent areas of bituminous roadway surfaces with hot or cold |
| premix bituminous material to correct abrupt depressions, upheavals, edge |
| failures, and other potential surface hazards.
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
| Repair hazardous surface failures as soon as practi- l
|
| cal. Unless the failure presents a dangerous condi- | Recurrent Maintenance |
| tion to the user, allow the surface area to dry be- |
|
| fore repairing failure.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| 1-2 Equipment operators
| Tons
|
| 2 Laborers
|
|
| 2 Flagpersons
|
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Dump truck
Hand tools
|
|
| 1 Crew truck
Shovel
| 4-6
|
| 1 Hot pot/trailer
Broom
|
|
| 1 Roller (as needed)
|
|
| 1 Tamper
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Premix bituminous material. |
|
| Liquid Asphalt.
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Place safety devices, signs, and/or flagpersons as required.
|
| 2. Mark off failure areas.
|
| 3. Clean out and square up failure areas, using hand tools.
|
| 4. Apply tack coat, after compaction.
|
| 5. Shovel material into failure areas. Material should be placed in layers |
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 23 of 65
| not exceeding 2 inches in depth. Each layer should be hand-tamped before |
| the next layer is placed.
|
| 6. Final layer should be flush with pavement after compaction with hand tools|
| or roller.
|
| 7. Haul old asphalt chunks to designated disposal areas.
|
| 8. Clean equipment.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-12
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
SEAL CRACKS, PAVED SURFACES
ACTIVITY NO. 1118
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Seal cracks in paved surfaces by filling with asphaltic materials to prevent |
| water seepage into asphalt pavement or subgrade.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| When needed as indicated by visual observation.
| Recurrent
|
| Perform when weather is warm and dry.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| 1-2 Laborers
| Gallons
|
| 2 Flagpersons (if needed)
|
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| Cleaning tools (i.e. brooms, air compressors) |
|
| 1 Pickup/crew truck
|
|
| 1 Pour pot
| 50 - 200
|
| Hand tools (such as squeegee when needed) |
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Asphalt crack sealer (cold |
|
| type).
|
|
| Sand.
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 24 of 65
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
|1. Make job hazard analysis of project.
|
|2. Set up traffic control devices and warning signs.
|
|3. Clean out crack with hand tools and/or air compressor.
|
|4. Fill cracks with asphalt material. If required, use squeegee to remove
| excess asphalt.
|
|5. Apply sand to fresh asphalt to prevent tracking.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-13
|
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
CHIP SEAL, PAVED SURFACES
ACTIVITY NO. 1119
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| To provide a durable wearing course on a paved surface. Chip seals may be |
| used as treatment for new pavements or to restore old surfaces that are
|
| showing signs of wear.
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Schedule initial chip seal as soon as practical | Recurrent Maintenance |
| after paving. Schedule maintenance chip seals as |
|
| needed based on the wear of the paved surface.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 3-4 Equipment operators
|
|
| 1-2 Truck drivers
| Lane miles
|
| 2-3 Laborers
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Spreader
1 Water truck
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 25 of 65
| 1 Loader
1 Crew carrier
|
|
| 1 Roller
Pilot car (Optional) |
5-8
|
| Dump truck (as needed)
|
|
| 1 Power broom
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Liquid asphalt
|
|
| Chips
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Provide traffic control plan (15 MPH through project area).
|
| 2. Clean surface with power broom and/or flush with water.
|
| 3. Spread asphalt according to specified application rate.
|
| 4. Spread chips immediately behind asphalt truck with self-propelled chip |
|
machine.
|
| 5. Use one or two (5-10 ton) pneumatic rollers immediately behind chip
|
|
spreader. Use slow stops and starts. Cover all areas at least once. |
| 6. Control traffic speed for a minimum of 24 hours.
|
| 7. Broom the road surface if required.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-14
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
SURFACE OVERLAY, PAVED SURFACES
ACTIV
ITY NO. 1120
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| The laying of bituminous mix over existing paved surface to restore
|
| deteriorated pavement which cannot be repaired adequately by chip seal
|
| surface treatment.
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Schedule overlays when travelway shows excessive | Deferred
|
| wear and maintenance costs have become excessive. |
|
| Weather should be warm and dry.
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 26 of 65
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 1 Paving machine operator
|
|
| 2 Roller-operators
|
Tons
|
| 2-6 Truck drivers
|
|
| 1-3 Laborers
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Paving (laydown) machine
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| Pneumatic and steel tandem rollers
|
|
| 2-6 Dump trucks
|
1000 - 1500
|
| 1 Power broom
|
|
| 1 Pickup/crew carrier
|
|
| Handtools
|
MATERIAL
|
|
| Asphalt oil (tack coat) placed|
|
| by vendor's distributor.
|
|
| Asphalt mix.
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
| 1. Make job hazard analysis for project.
|
| 2. Make certain all equipment is ready in operating condition.
|
| 3. Place traffic control devices and warning signs.
|
| 4. Prepare surface by sweeping. (Any major surface irregularities should |
|
have been repaired prior to "laydown" day.)
|
| 5. Apply tack coat.
|
| 6. Lay asphalt.
|
| 7. Compact immediately behind laydown machine with pneumatic or steel
|
|
tandem "breakdown" roller.
|
| 8. Finish rolling with (1) pneumatic and then (2) steel tandem roller.
|
| 9. In some cases, chip seal surface treatment is applied immediately
|
|
following laydown of overlay.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-15
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
FOG SEAL, PAVED SURFACES
ACTIV
ITY NO. 1124
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 27 of 65
| The application of an asphalt fog seal to a paved surface to provide a water |
| repellant surface and to rejuvenate existing asphalt surfaces.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Must be done during dry weather. Apply seals to sur-| Recurrent or Deferred |
| faces that show signs of oxidation but do not require|
|
| ship seal treatment. (Ideally, cold mix stabilized |
|
| surfaces should be fog sealed within 2 years.)
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| 1 Distributor operator (Asphalt vendor fre- | Tons
|
| quently furnishes distributor with opera- |
|
| tor.)
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Distributor
|
|
| 1 Power broom
| 25 - 75
|
| 1 Pickup/crew cab
|
|
| Hand brooms
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| CSS-1 Emulsified asphalt, or |
|
| equivalent
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Make job hazard analysis of project.
|
| 2. Place traffic control devices and warning signs.
|
| 3. Clean surface to be sealed, using power broom.
| | 4.
Distribute asphalt at approximately 0.15 gallons per square yard.
|
| 5. Control traffic until asphalt is completely dry.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 28 of 65
EXHIBIT 2-16
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
GRADE OR RESHAPE, AGGREGATE SHOULDERS
ACTIVITY NO. 2203
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Grading of shoulders without placing additional materials to bring crushed |
| rock up against the edge of the surfacing, protect edge of surfacing from |
| breaking, eliminate dropoff at the edge of surfacing, and facilitate water |
| runoff.
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
| Grade shoulders in spring or fall when moisture is |
|
| sufficient to keep crushed rock from segregating and | Recurrent
|
| to allow the material to compact after blading.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| 1 Operator
| Shoulder Mile
|
| 1 Laborer
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Motor grader
|
|
| 1 Pickup
| 6 - 10
|
| 1 Power broom (when appropriate)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Place safety devices and signs.
|
| 2. Make first pass with angle blade of grader to pull material up against |
| traveled way.
|
| 3. Make second pass with grader to remove all material from traveled way and |
| smooth material to original grade and slope.
|
| 4. Smooth out excess material around sign posts, etc., with hand shovel or |
| rake.
|
| 5. Broom fine material from traveled way, if necessary.
|
|
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7709.58_10
Page 29 of 65
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-17
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
BRING AGGREGATE SHOULDERS UP TO GRADE
ACTIV
ITY NO. 2204
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| The placement of crushed rock on shoulders to correct low spots and replace |
| lost material. To ensure drainage and eliminate any abrupt changes between |
| edge of traveled way and shoulder.
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Whenever shoulder material has become displaced | Recurrent
|
| from original location.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 2 Operators
|
|
| 2-3 Truck drivers
| Tons
|
| 2 Laborers
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Grader
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Loader
|
|
| 2-3 Dump trucks
|
300 - 500
|
| 1 Power broom (when needed)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Crushed rock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
| 1. Place signs and safety devices.
|
| 2. Spread proper amount of gravel from dump truck along edge of traveled |
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7709.58_10
Page 30 of 65
way and shoulders.
|
3. Grade gravel off traveled way to inside edge of shoulder.
|
4. Smooth material to design slope with grader.
|
5. Smooth material around sign post and other obstructions with shovel
or rake.
|
6. Broom fine material from traveled way.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-18
|
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
CLEAN AND RESHAPE DITCHES
ACTIVITY NO. 3301
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| To provide adequate drainage and prevent roadway or roadside damage.
|
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|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
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|
|
| Schedule in spring and fall, prior to and after the | Recurring
|
| rainy season.
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|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
| 2 Operators
|
|
| 2 Dump truck drivers
| Ditch mile
|
| 1 Flagperson or laborer
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Motor grader
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Front end loader
|
|
| 1-2 Dump trucks
|
2-4
|
| 1 Pickup
|
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|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
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7709.58_10
Page 31 of 65
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MATERIAL
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RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
1. Place safety devices and signs.
|
2. Pull rocks and debris from ditches with grader, being careful to
|
avoid undercutting the back slope.
|
3. Pick up material with front end loader and deposit in dump truck.
|
4. Haul material to a designated disposal area and place as instructed. |
5. Clean travelway of all spilled debris that presents a hazard to the |
road user.
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EXHIBIT 2-19
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
MACHINE CLEANING OF CULVERTS
ACTIVITY NO. 3304
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
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|
| Clean and restore culverts to their original design flow capacity.
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|
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| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
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|
|
| Schedule during dry periods. Schedule concurrently | Recurrent
|
| with Activity No. 3305, when possible.
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CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 32 of 65
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
| 1 Operator
|
|
| 1-2 Laborers
| Number of culverts
|
| 1 Truck driver
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Backhoe or Gradall
| DAILY PRODUCTION
| 1 Dump truck
|
|
|
| 8 - 10
|
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|
MATERIAL
|
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|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
| 1. Review safety hazards and place appropriate signs or flagperson.
| 2. Remove material.
|
| 3. Dispose of material to designated area.
|
| 4. Clean area around culvert.
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EXHIBIT 2-20
|
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|
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
HAND CLEANING OF CULVERTS
ACTIV
ITY NO. 3305
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Hand cleaning of culverts so they will function adequately to their
| design flow.
|
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|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 33 of 65
|
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| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
| This activity is a routine one that is usually
|
|
| accomplished in conjunction with other maintenance | Recurrent
|
| activities; i.e., ditch pulling, surface blading, |
|
| etc.
|
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|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| 1 Laborer
| Number of culverts
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Pickup
| Variable, according to
|
| 2 "Work Area Ahead" signs
| accumulation of debris. |
| Hand tools, including 2 long handle shovels | Average should be from
|
|
| 24 to 36.
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
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|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
| 1. Place safety devices and signs.
|
| 2. Clean inlet and outlet so they function properly.
|
| 3. Place removed material so that it can be loaded and hauled away at a |
|
later date and does not interfere with road use. Some of the material |
|
may be suitable for use in check dams downgrade from the culvert site. |
| 4. Repair culvert markers, if necessary.
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EXHIBIT 2-21
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 34 of 65
CULVERT REPLACEMENT
ACTIV
ITY NO. 3308
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Remove and replace damaged or deteriorated culverts to protect the road and |
| ensure proper drainage.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Schedule prior to runoff period.
| Recurrent
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 1 Backhoe operator
|
|
| 1 Truck driver
| Number of culverts
|
| 1 Laborer-flagperson
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Backhoe
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Dump truck
|
|
| 1-2 Compactors
| 2-3
|
| 1 Water truck
|
|
| 1 Pickup
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
| Culverts
|
|
| Bands
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Prepare job hazard analysis.
|
| 2. Place safety devices and signs.
|
| 3. Dig out old culvert with backhoe.
|
| 4. Install new culvert, making sure it is well bedded and properly
|
|
compacted around pipe (no rocks next to pipe).
|
| 5. Haul old culvert to designated disposal area.
|
| 6. Replace surfacing material.
|
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|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
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7709.58_10
Page 35 of 65
|
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EXHIBIT 2-22
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
BRUSH CUTTING, HAND
ACTIV
ITY NO. 4403
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| The hand removal of roadside vegetation to provide sight distance, eliminate |
| fire hazards, correct drainage and provide for roadside beautification.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Schedule as required.
| Recurrent
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 1 Crew leader
|
|
| 1-2 Laborers
| Miles brushed
|
| 3-6 Laborers (large crew)
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Crew truck
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| Hand tools
|
|
| Power tools
| 1/2 to 1 mile
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
| 1. Set out warning devices.
|
| 2. Review safety hazards and standards.
|
| 3. Cut or prune according to silvicultural practices.
|
| 4. Place cut material in planned areas for chipping or burning.
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
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7709.58_10
Page 36 of 65
|
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EXHIBIT 2-23
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
BRUSH DISPOSAL, CHIPPING
ACTIVITY NO. 4405
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Disposal of hand-cleared brush and limbs by use of mechanical chipper, to
| eliminate fire hazard and unsightly appearance.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Schedule immediately after brush cutting activity. | Recurrent
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
| 4 Laborers
|
|
| 1-2 Licensed operators
| Mile
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Chipper
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1-2 Pickups
|
|
| Safety equipment
| 1 Mile
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
7709.58_10
Page 37 of 65
|
|
|
|
|
|
RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
1. Prepare job hazard analysis.
2. Place safety devices and signs.
3. Provide safety equipment, gloves, earplugs, etc.
4. Properly place brush into hopper.
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
EXHIBIT 2-24
|
|
|
|
|
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
BRUSH DISPOSAL, BURNING
ACTIVITY NO. 4406
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Disposal of cut brush along roadways by burning, to reduce fire hazard
| potential and improve aesthetic values.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Schedule as soon as possible after cutting
| Recurrent
|
| brush (usually during fall, winter, or spring)
|
|
| avoiding periods of high fire danger.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
| 2-8 Laborers with work leader
| Miles
|
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 38 of 65
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1-2 Crew vehicles
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| Hand tools
|
|
| Fire control tools
| 1-3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Burning fuels and supplies. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
| 1. Prepare job hazard analysis for project.
|
| 2. Place traffic control devices and warning signs.
|
| 3. Check burning restrictions with District.
|
| 4. Review safety hazards with crew members.
|
| 5. Pile brush for burning in approved burn areas where heat damage to
|
adjacent trees is minimized or prevented.
|
| 6. Burn brush piles, following fire safety requirements.
|
| 7. Repile and reburn until disposal is complete.
|
|
|
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|
EXHIBIT 2-25
|
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
APPLY SEED, FERTILIZER, MULCH (WOOD FIBER)
ACTIV
ITY NO. 4407
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
| Wood fiber mulch is specifically designed to be used in hydraulic mulching |
| equipment to aid in establishing a ground cover. It resists soil erosion by |
| water and wind. It absorbs and retains moisture to promote rapid seed
|
| germination and growth. It is used where a quick cover is desirable.
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 39 of 65
| Schedule as soon as possible following soil
|
|
| disturbance during proper seasonal periods for
| Project
|
| maximizing seed catch and survival.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| 1 Truck driver
| Acres
|
| 2 Laborers
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Flat bed truck
|
|
| 1 Mulching machine
| 10 - 15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
| Seed
|
|
| Fertilizer
|
|
| Wood fiber
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
| 1. Place safety devices and signs at work area.
|
| 2. Apply seed, fertilizer, and wood fiber at recommended rates.
|
| 3. As a followup, examine and evaluate plantings. Also, good records are |
|
necessary to help establish a sound erosion control program.
|
|
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|
EXHIBIT 2-26
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
APPLY SEED AND/OR FERTILIZER (MACHINE)
ACTIV
ITY NO. 4409
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 40 of 65
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Revegetation of road cut and fill slopes with grass to minimize soil
|
| erosion, lower road maintenance costs, and improve the aesthetic values
|
| of the road.
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
| Seeding and fertilizing should be done as soon as |
|
| possible following soil disturbance. Generally, | Deferred (Frequently |
| seeding just prior to summer rains will enhance | can be done by
|
| seed survival and catch.
| contract.)
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 1 Seeding machine/truck operator
|
|
| 2 Laborers
| Acres
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Seed-fertilizer machine on truck
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Pickup/crew carrier
|
|
|
| 15 - 20
|
| (Sizable areas can be contracted out.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Seed
|
|
| Fertilizer
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
| 1. Prepare job hazard analysis for project.
|
| 2. Place traffic control devices and warning signs.
|
| 3. Apply seed and fertilizer at recommended per acre rates.
|
| 4. Examine and evaluate plantings. Keep good records to help establish |
|
a sound erosion control program.
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
|
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|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
|
|
7709.58_10
Page 41 of 65
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-27
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
APPLY SEED AND/OR FERTILIZER (BY HAND)
ACTIV
ITY NO. 4410
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
| Using hand seeder to get coverage if high cut banks and other areas of
|
| exposed soil are not accessible by machine. Also used for very small,
|
| spot areas. Both seed and fertilizer can be applied by hand seeder.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
| Seeding should be done as soon as possible following|
|
| soil disturbances. Generally, seeding just prior | Acres
|
| to summer rains will enhance seed survival and
|
|
| catch.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| 1-2 Laborers
| Acres
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Pickup
|
|
| Hand seeders
| 5 - 10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Seed
|
|
| Fertilizer
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
| 1. Make field check to identify areas for hand seeding.
|
| 2. Prepare job hazard analysis for project.
|
| 3. Apply recommended seed mix and fertilizer at prescribed application |
|
rates.
|
| 4. Keep good records to establish a sound erosion control program (seed |
|
mix, fertilizer mix rate, and timing of application).
|
|
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
|
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|
|
7709.58_10
Page 42 of 65
|
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|
EXHIBIT 2-28
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
PLACE EROSION CONTROL STRUCTURES AND MATS
ACTIV
ITY NO. 4411
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
| Fiber nets and plastic or metal netting are used to establish a turf in
|
| areas that are highly susceptible to wind and/or water erosion such as steep |
| slopes, ditches, and particularly loose soils. Matting retains soil
|
| particles and seed, etc.
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
| Timing should follow seed and fertilizer
|
|
| application as soon as possible. On large projects,| Deferred
|
| consideration should be given to contracting.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| Various
| Square yards
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| As needed.
|
|
|
|
Varies.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Mats or netting.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
1. Make job hazard analysis of project.
2. Apply netting or mats to area, stapling in place.
3. Clean up work area.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-29
7709.58_10
Page 43 of 65
|
|
|
|
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
SLIDE AND SLUMP REPAIR OF FILL SLOPES
ACTIV
ITY NO. 4412
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Repair of slumped slopes to restore road prism to original cross section, |
| and to provide support for roadway and prevent resource damage.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Schedule work as soon as practical after slump has | Project
|
| occurred.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| 1 Crew Leader
|
|
| 1 Operator (as needed)
| Cubic Yard
|
| 1 Truck driver
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
| 1 Backhoe/loader
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 44 of 65
| 1 Dump truck
|
|
| 1 Compactor
|
50 - 100
|
| 1 Motor grader
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Import
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
| 1. Investigate slide to determine extent of problem and proper repair
|
|
methods. Determine quantities of material. Schedule crew, equipment, |
|
supplies, borrow areas, waste areas, etc.
|
| 2. Prepare job hazard analysis.
|
| 3. Perform necessary cleaning under appropriate activity.
|
| 4. Place proper signs, barricades, and safety devices.
|
| 5. Excavate slumped area deep enough to provide tight bond to existing |
|
fill slope.
|
| 6. Locate source of subsurface problems (if any), and take corrective
|
|
action under appropriate activity.
|
| 7. Replace fill material in layers and compact fill to specified standards |
|
to the elevation of the existing subgrade.
|
| 8. Grade and shape subgrade surface for preparation of surfacing.
|
| 9. Place and compact surfacing in accordance with appropriate activity. |
| 10. Seed and fertilize work area.
|
| 11. Clean up site; remove signs and barricades.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-30
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
REMOVE HAZARD ROCK AND DEBRIS FROM BACK SLOPE
ACTIV
ITY NO. 4414
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Removal of logs, stumps, large rocks, and debris that could roll or move |
| down the backslopes and become a hazard to the road user.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Schedule immediately following determination that | Extraordinary, as |
| the condition is a hazard to the safe use of the | needed.
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 45 of 65
| road.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| As needed.
| 100 Linear Feet
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| As needed.
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
| 1. Make job hazard analysis of the project.
|
| 2. Place traffic control devices and warning signs, with flagperson, if |
|
needed.
|
| 3. Choose the safest and most efficient procedure and equipment as
|
|
directed by analysis (backhoe, Gradall, crane with clamshell bucket, |
|
hand scaling, or blasting).
|
| 4. Haul or remove material to designated disposal area.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-31
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
MINOR BRIDGE REPAIR
ACTIV
ITY NO. 6601
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 46 of 65
| Minor structural repairs such as cleaning decks, hand brooming, cleaning drain|
| holes, replacing running planks, repair of wearing surface, repair of bridge |
| rail, and curb and joint repair.
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Schedule this activity throughout the year, with | Recurrent
|
| priority given to hazardous conditions. Other re- |
|
| pairs may be scheduled during periods of minor main- |
|
| tenance requirements.
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| 1 Laborer
| Man-Days
|
| 1 Carpentar
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Stakeside
|
|
| or
| N/A
|
| 1 Pickup
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| As needed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Place safety devices and signs.
|
| 2. Perform required maintenance or repairs.
|
| 3. Clean up work area and haul excess material to disposal area, or return |
| material to work center.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 47 of 65
EXHIBIT 2-32
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
REMOVING DEBRIS FROM STREAM CHANNELS
ACTIV
ITY NO. 6603
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Removing debris from channels to protect bridges, culverts, and other drainage|
| structures from damage due to debris striking the structure or from flooding |
| caused by clogged drainages.
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
| Schedule the activity during low water periods in |
|
| conformance with State and local regulations and | Recurrent/Deferred |
| agreements, and FS policy so that stream disturbance |
|
| causes the least damage to aquatic life and habitat. |
|
| For stream channels where the flow of water is not |
|
| perennial, the scheduling can be more flexible.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| As necessary for type and amount of debris to | Man-Hours
|
| be removed.
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| As necessary for type and amount of debris to |
|
| be removed.
| N/A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| As needed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Consult with fish biologists and other specialists on methods and timing |
| of debris removal.
|
| 2. Make job hazard analysis.
|
| 3. Cut logs, snags, etc., to manageable size.
|
| 4. Remove debris to disposal area by methods causing least damage to stream |
| bed.
|
| 5. Restore any area disturbed by equipment.
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7709.58_10
Page 48 of 65
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-33
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
REPAIR OF CATTLEGUARDS
ACTIV
ITY NO. 6609
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Maintenance of cattleguards includes inspection and repair of previously
| installed structures.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Inspect annually. Repair as needed.
| Recurrent
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
| 1-2 Laborers
| Each
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Pickup with hand tools.
|
|
|
| N/A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
| Similar in type and quality. |
|
| H-20 loading minimum for
|
|
| logging traffic.
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
| 1. Make job hazard analysis.
|
| 2. Place traffic control devices and warning signs.
|
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7709.58_10
Page 49 of 65
3. Repair or replace broken rails or posts.
|
4. Secure tie-in fences to the wings. These fences shall be sound.
5. Repair damage to the wings; replace if necessary.
|
6. Weld or bolt loose rails back in place.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-34
|
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
REPAIR OR REPLACE GATES
ACTIV
ITY NO. 6612
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Repair or replace gates including realignment of posts; replacing broken |
| posts; repairing gate and replacing, if necessary; repairing attached fence; |
| reestablishing end barricades; cleaning and restoring signs and hazard
|
| markers.
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Inspect annually. Repair or replace as needed. | Recurrent
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| As needed.
| Man-hours.
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| As needed.
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7709.58_10
Page 50 of 65
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
| As needed.
|
|
|
|
|
RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
1. Make job hazard analysis.
2. Place traffic control devices and warning signs.
3. Realign or replace gate posts as necessary.
4. Repair or replace gate and attached hardware.
5. Repair fences attached to gate.
6. Repair end barricades if needed.
7. Clean and restore signs and markers.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-35
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
INSTALLATION OF GATES
ACTIV
ITY NO. 6613
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Install gates as necessary to control road use.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Schedule when needed.
| Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 51 of 65
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
| 1 Work leader
|
|
| 1-2 Laborers
| Each
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Concrete mixer
|
|
| 1 Stakeside
| 1-2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Gates
|
|
| Posts
|
|
| Concrete, etc.
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Prepare job hazard analysis.
|
| 2. Place safety signs as needed.
|
| 3. Dig holes; install posts; fill hole around post with concrete, and allow |
| concrete to set.
|
| 4. Hang gate.
|
| 5. Clean up area.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-36
|
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
REPAIR, CLEANING, AND/OR REPLACEMENT OF SIGNS
ACTIV
ITY NO. 7701
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Clean, straighten, repair, and/or replace signs, sign posts, and delineators |
| that have been damaged to restore and maintain control and guidance of
|
| traffic.
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 52 of 65
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| Schedule minor repairs of signs during periods of low|
|
| manpower requirements; however, safety hazard signs | Recurrent
|
| and delineators must receive immediate correction of |
|
| any deficiency. Repair or replacement of defective |
|
| safety devices should be made when reported or ob- |
|
| served.
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| 1 or more Laborers
| Each
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 1 Stakeside or pickup
|
|
| Warning signs, traffic cones, etc.
| 15 - 50
|
| Water sprayer equipment (for washing signs) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Repair materials for signs, |
|
| water, detergent, sign posts, |
|
| small tools and assorted parts|
|
| spare makers, and delineators,|
|
| etc.
|
|RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Clean marker or delineator.
|
| 2. Reset or straighten post as needed.
|
| 3. Replace if no longer serviceable.
|
| 4. Repair sign face and replace broken posts.
|
| 5. Note sign installations that are beyond field repair and need replacement.|
| 6. Replace traffic control and regulatory signs. (Carry supply with crew.) |
| 7. Spray sign with detergent (if cleaning is needed.)
|
| 8. Scrub with brush.
|
| 9. Rinse with clean water.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-37
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 53 of 65
REPAIR CLEANING, AND/OR REPLACEMENT
OF HAZARD MARKERS AND DELINEATORS
ACTIVITY NO. 7703
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Hazard markers and delineators must be in place and in good condition to warn |
| traffic of road hazards. Normal work consists of the replacement of damaged |
| markers or delineators, and re-setting or replacing posts.
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
| This type of sign warns against a safety hazard and |
|
| must receive immediate correction of any deficiency. | Recurrent
|
| Sign maintenance crews will carry hazard markers, de-|
|
| lineators, and posts in their maintenance truck. Re-|
|
| pair or replacement of defective installations shall |
|
| be made when reported or observed.
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
|
| Number of markers and
|
|
| delineators.
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
|
|
|
|
| 50 - 100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|Markers, delineators, and posts|
|
|Hardware, water, detergent, or |
|
|sign-cleaning solution.
|
|
|
|
|RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| Establish a maintenance schedule.
|
|
|
| 1. Clean marker or delineator.
|
| 2. Re-set or straighten post as needed.
|
| 3. Replace if no longer serviceable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
|
|
|
|
|
|
7709.58_10
Page 54 of 65
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-38
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
HAULING ROCK TO STOCKPILE
ACTIV
ITY NO. 8802
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Hauling rock from pit or crusher to a stockpile area for future use.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| As needed
| Deferred
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
| Truck drivers as needed
|
|
| Equipment operators as needed
| Cubic Yards
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 2-6 Dump trucks
|
|
| 1 Loader
|
400 - 1200
|
| 1 Dozer (small to medium) at stockpile area, |
|
| if needed.
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
|
|
|
|
| Aggregate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Prepare job hazard analysis.
|
| 2. Set up safety devices, such as truck crossing signs, on all major road |
| junctions.
|
| 3. Construct stockpile according to acceptable practice to avoid segregation.|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 55 of 65
| Use push cat or stacking conveyors.
|
| 4. Clean up the work area when haul is complete. Pick up and return signs to|
| the work center.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-39
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
HAULING OF PREMIX TO STOCKPILE
ACTIV
ITY NO. 8805
| DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
|
|
|
| Hauling bituminous premix (cold mix) from mixing or supply source to designat-|
| ed stockpile site for later use.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SCHEDULING
| TYPE OF ACTIVITY
|
|
|
|
| As needed
| Deferred
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREW/EQUIPMENT
|
ACCOMPLISHMENT
|
| RECOMMENDED CREW SIZE
| WORK UNIT
|
|
|
|
| Truck drivers as needed
| Tons
|
| Equipment operators as needed
|
|
|
|
|
| EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
| DAILY PRODUCTION
|
| 2-6 Dump trucks
|
|
| 1 Loader
| 400 - 1200
|
| 1 Dozer (small to medium) at stockpile area, |
|
| if needed.
|
|
|
|
MATERIAL
|
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 56 of 65
|
|
|
|
| Cold Mix
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
|
|
|
| 1. Prepare job hazard analysis.
|
| 2. Set up safety devices, such as truck crossing signs.
|
| 3. Inspect hauling equipment to ensure no asphalt will be spilled from the |
| hauling equipment.
|
| 4. Construct stockpile in a manner that reduces compaction to a minimum, usu-|
| ally piled with a loader rather than by push cat. Avoid segregating mixed|
| material.
|
| 5. Clean work area and return signs to work center after stockpile is com- |
| plete.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT 2-40
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 57 of 65
SEE THE PAPER COPY OF THE MASTER SET
FOR SECTION 12.84 - EXHIBITS 04 AND 05.
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 58 of 65
12.7 - Maintenance Plans.
2. Plan Development. An optional method for plan development follows:
Each Forest may prepare a 5 year maintenance plan. The procedure for developing
this plan is as follows:
a. The maintenance engineer meets with District personnel and
assigns the following for each road:
(1) A maintenance level (Reference Section 12.3 of FSH 7709.58).
(2) A base maintenance year.
(3) A maintenance frequency based on the expected road use during the
5-year period. For example, a maintenance frequency of three would
mean the road is to be maintained every three years.
Use the computer report (1R206), extracted from the Forest Transportation
Information System (TIS) to list all roads by district and place the maintenance
level, base maintenance year, and maintenance frequency in the appropriate
column of the report. (See Exhibit 5-1). After all Districts information is collected,
combine the individual district plans to determine if the annual Forest maintenance
plans for the 5-year period relate to the expected annual funding, and to assure that
the movement of personnel and equipment form district to district is reasonable.
Adjust the 5-year plan as necessary. When the plan is finalized, input the
information from the forms, exhibit 5-1, into the Forest TIS. The resulting
computer report will be the Forest's 5-year maintenance plan.
b. An annual maintenance plan may be developed from the 5-year plan
by generating a computer report which lists the roads to be maintained in
any given year. Additional reports may be generated to show all roads to
be maintained by the Forest Service or all roads to be maintained by
Counties (ex. 5-2 and 5-3).
c. Prepare a road maintenance work plan for the approaching season.
Various formats for the maintenance plan are shown in exhibits 06 and
07. As a minimum, the plan must identify cost estimates, funding
sources, and the party responsible for performing the work on the roads.
As an option to the various formats, Computer Report (1R206) extracted from TIS
may be used, if supplemented, to provide the minimum required information. Apply
average cost estimates for each level of road against the total mileage to be
maintained to come up with an annual maintenance cost. Revise the report to show
these average costs and add a section which addresses not only force account work,
but also contract work, and permittee and County maintenance.
d. Use the Annual Maintenance Plan to estimate costs for the required
work and determine the funding needs for the next budget period.
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 59 of 65
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 60 of 65
SEE THE PAPER COPY OF THE MASTER SET
FOR SECTION 12.84 - EXHIBITS 05 THROUGH 07.
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 61 of 65
3. Deferred Maintenance Plan. Forest Supervisors shall develop a plan for the
accomplishment of deferred maintenance. The plan should indicate the items of
deferred maintenance, the estimated cost of the work, and the anticipated year of
accomplishment. It should be balanced, to the extent possible, to accomplish a
percentage of the deferred maintenance annually.
Accounting procedures should be developed at each unit to account for deferred
maintenance collections from commercial users. Collections made from each road
shall be identified by road number and amount.
When determining the collection rates for deferred maintenance, take into account
the work to be done at the current prices, and include the necessary administrative
and overhead costs for cooperative fund accounts. Inflation projections to the
planned year of accomplishment will not be incorporated into collection rates.
Deferred maintenance collections will not be made on local intermittent roads.
12.81 - Scheduling. Document the work that will be performed within the field
season. Documentation of work schedules is important (1) in determining if all
required work is being accomplished on time and (2) to provide a documented
history of maintenance scheduling for future maintenance managers.
An optional format for scheduling work is shown in Exhibit 8. Forests may develop
their own format to better suit their particular needs.
To authorize scheduled work, use formal or informal methods. Use of Crew Day
Cards (Exhibit 9) is recommended to assign required work to the maintenance crew
or contractors and report accomplishments. The card contains information on the
crew and equipment assigned, the period of work, location and project identification
and a list of the work to be accomplished on a particular road.
12.83 - Inspection. A field review of the completed work should be made and
documented in the optional format shown in Exhibit 10, Field Review Report.
12.84 - Monitoring and Evaluation. A necessary part of the management and
control of work is a system of work reporting and evaluation. The maintenance
management system provides a means to document the costs of maintaining a road.
It may be most efficient for Forests to report the accomplished work on the same
document that the work was authorized. For example, if the crew day card was
used, the same card may be used to report accomplishments and establish
associated costs (Exhibit 9).
Consider the following definitions when reporting accomplishments for each
mandatory maintenance activity:
1.
Road Maintenance Management - Covers the cost of the staff that
manages the Road Maintenance activities and program. Includes the Forest Staff,
such as the Forest Engineer, Program Engineer, Forest Facility Manager, and Road
Maintenance Engineer specifically assigned to manage this program. Work in this
activity includes: program management, condition surveys, road logs, development
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 62 of 65
of road maintenance plans, and maintaining sign plans. Costs for the staff
performing maintenance management should include their salary, benefits, travel,
training, awards, supplies, equipment and vehicles.
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 63 of 65
SEE THE PAPER COPY OF THE MASTER SET
FOR SECTION 12.84 - EXHIBITS 08 THROUGH 10.
R2 SUPPLEMENT 90-1
EFFECTIVE 4/90
7709.58_10
Page 64 of 65
2. Road Maintenance Support. This relates to activities supporting the Road
Maintenance Program. Report costs for other staff and non-personnel items that
support the road maintenance program. These costs include all common service
items such as rent, utilities, communications, mail, non-project Automated Data
Processing (ADP), unemployment compensation, multi-funded work (Geographic
Information System [GIS], trainees, geometronics, radios, etc.) and special
equipment purchases such as computers that are non-project related. Costs for nonroad maintenance staff in this activity may include clerical, business management
or other staff, i.e. law enforcement.
3. Level 1 Maintenance to Standard. Includes accomplishments relating to
custodial care of level 1 roads required to protect Forest Service owned investments
and to see that damage to adjacent land and resources is held to a minimum.
Reference Guidelines in Section 12.6. Miles accomplished should only include those
roads (miles) actively maintained or having received an annual physical inspection
to determine what work, if any, is needed to keep drainage functional and the road
stable.
4. Level 2 Maintenance to Standard. Includes accomplishments of all
activities described under Guidelines Level 2 in Section 12.6 on maintenance level 2
Forest Service owned roads where management requires that the road be open for
limited passage of high clearance traffic. Most all Level 2 roads are maintained on
a planned cycle of once every 2 to 5 years. Only those miles actually maintained for
public and administrative traffic will be reported. Road maintenance accomplished
by volunteers or by another public road agency to meet level 2 standards will be
estimated and reported as if the Forest Service accomplished the same work.
5. Level 3, 4 and 5 Maintenance to Standard. Roads in Maintenance Level 3
are "To Standard" if all the activities listed in Section 12.6 under Guidelines Level 3
are accomplished. Deferred surface rock replacement is required on some of these
roads only to provide adequate structural support for passenger cars.
Roads in Level 4 and 5 are "To Standard' if all the activities listed in Section 12.6
under Guidelines Level 4 and Level 5 are accomplished. For these levels, surface
replacement on a periodic basis is required for safety, user comfort, to prevent loss
of fines, and to protect other resources.
The above examples relate to roads fully maintained for administrative and
recreation uses on Forest Roads. Roads receiving a mixture of traffic, including
commercial, are considered fully maintained where the Forest Service performs it's
commensurate share of the maintenance responsibilities.
Road maintenance accomplished by another public road agency to meet level 3-5
standards for recreation and administration will be estimated and reported as if the
Forest Service accomplished the same work.
Reporting accomplishments of miles maintained is not clear cut and requires
judgement. It is clear that if a complete maintenance job is performed on a road,
the entire road will be claimed as accomplished. However, if only portions of work
are performed on a road, use judgement in figuring how many miles to claim as
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accomplished. If a road is bladed three times in one year, we should claim the
mileage only once.
All of the information collected in any given year may be used to prepare an Annual
Maintenance Plan Summary (Exhibit 7) which would show the total miles of road
maintenance completed by level and the associated cost. Complexity and method of
reporting may vary from Forest to Forest. Reporting may be done manually on the
Annual Maintenance Plan Summary or by computerized methods.