LAND, AIR AND WATER RESOURCES PAPER
EFFECTS OF FOREST HARVEST ON BIOGEOCHEMICAL
PROCESSES IN THE CASPAR CREEK WATERSHED
FINAL REPORT TO: CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY & FIRE PROTECTION
AGREEMENT NUMBER 8CA17039
RANDY A. DAHLGREN
Soils and Biogeochemistry
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources
University of California
Davis, CA 95616
December 1998
Effects of Forest Harvest on Biogeochemical
Processes in the Caspar Creek Watershed
Final Report to: California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection
Agreement Number 8CA17039
Randy A. Dahlgren
Soils and Biogeochemistry
Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources
One Shields Avenue
University of California
Davis, CA 95616-8627
Phone: 530-752-2814
FAX: 530-752-1552
email: radahlgren@ucdavis.edu
December 1998
Table of Contents
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Research Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Materials and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Study site characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Solid-phase soil analyses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Collection and analysis of ecosystem waterflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Nutrient analysis in biomass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Statistical analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Soils and soil properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Biomass nutrient concentrations and pools : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Precipitation, canopy throughfall and soil solution chemistry . . . . . . . . 45
Stream water chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Relationship between solute concentrations and stream discharge . . . . .69
Relationship of pipeflow water chemistry to stream water chemistry . . .69
Nutrient fluxes in stream water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Cumulative effects of harvesting on stream water quality . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Suspended sediments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Ecosystem nitrogen budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
Literature cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Effects of Forest Harvest on Biogeochemical
Processes
in the Caspar Creek Watershed
Randy A. Dahlgren
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Water quality and long-term sustainability are major components addressed within the ecosystem
approach to forest management. Forest harvest practices are often implicated as having adverse
impacts on sensitive aquatic communities and on the long-term sustainability of forest
ecosystems. While careless harvest practices can certainly cause adverse impacts, proper forest
management practices can minimize or even eliminate these adverse effects. As forest
ecosystems become more intensively managed, it is imperative that management practices be
developed and utilized to minimize environmental impacts and assure long-term ecosystem
sustainability. This research examined the effects of forest harvest and post-harvest management
practices on biogeochemical processes. The biogeochemistry approach examines processes and
interactions occurring within and between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere.
Results from this research provide information to help us understand the complex interactions
that occur in nutrient cycling processes at the ecosystem scale: This information can be further
applied to the development of management practices to maintain long-term forest productivity
and to minimize adverse environmental impacts from forest management activities.
The primary objective of this study was to examine the cumulative effects of forest management
practices on stream water solute concentrations and on nutrient cycling in a coastal
redwood/Doug fir ecosystem. Specific objectives were to:
1. Examine changes in stream water solute concentrations and nutrient fluxes following various
harvest and post-harvest forest management practices,
2. Examine the magnitude and spatial pattern of downstream impacts associated with
disturbance in headwater catchments,
3. Examine the relationship, between stream water and pipeflow solute concentrations and their
relationship to stream discharge, and
4. Compare nutrient cycling within clearcut and non-undisturbed (reference) catchments.
1
Major findings of research
Soils. There were minimal changes in soil properties and soil nutrient pools three years after clearcut
harvesting. The 1-3 cm thick litter layer (Oi/Oa) was largely lost from the clearcut watershed due to
mixing and decomposition following harvest. This may lead to a greater erosion potential in the
short-term following harvest. Soil pH in the A and AB horizons of the clearcut watershed was decreased
by 0.2 to 0.5 units following harvest. This pH depression will have little impact on ecosystem processes.
There were no significant changes to soil nutrient pools following clearcutting. Thus, clearcutting had no
major effect on soil properties and nutrient pools in the three years following harvest.
Biomass Nutrients. Rapid regrowth of redwood stump sprouts immobilized large concentrations of
nutrients, thereby attenuating their loss by leaching from the watershed. A mean of 5020 redwood
stem/ha having an above-ground biomass of 15 Mg/ha was measured six years following the clearcut.
The above-ground biomass of the regenerating redwood contained 70, 56, 12, 80, 14 and 7 kg/ha of N,
Ca, Mg, K, P and S, respectively. This rapid regrowth of redwoods also provides soil cover which
appreciably reduces the erosion potential following harvest. Based on foliar nutrient concentrations in the
redwood sprouts, there are no apparent nutrient deficiencies limiting their regrowth. Harvesting of the
80-year-old redwood/Doug fir forest resulted in removal (in wood and bark) of 949, 65, 405, 401 and 75
kg/ha of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, respectively. A comparison of nutrients removed in biomass with soil
nutrient pools indicates that N, P and S are the most critical nutrients with respect to long-term forest
productivity. The data suggest that nitrogen fixation by Ceanothus species may be necessary to replace
nitrogen lost to harvesting in order to maintain the long-term productivity and sustainability of these
ecosystems. We conclude that the stump sprouting ability of redwood makes these ecosystems
comparatively resilient to the adverse effects of nutrient loss by leaching and erosion.
Ecosystem Waterflows. In the period 4-6 years following clearcutting, concentrations of most solutes in
soil solutions were significantly lower in the clearcut watershed. The only solute to show an increase in
the clearcut watershed was NO3. This is due to increased mineralization from organic matter (due to
warmer and moister soil conditions) and decreased uptake due to removal of vegetation. We believe the
lower concentrations for most solutes in the clearcut results from dilution. Canopy interception (10-16%)
and higher evapotranspiration in the pre-harvest, second growth forest substantially decrease the amount
of water leaching from the reference watershed. This is also reflected in the lack of streamflow in the
reference watershed following cessation of rainfall, which is in contrast to the clearcut watershed that has
water flow throughout the dry summer months.
Stream water solute concentrations were similar between the reference and clearcut watersheds, except
for NO3 and SO4 which had higher concentrations in the clearcut watershed. Elevated concentrations of
NO3 and SO4 are most likely due to increased leaching from the soil as mineralization is enhanced and
uptake by vegetation is greatly reduced. With the exception of NO3, all solute concentrations display a
large decrease due to dilution during high-discharge, storm events.
2
In contrast, NO3 concentrations increase at peak discharge, probably reflecting a change in the
hydrologic flowpath and source of the water. We speculate that subsurface lateral flow above clay rich,
argillic horizons and macropore flow through root channels deliver NO3-enriched waters from the upper
soil horizons during storm events. Much of this water may reach the stream channel as pipeflow. Solute
concentrations in pipeflow can explain many of the changes in stream water solute concentrations during
storm events. The elevated concentration of NO3 in stream water from the clearcut watersheds was
rapidly decreased in the higher-order downstream segments. This decrease in NO3 concentration is
believed to result from a dilution effect, although in-stream immobilization and denitriflcation in the
riparian zone may also have an effect. Thus, the impacts of elevated NO3 concentrations on the aquatic
community are primarily restricted to the stream segment draining the clearcut watershed with little
effect on the higher-order downstream segments.
Nutrient fluxes from the clearcut watershed were generally 2 to 2.5 times greater than from the adjacent
reference watershed. Since stream water solute concentrations were similar in both watersheds, the
increased fluxes must be primarily due to an increased water flux from the clearcut watershed. While
elevated NO3 concentrations in stream water from the clearcut watershed might suggest a large loss of
nitrogen due to clearcutting, conversion to a flux (kg/ha/yr) indicates maximum loss of only 1.85
kg/ha/yr, and fluxes decreased to <0.4 kg/ha/yr in the three years following harvest. Thus, stream water
loss of nitrogen following clearcutting is not a major environmental concern in this redwood/Doug fir
ecosystem.
Suspended Sediment. Nutrient concentrations in suspended sediment (>0.4µm) indicating a
mixture of inorganic and organic components. Suspended sediments in the reference watershed had a
much larger organic matter component compared to the clearcut watershed. Concentrations of N (1.2 6.5 g/kg) and P (1.1 - 1.5 g/kg) are relatively high in the suspended sediments indicating that enhanced
erosion could lead to appreciable nutrient loss following forest harvest. An estimate of nitrogen loss by
suspended sediment transport indicates losses on the order of 1 to 2 kg N/ha/yr in both reference and
clearcut watersheds. The greater fluxes of suspended sediment in the clearcut watershed were offset by
the lower nitrogen concentration of the suspended sediment in the clearcut watershed.
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the valuable guidance and logistical support from E. Keppeler, R. Ziemer, J. Munn,
R.J. Zasoski and N. Henry. Field and laboratory assistance by Z. Yu, J. Holloway, D. Baston, R.
Northup, and the entire field staff of the USDA Forest Service/Jackson State Forest Caspar Creek
Research Team is greatly appreciated. I also thank E. Keppeler and J. Munn for their valuable comments
on a previous draft of this report.
3
Introduction
This study examines the cumulative effects of timber harvest and post-harvest practices on stream
water solute concentrations and nutrient cycling processes in a coastal redwood/Doug fir ecosystem
in northern California. Timber harvest practices are often implicated as having adverse
environmental impacts on sensitive aquatic communities and on the long-term sustainability of
forest ecosystems. Previous studies examining the impacts of timber harvest often provide
conflicting results suggesting that site conditions, specific harvesting techniques, and post-harvest
practices have a strong effect on the resulting impacts. Thus, harvest impacts are highly site specific
and can not be directly extrapolated from other sites and/or ecosystems. While the effects of forest
harvest practices on streamflow and sediment generation have been intensively studied (e.g., Rice et
al., 1979; Ziemer, 1981; Keppeler and Ziemer, 1990; Thomas, 1990; Wright et al., 1990), the
impacts of harvesting practices on stream water solute concentrations and nutrient cycling processes
have not been fully evaluated for the coastal region of northern California. This type of research is
becoming increasingly important as forested watersheds become more intensively managed and
attempts are made to minimize adverse management impacts.
Stream water solute concentrations and ecosystem-scale nutrient cycling are regulated by complex
interactions occurring within and between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere
(Fig. 1). To gain insights into the important processes regulating stream water solute concentrations
and ecosystem nutrient cycling, an integrated study incorporating both watershed-scale and
plot-scale investigations was performed.
Watershed-scale studies are based on input-output budgets for nutrients and water (Fig. 2).
Watershed manipulations are a powerful approach for studying the effects of forest management
practices (e.g., clearcutting, burning) on nutrient cycling processes. Manipulation studies commonly
utilize the paired watershed approach in which two watersheds with similar characteristics are
employed. One watershed of the pair is maintained in its original state to serve as a reference while
the other watershed undergoes a particular experimental treatment. Studies on the watershed scale
integrate all processes occurring within the boundaries of a given watershed. This may include
several plant species, several soil types, contrasting microclimates, and complex hydrologic flow
paths. Watershed studies provide ecosystem level data that incorporate all ecosystem processes, but
do not distinguish between individual processes or their relative importance.
To gain a greater understanding of how specific processes affect stream water solute concentrations
and nutrient cycling, a plot-scale investigation was integrated within the paired watersheds of this
study. Plot-scale studies employ a combination of biomass, litter, and solid-phase soil sampling to
determine nutrient pools, and collection and quantification of ecosystem waterflows (e.g.,
precipitation, canopy throughfall, soil solutions, and stream water) to determine nutrient fluxes.
These measurements were integrated with hydrologic investigations by the USDA Forest
Service/Jackson State Forest, Caspar Creek Research Team, lead by R. Ziemer and E. Keppeler,
which examined storm runoff characteristics, suspended sediment concentrations, and hillslope
hydrology including macropore flow. These integrated plot-scale studies provide a much greater
4
Fig. 2. Watershed-scale investigations are based on input/output budgets for both water and nutrients. The
difference between the volume of water input as precipitation and lost as stream water can- be assigned
to evapotranspiration if the bedrock is relatively impermeable. The difference between nutrient inputs
and outputs is a measure of the net nutrient balance associated with all pools and fluxes within the watershed.
understanding of the importance of individual processes. The trade-off for greater understanding of
individual processes is that plot-scale studies are much more labor intensive and costly than simply
measuring inputs and outputs from a watershed. Because a single watershed may contain several
contrasting stands, soils, hydrologic flowpaths, and distinct microclimates, it is not always possible to
predict watershed scale response from plot-scale investigations. Thus, the most powerful approach is to
couple watershed-scale investigations that integrate all processes and all spatial variability within a
watershed with plot-scale studies to ascertain details on the importance of individual processes.
Research Objectives
The primary objective of this study was to examine the cumulative effects of forest management
practices on stream water solute concentrations and nutrient cycling in a coastal redwood/Doug fir
ecosystem. Specific objectives were to:
1. Examine changes in stream water solute concentrations and nutrient fluxes following various harvest
and post-harvest forest management practices,
2. Examine the magnitude and spatial pattern of downstream impacts associated with disturbance in
headwater catchments,
3. Examine the relationship between stream water and pipeflow solute concentrations and their
relationship to stream discharge, and
4. Compare nutrient cycling within clearcut and non-disturbed (reference) catchments.
Five subwatersheds within the North Fork of Caspar Creek experimental watershed were subjected to
typical timber harvest practices, including various combinations of felling, yarding, road construction,
broadcast burning, and herbicide treatment. Three additional subwatersheds remained undisturbed and
were monitored as controls. To investigate the effects of these practices on water quality, stream water
samples were collected from headwater catchments of treated and reference watersheds, and from various
locations downstream from the disturbances to determine how far the impacts of these practices persisted.
In addition, a detailed (i.e., plot-scale) nutrient cycling study was performed in a clearcut and in a
reference watershed to gain insights into changes in nutrient cycling following forest harvest.
7
Materials and Methods
Study Site Characteristics
Headwater catchments in the North Fork of Caspar Creek were selected for this study (Fig. 3). The
watersheds are located in the Jackson Demonstration State Forest, 11 km southeast of Fort Bragg,
California, and approximately 7 km from the Pacific Ocean. The North Fork of Caspar Creek has a
drainage area of 483 ha and ranges in elevation from 37 to 320 m. The topography of the North Fork
watersheds ranges from broad, rounded ridge tops to steep inner gorges. Slopes within the watershed are:
35% of the area with slopes <30%, 58% of the area with slopes 30-70%, and 7% of the area with slopes
>70% (Wright et al., 1990).
The climate is Mediterranean, having dry summers with coastal fog. Summer temperatures are mild,
ranging from 10 to 25° C. Winters are mild and wet, with temperatures ranging between 5 and 14° C.
The average annual rainfall is about 1200 mm with no appreciable snowfall (Ziemer, 1981). Soils are
dominated by Alfisols and Ultisols formed in residuum derived predominately from sandstone and
weathered coarse-grained shale of Cretaceous Age. The soils are well drained and have relatively high
saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities (Wosika, 1981).
The North Fork of Caspar Creek was originally clearcut logged and burned in approximately 1910 (Tilley
and Rice, 1977). Current vegetation is dominated by second-growth redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D.
Don) Endl.) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) with some associated western
hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl.). The mean stand
density based on cruise data from subwatersheds JOH, KJE and LAN was 321 stems/ha having a mean
DBH of 61 cm. The distribution between species was: redwood 207 stems/ha, 56 cm DBH; Doug fir 86
stems/ha, 66 cm DBH; and grand fir/western hemlock 27 stems/ha, 56 cm DBH. Precut timber volume at
the onset of this study was estimated at about 700 m3/ha (Krammes and Burns, 1973).
Solid-Phase Soil Analyses
Sites for six soil pits were randomly selected within a clearcut (KJE) and reference (MUN) watershed
using a quadrant map of the study area. Soil pits (1.5 x 0.5 x 1-1.2 m; L x W x D) were excavated by
hand to a depth corresponding to the limit of the major rooting zone (BC horizon; 100-120 cm). The
saprolitic parent material below this depth was unconsolidated, and a few roots were observed to
penetrate several meters into this material as revealed in nearby roadcuts. Each pedon was described and
bulk soil samples and clods for bulk density measurements were collected from across the entire 1.5-m
pit face for each morphological horizon. All soil samples were collected during the month of September
(1992) when the soil was at its driest moisture content of the year.
Soil samples were air-dried, gently crushed, and passed through a 2-mm sieve; roots passing through the
sieve were removed with a forceps. The air-dried,<2mm soil was used for the analyses which
8
The clay-size fraction (<2µm) was isolated by sedimentation after organic matter removal with follow,
unless otherwise noted. Soil pH was measured potentiometrically in water (1:2, soil:water) following a 15 min
equilibration period. Canon exchange capacity and exchangeable cations were measured using 1 M NH4OAc
(pH=7) (Soil Survey Staff, 1984). Bulk density was determined by the paraffin-coated clod method using three
replicate clods per horizon (Soil Survey Staff, 1984). Organic carbon and nitrogen were determined on
ground samples (<250µm) by dry combustion with a C/N analyzer. Total digestible phosphorus was measured
using a modified Kjeldahl digestion with phosphorus quantification by ICP (Parkinson and Allen, 1975). An index
of plant-available phosphorus was determined using the Bray No. 2 extraction (Olsen and Sommers, 1982). sodium
hypochlorite, free iron oxide removal with citrate-dithionite, and dispersion by sonication treatment for 5 min. The
clay fraction was collected by sedimentation and desalted by rinsing with distilled water. X-ray diffraction was
performed on oriented clays using the methods outlined by Whittig and Allardice (1986). Diffractograms were made
on a Diano 8000 X-ray diffractometer using Cu Ka radiation generated with 50 kV accelerating potential and 15 mA
tube current. Samples were step scanned for 1 s at a 0.04 degree 20 step. Soil nutrient pools were calculated for each
soil profile (n=6) by summing the nutrient content of all horizons within the major rooting zone. Nutrient
concentrations for each horizon were determined from the nutrient concentration in the <2 mm fraction, mean
horizon thickness, and bulk density of each horizon with a correction for the coarse fragment (>2 mm) volume.
Collection and Analysis of Ecosystem Waterflows
The chemistry of ecosystem waterflows along the hydrologic cycle (e.g., precipitation, canopy
throughfall, soil solution, pipeflow (macropore flow), and streamflow) was used to compare nutrient
cycling in clearcut (KJE) and reference (MUN) watersheds. Precipitation, canopy throughfall, and soil
solutions were analyzed for three water years commencing October 1, 1993 and ending September 30,
1996. Precipitation, canopy throughfall, and soil solutions were collected and analyzed on an
approximately monthly basis during the rainy season (November-May) and on an event basis as
necessary outside of the rainy season. Bulk precipitation was collected from duplicate sites within the
clearcut watershed (KJE). Bulk precipitation collectors are effective in capturing the wetfall component
but have been shown to only partially capture the dryfall (particulate and gases) relative to the collection
efficiency of a forest canopy. Thus, bulk precipitation fluxes probably underestimate the total
atmospheric deposition to a forest ecosystem. Throughfall was collected in triplicate from beneath the
canopy of redwood and Doug fir in the area adjacent to the soil solution collection sites in the reference
watershed (MUN). Precipitation and throughfall collectors consisted of a 4 L polyethylene bottle
containing a 15 cm diameter funnel with teflon wool inserted in the neck to act as a coarse filter.
In situ soil solutions were collected from three of the six soil pits excavated in the clearcut and reference
watersheds using zero-tension lysimeters. Lysimeters consisted of open-topped polyethylene
containers (15 x 10 x 4 cm; L x W x D) filled with acid-washed quartz sand (Driscoll et a1.,
1988). This container was connected to a buried 2 L polyethylene bottle which was evacuated
9
using a vacuum pump and flask. Zero-tension lysimeters were placed in duplicate at the 20 and 40 cm
depths along with a single collector at the 60 cm depth. Lysimeters were installed by tunneling from
below and from the side of the excavated soil pit to the desired depth. This installation technique
minimizes disturbance to the soil fabric and rooting system overlying the lysimeter. Lysimeters were
installed one year before soil solutions were collected for chemical analysis. This equilibration period
minimizes the potential for artifacts due to disturbance from lysimeter installation.
Stream water samples were collected from a series of subwatersheds and from selected sites along the
main channel of the North Fork of Caspar Creek. Samples from individual headwater catchments were
examined to evaluate the effects of specific timber harvest practices on stream water solute
concentrations. Solute concentrations from subwatersheds receiving various combinations of forest
harvest practices (e.g., clearcutting, burning, and herbicide treatment) were compared to reference
watersheds having no disturbance. Figure 3 shows the sampling locations within the North Fork Caspar
Creek watershed and the completion date of felling activities within each watershed. For more detailed
information on harvest and post-harvest management activities, contact the USDA Forest Service,
Redwood Sciences Laboratory, Arcata, CA. Additionally, samples were collected along the main channel
of the North Fork to determine the magnitude and persistence of the cumulative effects of timber harvest
practices within the larger watershed.
Grab samples were collected biweekly (rainy season) to monthly (non-rainy season) from eight
subwatersheds (BAN,CAR,EAG,GIB,HEN,IVE,KJE,MUN) and five sites (ARF,DOL,FLY,JOH, LAN)
along higher order segments of the North Fork (Fig. 3). All stream water samples were collected at
stream gauging stations and stream stage (discharge) was recorded for each water sample. Water
sampling commenced in March 1991 and continued through June 1996. In addition to the regular grab
sample protocol, automatic pumping samplers were used to intensively collect water samples during
storm events from selected headwater catchments. In particular, the clearcut catchment (KJE) and the
reference catchment (MUN) were sampled intensively during storm events for five water years
(1991-96). The autosamplers were programmed to collect storm samples using a stage-activated,
even-interval timed sampling (1 hour interval). Pipeflow was also collected in the clearcut (KJE) and
reference (MUN) subwatersheds (see Fig. 3) using a stage-activated, even-interval timed sampling
protocol for the 1991-96 water years. All stream water and pipeflow samples were collected by the
U.S.D.A. Forest Service/Jackson State Forest, Caspar Creek Research Team.
Prior to chemical analyses, all ecosystem waterflows were filtered through a 0.2 µm membrane filter.
The pH was measured potentiometrically using a combination electrode. Cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na, NH4)
and anions (Cl, NO3, ortho-PO4, SO4) were determined by ion chromatography (Dionex). Dissolved
organic and inorganic carbon were determined on selected samples using a Dohrmann carbon analyzer.
Alkalinity was determined on selected samples by titration to an endpoint of pH=4.5 to estimate
concentrations of bicarbonate. The dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations and HCO3 concentrations
determined from alkalinity titrations verified that we could acceptably estimate HCO3 concentrations as
the difference between the sum of cation and anion charge (<5% error). Silicon concentrations were
measured using ICP spectroscopy.
10
Fig. 3. Watershed map indicating the location of the individual subwatersheds within the North Fork of Caspar Creek.
Letters indicate location of stream water sampling sites, triangles the location of piping water samples, and years
indicate the year in which the felling activity was completed in the clearcut watersheds. For more detailed
information on harvest and post harvest management activities, contact the USDA Forest Service, Redwood
Sciences Laboratory, Arcata, CA.
During the 1994-95 water year, water samples from three storm events were bulked to provide
approximately a 20 L sample for isolation of the suspended fraction (>0.4 µm). Sufficient
suspended sediment was obtained for complete chemical analysis from all three events in the clearcut
watershed (KJE), but from only one storm event (January) in the reference catchment (MUN). Carbon and
nitrogen concentrations were determined by dry combustion using a C/N analyzer. Concentrations of Al,
Si, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Na and P were quantified as follows: fusion with lithium metaborate, dissolution in
nitric acid, and quantification using ICP spectroscopy.
Nutrient Analysis in Biomass
Nutrient pools in biomass were determined for the regenerating redwood spouts in the clearcut watershed
(KJE) and for the redwood/Doug fir stand in the reference watershed (MUN). A total of ten randomly
selected 10 x 10 m plots were selected within the clearcut watershed to quantify total above-ground
biomass production six years following harvest (November, 1995). All shoots and their diameters were
recorded within each plot for the stump sprouting redwoods. To develop allometric relationships for the
redwood sprouts, 10 individual stems spanning the range of diameter classes (0.76-7.6 cm) were
destructively sampled. Biomass from each sample was divided into eight categories: foliage, twigs (<2
mm), and five branch size classes (2-5 mm, 5-10 mm, 10-20 mm, 20-50 mm, 50-100 mm, and >100 mm).
The weight of each category was recorded following drying at 70° C. Biomass from the individual
categories of each tree was then ground (<2-mm) and digested for nutrient analysis.
Nutrient pools in the second growth forest of the reference watershed were estimated by sampling various
biomass components from four replicates each of redwood and Doug fir. Foliage and branch samples
were obtained from the mid-point of the upper, middle and lower one-third portions of each tree canopy
by climbing the tree. For each tree, all branch and foliage samples at each canopy position were
separately processed and chemically analyzed. Foliage and associated foliage bearing branches were
further separated into age classes (current, 1, 2, and 3 year old foliage). Larger branch segments were
separated by diameter classes as follows: <0.5, 0.5-1, l-2, 2-5 and >5 cm. Individual root samples from
each tree were obtained by excavating at the base of each tree, with sample collection occurring one
meter away from the tree base in the Oi/Oa and A horizons. Root samples from three excavated lateral
roots were composited by diameter class: <1, 1-2, 2-5, 5-10 and >10 mm. Stemwood and bark were
collected by coring individual trees at breast height (1.4 m).
Chemical analyses of biomass samples were conducted on dried (70° C) and ground (<2 mm) tissue
samples. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations were determined by dry combustion using a C/N analyzer.
Other nutrient concentrations were determined following digestion of 0.4 g of tissue in 5 mL of
concentrated nitric acid. Samples were heated at 150° C for a minimum of 3 h, after which time the
temperature was reduced to 100° C and samples were taken to dryness. Subsequently, samples were
brought up to a 50 mL volume with 1 M nitric acid. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Fe, P, Zn, S, Mn, Cu
and A1 were determined in extracts by ICP spectroscopy. Percent element recovery was determined from
analysis of National Bureau of Standard's reference materials. Mean recovery and standard deviations (n=
8) were: C = 96.4±1.6%, N = 95.2±2.3%, P = 89.2±3.7%, K = 97.8±5.8, Ca = 87.6±4.7%, Fe =
86.7±6.6%, Mn = 80.5±3.8%, and Cu = 83±8.6%.
12
Nutrient pools in biomass of the second growth redwood/Doug fir forest were determined from stand
density, allometric relationships obtained from Gholz et al. (1979), and nutrient concentrations determined
from the preceding analyses. Root biomass in the reference watershed and following harvest in the
clearcut watershed was estimated from the data of Ziemer and Lewis (unpublished data) obtained from a
comparable forest stand in northern California. Due to several assumptions that are required for these
calculations, it must be stressed that the biomass nutrient pools are our best estimates rather than a
precisely measured value.
Statistical Analyses
Differences between solid-phase soil properties, soil solution solute concentrations and biomass nutrient
concentrations were tested using appropriate statistical methods (e.g., t-test, ANOVA). All statistical
analyses were performed using SYSTAT for Windows, Version 5 (SYSTAT Inc., Evanston, IL).
13
Results and Discussion
Soils and Soil Properties
The USDA-SCS soil mapping of the watersheds in the North Fork of Caspar Creek showed the following
soil distribution:
Upper slopes of the watershed (about 49% of watershed)
Vandamme loam: fine, mixed, isomesic Typic Haplohumults
Lower and middle slopes of the watershed (about 48% of watershed)
Irmulco loam: fine-loamy, mixed, isomesic Ultic Hapludalfs
Tramway loam: fine-loamy, mixed, isomesic Ultic Hapludalfs
Adjacent to stream channel in lower portions of the watershed (about 3% of watershed)
Dehaven-Hotel loam complex: loamy-skeletal, mixed, isomesic Mollic/Ultic Hapludalfs
A typical pedon description for a soil in the reference watershed (MUN) is shown in Table 1. These soils
contain a thick argillic horizon (Btl, Bt2, Bt3) that contains 30 - 45% clay. Roots were concentrated in the
A and AB horizons with a lower abundance of roots in the dense argillic horizon. Road cut exposures
showed that some roots extend to a depth of several meters into the saprolitic parent material. Bulk
density for the Oi/Oa, A, AB, and Bt horizons were 0.19, 0.75, 1.32 and 1.57 g/cm3, respectively. Clay
mineralogy was dominated by randomly interstratified chlorite-vermiculite in the A, AB and Btl horizons
and randomly interstratified chlorite-vermiculite/smectite at depth. The abundance of smectite in the
randomly interstratified complex increased with increasing depth. A minor component of kaolinite was
found throughout the entire soil profile.
A comparison of selected solid-phase soil properties between the reference and clearcut watersheds is
shown in Table 2. The soils in the reference watershed were moderately acid (pH range 5.4 to 6.3) and
displayed a general pH decrease with increasing depth (Table 2). Organic C and total N concentrations
were highest in the A and AB horizons and decreased with depth. The C/N molar ratio in the Oi/Oa litter
layer was 91 compared to a range of 26 to 14 in the mineral soil horizons. Acid digestible P
concentrations showed a similar distribution to that of organic C and total N while available P
concentrations showed a large decrease in the B horizons (<3.3 mg/kg). The cation exchange capacity of
the mineral soil horizons fell within the range 14 to 27 cmolc/kg with base saturation values in the range
50 to 63%. The abundance of exchangeable cations followed: Ca > Mg » K ~~ Na.
The effects of clearcutting on solid-phase soil properties are most readily observed in the upper soil
horizons where biological influences and physical disturbance factors are greatest. There were only a few
statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between soil properties in the reference and clearcut
watersheds (Table 2). One important difference between the two watersheds was the loss of the litter
layer (Oi/Oa) from the clearcut watershed within three years of the harvest. An Oi/Oa
14
Table 1. Soil profile description for a representative soil profile in the clearcut (KJE) and reference (MUN) catchments of the
North Fork, Caspar Creek watershed:
Horizon
Depth
(cm)
Oi
A
AB
Btl
Bt2
BO
BC
3-O†
0-12
12-29
29-60
60-85
85-121
>121
†
Color
(moist)
10YR 3/3
7.5YR 3/4
7.5YR 4/6
7.5YR 5/6
7.5YR 5/6
7.5YR 5/8
Texture
1
cl
c
cl
cl
scl
Structure
2 f-m sbk
2 m sbk
2 m sbk
2 co sbk
2 co sbk
M
Consistence
sh fr so po
h fr ss ps
vh fr s p
vh fr s p
vh fr ss ps
Roots
Boundary
3vf, 3f, 2m, lco
2vf, 3f, 2m, 2co
2vf, 2f, 2m, 2co
2vf, lf, lm, l co
lvf, lf, lm, lco
1f, 1m, 1co
cw
cs
cs
gs
dw
>2 mm
(%)
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
No O horizons are found in the clearcut catchment.
Abbreviations:
Texture: scl-sandy clay loam; l-loam; cl-clay loam; c-clay
Structure: 2-moderate; f-fine; m-medium; c-coarse; sbk-subangular blocky; M-massive
Boundary: c-clear; g-gradual; d-diffuse; s-smooth; w-wavy
Consistence: (Dry) sh-slightly hard; h-hard; vh-very hard; (Moist) fr-friable; (Wet) so-nonsticky; ss-slightly sticky;
s-sticky; po-nonplastic; ps-slightly plastic; p-plastic
Roots: 1-few; 2-common; 3-many; vf-very fine; f-fine; m-medium; co-coarse
Table 2. Selected soil characterization data from the reference (Ref) watershed (MUN) and the clearcut (CC) watershed (KJE). Values represent the mean with
the standard deviation in parenthesis.
Oi/Oa
Parameter
pH
A
AB
Organic carbon
(mg/kg)
Nitrogen
(mg/kg)
C/N
(molar ratio)
Total P
(mg/kg)
Available P
(mg/kg)
CEC
(cmolc/kg)
Exch. Ca
(cmolc/kg)
Exch. Mg
(cmolc/kg)
Exch. K
(cmolc/kg)
Exch. Na
(cmolc/kg)
Base saturation
Ref
5.51
(.18)
441
(21)
5.67
(.45)
91.4
10.1
1207
134
127.0
35.6
144.7
5.5
30.9
2.3
10.2
1.2
2.27
.38
1.13
(.26)
30.8
Ref
6.25*
(.12)
42.3
(10.8)
1.90
(.28)
25.9
4.7
517
94
24.2
14.5
27.1
3.1)
12.5
2.0
2.9
.7
0.77*
.22
0.40*
(.09)
61.2*
CC
6.07*
(.14)
47.7
(19.2)
2.14
(.80)
26.0
5.2
534
135
12.7
9.1
26.6
7.6
15.4
6.2
3.2
.8
1.33*
.48
0.22*
(.04)
74.1 *
Ref
6.30*
(.10)
21.9
(4.8)
1.25
(.26)
20.5
1.4
362
54
7.3
8.6
20.6*
2.4
7.5
1.6
1.8
.4
0.50
.19
0.42*
(.08)
48.9*
(percent)
(2.6)
(7.5)
(6.9)
(6.4)
,
Bt1
CC
5.82*
(.37)
18.0
(7.3)
0.96
(.37)
21.9
5.1
333
60
4.5
6.7
13.9*
4.3
8.3
3.3
2.7*
.8
0.65
.27
0.22*
(.04)
84.8*
Ref
6.08
(.17)
7.9
(2.3)
0.53*
(.17)
17.5*
.7
266*
21
3.3
3.5
14.3
2.8
6.0
.8
2.1*
.5)
0.50
.09
0.45*
(.08)
65.5
(9.5)
(15.6)
*Means are significantly different between reference and clearcut watershed at p<0.05.
.
Bt2
Bt3
CC
5.91
(.26)
7.4
(1.6)
0.69*
(.12)
12.9*
3.9
207*
(39 '
1.5
.8
10.9
(3.0
5.0
1.4
2.5
.6
0.50
.18
0.23*
(.05)
77.7
Ref
5.77
(.26)
6.0
(.7)
0.47
(.05)
14.9
1.5
189*
24
2.0
1.5
19.1
5.2
7.0*
(2.8
3.1
(1.3
0.47
.12
0.45*
(.11)
56.5
CC
5.67
(.31)
5.3
(1.5)
0.55
(.16)
11.6
3.6
149*
28
1.2
.4
12.7
6.7
3.8*
1.0
3.3
.9
0.43
.18
0.30*
(.0.6)
74.4
Ref
5.32
(.16)
4.6
(1.8)
0.39
(.11)
118
4.0
138*
21
1.0
.1
21.6
5.1
6.3*
2.5
4.2
1.3
0 40
.11
0.50*
(.09)
52.9
CC
5.36
(.36)
4.2
(2.7)
0.49
(.25)
11.8
5.8
112*
7
1.0
.1
14.4
6.9
3.3*
1.5
3.6
.9
0.40
.13
0.28*
(.12)
63.9
(14.4)
(8.7)
29.1
13.3
29.6
layer with a thickness of 1-3 cm is found on all soils within the reference watershed. The loss of this layer
in the clearcut watershed is due primarily to decomposition, but also results from mixing with the mineral
soil and redistribution during logging. Another possible factor was enhanced erosion of the litter layer due
to removal of the forest canopy and decreased infiltration related to soil compaction.
Soil pH was lower in the A and AB horizons of the clearcut watershed. This acidification may result from
enhanced decomposition, mineralization and nitrification in the surface soil horizons following harvest
(Dahlgren and Driscoll, 1994). Organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations were slightly higher (but not
significantly different) in the A horizon of the clearcut watershed possibly indicating a mixing with the
former litter layer. Total P concentrations were higher in the B horizons of the reference watershed which
is most likely associated with spatial variability of soils on the landscape rather than differences
associated with clearcutting. Exchangeable sodium concentrations were consistently higher in all mineral
soil horizons of the reference watershed suggesting enhanced inputs of sea salts associated with canopy
capture of dry deposition (aerosols and particulate matter) and fog/cloud deposition (Parfitt et al., 1997).
Nutrient pools contained within the primary rooting zone (upper 100-120 cm) are shown as a function of
soil horizon for the reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds in Figure 4. The only significant
difference between the reference and clearcut watershed was a larger pool of exchangeable Na in the
reference watershed. The soils store a very large pool of organic carbon (~ 170 Mg/ha), primarily in the A
and AB horizons. The loss of the Oi/Oa horizon from the clearcut watershed appears to be compensated
for by an increase in organic C in the A horizon. This could reflect the mixing of the litter layer with the
mineral soil during harvest activities. The soils similarly store large concentrations of total N (>9 Mg/ha);
however, this N pool is not readily available to the vegetation until mineralization releases the nitrogen
from the soil organic matter (Fig. 1). Because the soil N pool is so large (10,000 kg/ha), even an
appreciable decrease of say 100 kg/ha following clearcutting can not be detected by solid-phase analysis.
However, the leaching loss of even a few kg/ha can be easily detected in stream water chemistry. Thus,
the analysis of ecosystem waterflows is a far more powerful approach for detecting treatment effects due
to ecosystem disturbance. The pool of total P is distributed relatively uniformly throughout the soil profile
while the available P pool is located primarily in the upper soil horizons. The pool of available P is on the
order of 1-2% of the total P pool. Mycorrhizae fungi associated with the rooting system of the vegetation
may be able to liberate P in excess of that held in the available P pool. The pool size associated with the
exchangeable cations follows: Ca (18 Mg/ha) > Mg (5 Mg/ha) > K (3 Mg/ha) > Na (1 Mg/ha). This
distribution is dictated by the competitive affinity of each cation for the cation exchange sites.
In summary, the only consistent trends in solid-phase soil properties that may be attributed to clearcutting
are moderate soil acidification in the A and AB horizons, a decrease in exchangeable Na concentrations,
and the loss of the Oi/Oa litter layer in the clearcut watershed.
17
Fig. 4.
Nutrient pools in soils of the reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds three years following
completion of the harvest. The individual segments of each bar indicate the amount contained within
individual soil horizons. Error bar indicates SEM and the only significant difference (p<0.05) between
watersheds was for exchangeable sodium.
18
Biomass Nutrient Concentrations and Pools
Clearcut watershed (KJE)
The number and size distribution of stump sprouting redwoods in watershed ME six years after harvest
was determined from an inventory of ten 10 x 10 m plots. This inventory showed 5020±1970 stem/ha
(mean±std. dev.; range = 2600 - 8300 stems/ha) having a DBH of 2.59±0.71 cm (mean±std. dev.). The
DBH of the stump sprouts ranged from <1 to 10 cm. The diameter distribution shows that the majority of
the stems have DBH values < 3 cm with far fewer stems in the larger diameter classes (Fig. 5). Within a
cluster of stems surrounding a given stump, there were generally 1 to 4 dominant stems with DBH values
greater than about 6 cm.
Allometric relationships were determined for redwood stump sprouts based on the harvest of 10
individual trees with DBH values ranging between 0.76 and 7.6 cm (Fig. 6 & Table 2). Strong (r2 > 0.98)
and significant (p < 0.001) relationships were indicated for foliage, twigs (<0.2 cm) and total branches
(0.2 - 10 cm) as a function of DBH. The relationship between DBH and branches became weaker when
the larger (> 1 cm) branch diameter classes were regressed individually rather than as a summation of all
branch diameter classes (Table 2b).
Nutrient concentrations for foliage, twigs (<0.2 cm) and the various diameter-size classes of branches are
shown in Table 3. The highest concentrations of nutrients were generally found in the foliage with
somewhat lower concentrations in the twigs. Nutrient concentrations in the branches generally showed a
progressive decrease with increasing branch diameter. The C/N ratio was 54, 80 and 190-1431 for the
foliage, twigs, and various branch components, respectively. Nutrient concentrations within the redwood
sprouts were similar to those found in the 80-year old second growth in the adjacent reference watershed
(MUN; to be discussed latter). No obvious nutrient deficiencies were indicated based on the foliar nutrient
concentrations.
The nutrient concentrations within individual tree components were combined with the total biomass of
each component obtained by the allometric relationships and redwood stump sprout inventory to estimate
the nutrient pools contained within the redwood sprouts (Table 4). Data for live-root biomass was
estimated from the unpublished data of Ziemer and Lewis who examined rooting biomass in similar
ecosystems as a function of time since harvest (Table 5). They found that redwood live roots in the <25
mm diameter-size class reached a minimum between 5 and 11 years after harvest. Approximately 63 and
93% of the 0-10 and >10 mm redwood roots died within six years after harvest. The existence of this
large rooting mass gives the stump sprouting redwoods a tremendous advantage in establishing
dominance following harvest. In contrast, the entire pool of roots from Doug fir and other minor conifer
species died following harvest.
Total carbon storage in the above-ground biomass of the six-year-old redwood stump spouts was 7.8
Mg/ha (Table 4). Assuming an average carbon content of 50% for biomass, there was over 15 Mg/ha (dry
weight) of above-ground biomass contained within the redwood sprouts six years following harvest.
Based on the estimated carbon pools, the ratio of above-ground to below-ground living biomass in the
regenerating redwood was about 3:1 (Table 4). This is a rapid accumulation of
19
Diameter Distribution
100
20
80
16
60
12
40
8
20
4
0
0
0
2
4
6
8
Diameter Class (cm)
Fig. 5.
The diameter distribution at breast-height for redwood stump sprouts six years
following harvest (1989 > 1995) in the clearcut watershed (KJE).
20
Allometric Relations for Redwood Sprouts
Diameter at Breast Height (cm)
Fig. 6.
Allometric relationships for various biomass components of redwood stump sprouts
as a function of stem diameter at breast height.
21
Table 2b. Allometric relationships based on diameter at breast height for foliage, twigs, and
various size branch components.
r2
Equation (units = grams and cm)
Significance
log (Foliage) = 1.690 log (D) + 2.050
0.99 p<0.001
log (Twigs, <0.2 cm) = 1.449 log (D) + 1.784
0.98 p<0.001
log (Branches-Total = 2.125 log (D) + 2.214
0.98 p<0.001
log (Branches, 0.2-2 cm = 1.586 log (D) + 2.091
0.92 p<0.001
log (Branch, 0.2-0.5 cm) = 1.443 log (D) + 1.528
0.89 p<0.001
log (Branch, 0.5-1 cm = 1.727 log (D) + 1.500
0.92 p<0.001
log (Branch, 1-2 cm) = 1.308 log (D) + 1.771
0.50 p=0.021
log Branch, 2-5 cm = 0.516 log (D) + 2.589
0.28 p=0.176
log (Branch, 5-10 cm) = 2.632 log (D) + 1.459
0.71 p=0.075
22
Table 3. Nutrient concentrations in six-year-old, stump sprouting redwoods growing in the clearcut watershed (KJE).
Element/
Foliage
Twigs
Branch
Branch
Branch
Branch
Component
(n= 7)
(n=7)
(0.2-0.5 cm)
(0.5-1 cm)
(1-2 cm)
(2-5 cm)
(n=7)
(n=7)
(n=7)
(n=5)
N
11600a
7630b
3310c
2340cd
2190cd
1220d
C
521400a
513760ab
501810ab
498100b
509370ab
496660b
Ca
7253a
5381b
3647c
2805c
2509cd
1613d
Mg
1788a
1330a
581b
390b
456b
276b
K
9444ab
12413a
6007bc
3170c
3936c
2006c
P
1958a
1992a
733b
412b
541b
301b
S
942a
676b
341c
250c
298c
201c
Fe
95.1ab
53.7ab
18.9a
25.3a
61.2ab
107ab
Zn
31.4a
33.3a
17.2b
12.3b
10.4bc
9.0c
Mn
385a
185b
88.9c
56.2c
57.9c
44.5c
Cu
3.0a
1.4a
2.7a
2.0a
3.0a
2.3a
Al
105ab
87.6ab
24.9a
19.0a
60.7ab
101ab
C/N
53.5a
79.9ab
190b
259c
282c
507d
C/P
725a
699a
1961ab
3352bc
3179b
5397cd
C/S
1505a
2068a
4106ab
5458bc
5157bc
7636c
Branch
(5-10 cm)
(n=3)
1100d
499730ab
1614cd
319b
1512c
216b
185c
173b
8.1c
38.6c
2.9a
196b
554d
6092d
7579c
Branch
(10-20 cm)
(n=1)
400
466000
1205
353
1248
209
232
344
6.9
17.4
3.2
269
1431
5757
5367
Values in each column followed by the same lower case letter are not significantly different when comparing a given nutrient between biomass component.
Table 4. Nutrient pools in the above-ground components and live roots of redwood stump sprouts
in the clearcut watershed (KJE) six years after harvest. Live root biomass was estimated
from the unpublished data of Ziemer and Lewis.
Element
N
C
Ca
Mg
K
P
S
Fe
Zn
Mn
Cu
Foliage
Twigs
(<0.2 cm)
Branches
(0.2 - 2 cm)
Total
Roots
Aboveground
---------------------------------------- k a------------------------------------------42.6
10.8
9.1
7.6
70.0
15.6
1914
726
1746
3443
7829
2660
26.6
7.60
10.4
10.9
55.5
36.6
6.56
1.88
1.65
2.08
12.2
4.19
35.6
17.5
15.2
12.2
79.7
11.4
7.19
2.81
1.95
1.83
13.8
3.31
3.46
0.95
1.03
1.39
6.83
3.48
0.35
0.08
0.12
1.08
1.63
4.44
0.12
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.27
0.10
1.41
0.26
0.24
0.28
2.18
1.56
0.011
0.002
0.009
0.018
0.04
0.03
24
Branches
(2 - 20 cm)
Table 5. Estimated live-root biomass in the second growth reference watershed
(MUN) and the clearcut watershed (KJE) six years following harvest. Root
biomass was estimated from the unpublished data of Ziemer and Lewis.
Reference watershed
Clearcut watershed
Root size-class
Redwood
Doug fir
Redwood
Doug fir
------------------------------ kg/ha -----------------------------<1 mm
898
193
321
1-2 mm
2645
575
944
2-5 mm
1797
1860
642
5-10 mm
1298
2391
480
>10 mm
43275
28191
3116
Total roots
49913
33210
5503
-
25
biomass following a clearcut which is largely the result of the rapid regrowth associated with regeneration
from stump sprouting versus establishment from seed. The large intact rooting system can acquire an
abundance of nutrients and water to support regrowth. Also important in this rapid regrowth is the
immobilization of potentially mobile nutrients into the above-ground biomass following clearcutting. The
accumulation of 70, 56, 12, 80, 14 and 7 kg/ha of N, Ca, Mg, K, P and S, respectively, attenuates leaching
of these nutrients following the clearcut (Table 4). The warmer and moister soil conditions combined with
higher organic matter concentrations from logging slash following clearcutting can result in higher
decomposition, mineralization and leaching. Thus, rapid immobilization of nutrients by the aggrading
redwood forest will have a strong influence on nutrient dynamics and leaching following harvest in these
ecosystems.
Reference watershed (MUN)
The goal of most forest management plans is to assure long-term sustainability of forest ecosystems.
From a nutrient cycling perspective, long-term sustainability can only be maintained if nutrient inputs (e.
g., atmospheric deposition, nitrogen fixation and rock weathering) equal or exceed nutrient losses (e.g.,
removal by harvest, stream export of suspended sediment and dissolved nutrients). To address the
sustainability issue, nutrient pools within the reference watershed were determined and used to estimate
the amount of nutrients lost by biomass removal during harvest.
Nutrient concentrations in the foliage, twigs, branches, wood, bark and roots were determined for the two
dominant tree species (redwood and Doug fir) in the reference watershed (MUN) (Tables 6-10). A
between species comparison of nutrient concentrations in foliage shows generally higher concentrations
of N, P, S, K and Fe in Doug fir while redwood had higher concentrations of Ca and Mg (Table 6).
Foliage bearing twigs for redwood and Doug fir had similar concentrations for most nutrients; however,
concentrations of Ca and Mg were once again higher in the redwood (Table 7). Nutrient concentrations in
the bark and wood were similar between species, while the Doug fir had higher concentrations of P, K
and Mn in most size classes of the branches (Tables 8 & 9). There were no consistent differences in
nutrient concentrations between species for any of the root size classes (Table 10). These nutrient data
suggest that Doug fir will have a somewhat higher demand for N, P and K compared to redwood growing
within the same stand.
Ecosystem level nutrient pools were calculated using allometric relationships from the literature, data on
root biomass from Ziemer and Lewis (unpublished; Table 5), the stand density data for redwood and
Doug fir from the adjacent watershed (KJE; redwood = 201 stems/ha; Doug fir = 97 stems/ha), and the
nutrient concentrations discussed above. Because no allometric relationships were available for
above-ground biomass in redwood, we used the Doug fir allometric relationships for the redwood. This
extrapolation will introduce a potential error into the estimates for the redwood above-ground nutrient
estimates; however, this error will most likely be on the order of <20%. The lack of above-ground
allometric relationships for redwood should not significantly affect overall conclusions.
26
Table 6. Mean (±SEM) element concentrations and C/N ratio of foliage by age class for the second-growth Doug fir and redwood stand in watershed
MUN.
Species
Age
Class
C
N
--------- g kg –1 -----------Doug fir
Current
1 Year
2 Year
3 Year
Redwood
Current
1 Year
2 Year
3 Year
528aA
(5)
531aA
(3)
527aA
(4)
521aA
(4)
521aA
(3)
515aB
(3)
522aA
(3)
525aA
(2)
11.2aA
(0.5)
13.7bA
(0.4)
13.1bA
(0.7)
12.4abA
(0.6)
12.OaA
(0.4)
11.ObB
(0.3)
10.2bB
(0.3)
9.OcB
(0.3)
C/N
mg kg –1
56aA
(2)
46aA
(1)
50aA
(5)
50aA
(3)
51aA
(2)
55aB
(1)
60bA
(2)
69cB
(3)
P
ratio
1640aA
(90)
2180bA
(150)
2350bA
(170)
2160bA
(150)
1630aA
(70)
1300bB
(110)
1190bB '.
(110)
1050bB
(110)
S
K
Ca
Mg
Fe
Zn
Mn
Cu
----------------------------------------------------------------- mg kg -1 ----------------------------------------------860aA
(50)
1110bA
(60)
1130bA
(60)
1200bA
(80)
1040aB
(40)
970aA
(40)
930aB
(70)
950aB
(40)
9120aA
(470)
8140abA
(530)
7500bcA
(480)
6610cA
(480)
7530aA
(670)
5470bB
(550)
5240bB
(430)
4710bB
(360)
302OaA
(170)
5610bA
(270)
7230cA
(340)
9240dA
(680)
7350aB
(300)
8980bB
(280)
9850bcB
(360)
10450cA
(310)
1320aA
(90)
1490aA
(130)
1470aA
(150)
1460aA
(180)
2240aB
(100)
2150aB
(170)
2140aB
(190)
2170aB
(200)
83.6aA
(6.9)
85.5aA
(4.0)
99.2aA
(6.7)
83.7aA
(7.3)
57.5aB
(2.9)
72.3aA
(9.6)
69.1aB
(9.4)
63.9aB
(5.1)
12.2aA
(1.2)
12.7aA
(1.2)
13.7aA
(1.1)
15.8aA
(1.4)
19.8aB
(1.2)
12.9bA
(1.0)
12.6bA
(1.3)
14.ObA
(1.6)
334aA
(4.6)
530abA
(83)
615abA
(93)
655bA
(104)
397aA
(46)
425aA
(47)
332abB
(56)
204bB
(38)
Values in each column followed by the same lower case letter are not significantly different when comparing between age classes within each species (ANOVA with Fisher's least
significant difference test, p<0.05). Values in each column followed by the same upper case letter are not significantly different when comparing similar age classes between the two
species (t-test, p<0.05).
3.4aA
(0.5)
2.4aA
(0.3)
2.6aA
(0.4)
3.laA
(0.5)
2.3aB
(0.2)
2.laA
(0.2)
1.7aA
(0.3)
1.9aB
(0.2)
Table 7. Mean (±SEM) element concentrations and C/N ratio of foliage bearing twigs by age class for the second-growth Doug fir and
redwood stand in watershed MUN.
Species
Doug fir
Age
Class
Current
1 Year
2 Year
3 Year
Redwood
Current
1 Year
2 Year
3 Year
C
N
C/N
g kg-1
mg kg-1
ratio
569aA
(9)
528aA
(5)
522aA
(4)
515aA
(3)
511aB
(3)
515aB
(4)
508aB
(3)
508aA
(2)
8730aA
(450)
7180bA
(210)
7190bA
(600)
5510cA
(210)
9150aA
(290)
6750bA
(190)
5280cB
(220)
3740dB
(210)
73aA
(3)
87bA
(2)
89bA
(5)
111cA
(4)
66aA
(2)
90bA
(2)
115cB
(5)
164dB
(7)
P
S
K
Ca
Mg
Fe
Zn
Mn
Cu
------------------------------------------------------------------- mg kg -1------------------------------------------------------------1370aA
(80)
1090bA
(80)
940bcA
(60)
820cA
(50)
1910aB
(80)
1430bB
(70)
890cA
(70)
600dB
(30)
680aA
(40)
650aA
(20)
610abA
(30)
560bA
(20)
860aB
(40)
720bA
(30)
570cA
(20)
490dB
(10)
6220aA
(200)
5520bA
(240)
4810cA
(230)
4300cA
(280)
9170aB
(770)
6390bA
(560)
4890cA
(320)
3570cB
(120)
4430aA
(240)
5870bA
(240)
6490bA
(260)
6540bA
(310)
7370aB
(280)
8250bB
(250)
8550bB
(240)
8520bB
(290)
1600aA
(70)
900bA
(50)
800bcA
(40)
740cA
(40)
1890aA
(120)
1690aB
(160)
1310bB
(110)
1070bB
(130)
58.1aA
(6.7)
80.2aA
(5.4)
83.laA
(11.2)
90.5aA
(16.7)
70.OaA
(11.5)
85.laA
(12.6)
62.4abA
(6.6)
42.1bB
(3.6)
34.laA
(3.4)
40.9aA
(3.2)
39.8aA
(2.7)
36.8aA
(2.2)
19.9aB
(1.2)
19.7aB
(1.8)
20.9aB
(1.9)
20.1aB
(2.3)
248aA
(10)
260aA
(12)
251aA
(13)
227aA
(14)
256aA
(31)
233abA
(32)
157bcB
(25)
111cB
(17)
8.OaA
(1.0)
7.2aA
(1.1)
7.OaA
(1.2)
6.7aA
(1.1)
2.2aB
(0.2)
1.8aB
(0.3)
2.3aB
(0.7)
2.OaB
(0.3)
Values in each column followed by the same lower case letter are not significantly different when comparing between age classes within each species (ANOVA with Fisher's least
significant difference test, p<0.05). Values in each column followed by the same upper case letter are not significantly different when comparing similar age classes between the two
species (t-test, p<0.05).
Table 8. Mean (±SEM) element concentrations and C/N ratio of branches by size class for the second-growth Doug fir and redwood stand in
watershed MUN.
Species
Doug fir
Diameter
Class
C
N
C/N
--mm--
g kg-1
mg kg-1
ratio
<5
500aA
(4)
502aA
(5)
506aA
(5)
512abA
(3)
519bA
(4)
503aA
(4)
508abA
(5)
505aA
(4)
517bA
(3)
516bA
(2)
4170aA
(190)
3330bA
(170)
2210cA
(190)
1460dA
(170)
1100dA
(60)
2490aB
(220)
1990abB
(140)
1300bB
(50)
1080bB
(40)
1110bA
(70)
5-10
10-20
20-50
>50
Redwood
<5
5-10
10-20
20-50
>50
144aA
(7)
181aA
(9)
289bA
(23)
447cA
(29)
571dA
(31)
273aB
(42)
314aB
(23)
462bB
(17)
570bB
(22)
541bA
(30)
P
S
K
Ca
Mg
Fe
Zn
Mn
Cu
-------------------------------------------------------------------- mg kg-1------------------------------------------------------------740aA
(70)
550bA
(80)
290cA
(30)
140cdA
(30)
100dA
(10)
450aB
(50)
310bB
(30)
l40cB
(20)
80cB
(<10)
60cB
(10)
480aA
(30)
390bA
(30)
200cA
(20)
140dA
(10)
120dA
(10)
450aA
(40)
330bA
(30)
180cA
(10)
150cA
(10)
120cA
(<10)
3910aA
(370)
3380abA
(380)
2410bA
(470)
1370cA
(320)
900cA
(16.0)
262VaB
(320)
1980bB
(200)
1340cB
(110)
960cdA
(40)
750dA
(40)
6340aA
(240)
5180bA
(360)
3170cA
(320)
2280dA
(200)
1710dA,
(110)
6510aA
(840)
5490aA
(520)
3270bA
(240)
2540bA
(130)
2020bA
(100)
660aA
(40)
520bA
(30)
350cA
(30)
270dA
(20)
240dA
(20)
690aA
(70)
570aA
(80)
320bA
(50)
280bA
(40)
230bA
(30)
58.4abA
(4.3)
45.4aA
(5.2)
45.6aA
(5.1)
52.2aA
(8.8)
78.1bA
(14.5)
51.8aA
(9.2)
35.1bA
(3.8)
29.6bB
(3.1)
36.5bA
(6.6)
24.8bB
(4.6)
33.6aA
(2.3)
26.9bA
(1.9)
15.6cA
(1.0)
13.0edA
(0.8)
10.6dA
(1.0)
22.3aB
(3.3)
14.4bB
(1.7)
11.4bcA
(1.9)
7.2cB
(0.5)
6.3cB
(0.7)
207aA
(16)
l70bA
(19)
112cA
(12)
89cdA
(6)
72dA
(5)
l0laB
(11)
80bB
(8)
50cB
(5)
49cB
(4)
39cB
(5)
5.3aA
(0.7)
5.4aA
(0.6)
2.9bA
(0.4)
1.8bA
(0.6)
2.5bA
(0.6)
3.4aA
(0.7)
2.3abB
(0.4)
2.6abA
(0.3)
LOA
(0.3)
1.5bA
(0.3)
Values in each column followed by the same lower case letter are not significantly different when comparing between branch size classes within each species (ANOVA
with Fisher's least significant difference test, p<0.05). Values in each column followed by the same upper case letter are not significantly different when comparing similar
branch size classes between the two species (t-test, p<0.05).
Table 9. Mean (±SEM) element concentrations and C/N ratio of wood and bark for the second growth Doug fir and redwood stand in
watershed MUN.
Species
Doug fir
Component
Wood
Bark
Redwood
Wood
Bark
C
N
C/N
-g kg-1 -
-mg kg-1-
--ratio--
495aA
(4)
557bA
(5)
508aB
(2)
480bB
(4)
630aA
(60)
1530bA
(200)
850aB
(30)
1700bA
(300)
918aA
(93)
444bA
(47)
707aA
(22)
361bA
(61)
P
S
K
Ca
Mg
Fe
Zn
Mn
Cu
-------------------------------------------------------------------mg kg-1 ------------------------------------------------------------50aA
(10)
1lObA
(10)
50aA
(10)
140bA
(30)
60aA
(<10)
250bA
(10)
110aB
(20)
300aA
(100)
310aA
(20)
460bA
(<10)
390aA
(50)
440aA
(60)
180aA
(50)
1190bA
(230)
350aA
(50)
850aA
(250)
10aA
(<l0)
l40bA
(20)
90aB
(10)
150bA
(20)
204aA
(44)
140aA
(3)
447aA
(153)
238aA
(74)
1.7aA
(0.2)
l0.0aA
(3.8)
4.2aB
(0.5)
7.2aA
(1.7)
8.9aA
(1.0)
43.1aA
(16.9)
15.3aA
(2.6)
29.2bA
(2.4)
Values in each column followed by the same lower case letter are not significantly different when comparing wood versus bark within each species (t-test, p<0.05).
Values in each column followed by the same upper case letter are not significantly different when comparing wood or bark components between the two species
(t-test, p<0.05).
0.5aA
(0.2)
5.ObA
(1.8)
ZOO
(0.4)
2.OaA
(0.7)
Table 10. Mean (±SEM) element concentrations and C/N ratio of roots by size class for the second-growth Doug fir and redwood stand in
watershed MUN.
Species
Doug fir
Root
diameter
-- mm -<1
1-2
2-5
5-10
>10
Redwood
<1
1-2
2-5
5-10
>10
C
N
g kg-1
mg kg-1
488aA
(2)
486aA
(2)
497aA
(9)
504aA
(8)
512aA
(8)
485aA
(13)
492aA
(8)
481aA
(8)
479aA
(9)
482aA
9
7580aA
(430)
508ObA
(360)
3630cA
(460)
2950cdA
(570)
1830dA
(260)
7880aA
(570)
4980bA
(240)
3900bA
(390)
2380cA
(520)
1530cA
300
C/N
ratio
76aA
(5)
114aA
(8)
168abA
(19)
221bA
(37)
35lcA
(61)
73aA
(5)
116aA
(6)
149abA
(15)
288bcA
(84)
419cA
(91)
P
S
K
Ca
Mg
Fe
Zn
Mn
Cu
---------------------------------------------------------------- mg kg-1 ---------------------------------------------------------------930aA
(80)
750abA
(40)
540bcA
(180)
670acA
(110)
400cA
(40)
1080aA
(140)
750aA
(90)
710aA
(140)
710aA
(260)
470aA
(150)
910aA
(60)
69OabA
(10.0)
620bcA
(120)
460bcA
(60)
350cA
(80)
1050aA
(120)
760aA
(90)
750aA
(120)
670aA
(150)
520aA
(130)
2720aA
(190)
2490aA
(120)
2250aA
(360)
1430bA
(170)
1070bA
(80)
305OaA
(200)
2170bA
(130)
2160bA
(150)
204ObB
(140)
1940bB
(90)
6990aA
(840)
7240aA
(119.0)
708OaA
(1700)
4880aA
(800)
3170aA
(1120)
7650aA
(1010)
7700aA
(630)
7390aA
(930)
7400aA
(900)
5940aA
(940)
1310aA
(150)
9.4.OabA
(160)
930abA
(220)
670bcA
(40)
450cA
(70)
1280aA
(180)
830aA
(90)
93OaA
(270)
680aA
(120)
530aA
(90)
1810aA
(377)
1060bA
(186)
660bA
(132)
489bA
(101)
466bA
(96)
1611aA
(394)
912abA
(272)
682bA
(128)
503bA
(68)
630bA
(144)
32.5aA
(3.0)
22.ObA
(2.0)
21.6bA
(3.1)
15.3bcA
(1.3)
12.5cA
(1.6)
36.4aA
(2.9)
19.5bA
(1.2)
18.8bA
(2.3)
16.6bA
(1.9)
15.ObA
(1.8)
328aA
(77)
268.aA
(71)
343aA
(129)
214aA
(82)
139aA
(28)
318aA
(48)
445aA
(223)
467aA
(173)
264aA
(71)
194aA
(69)
24.UaA
(10.1)
8.7bA
(2.2)
4.1bA
(0.9)
3.ObA
(0.5)
2.6bA
(0.5)
23.8aA
(7.4)
4.8bA
(0.3)
4.2bA
(0.4)
2.5bA
(0.1)
2.6bA
(0.3)
Values in each column followed by the same lower case letter are not significantly different when comparing root diameter classes within each species (ANOVA with Fisher's least
significant difference test, p<0.05). Values in each column followed by the same upper case letter are not significantly different when comparing similar root diameter classes between
the two species (t-test, p<0.05).
Nutrient pools as a function of species and biomass component are shown in Tables 11-21. There was a
total of 644 Mg/ha of carbon (~ 1288 Mg/ha of biomass-dry weight) stored in the redwood and Doug fir
in this 80+ year old forest ecosystem (watershed MUN; Table 11). This compares with carbon storage of
10.5 Mg/ha in the 6 year old redwood regrowth in the adjacent watershed (KJE). The wood and bark
components contain about 86% of the carbon within the ecosystem and only 6.4% of the total biomass
carbon pool is found in the below-ground rooting component. In comparison, the biomass contains nearly
four times the amount of organic carbon stored in the soil profile (~ 170 Mg/ha; Fig. 4).
There was a total of 1480 kg/ha of nitrogen in the redwood and Doug fir biomass in this ecosystem
(Table 12). Only 10% (166 kg/ha) of the nitrogen pool is found in the below-ground rooting biomass.
Approximately 64% (949 kg/ha) of the total nitrogen in the biomass is contained within the wood and
bark components. Because conventional clearcutting removes the wood and bark components, it is this
949 kg/ha of nitrogen that will be directly removed from the ecosystem by harvesting. This represents an
annual loss of about 12 kg/ha/yr over the 80-year harvest rotation. These values compare to N losses from
the ecosystem of 0.15 to 1.85 kg/ha/yr in stream water and inputs of 0.1 to 0.4 kg/ha/yr in precipitation.
These inputs/outputs alone would suggest a nonsustainable forest practice; however, nitrogen fixers such
as Ceanothus species, lichens, and algae contribute to nitrogen inputs into these ecosystems. Furthermore,
the pool of total nitrogen contained within the soil profile is on the order of 10 Mg/ha. Thus, <10% of the
total soil nitrogen pool is removed by the harvest. However, only a small portion of the total nitrogen
pool is available for biota. These data suggest that nitrogen fixation by Ceanothus species and other
sources may be necessary to maintain the long-term productivity and sustainability of these ecosystems.
A similar analysis can be made for other nutrients to determine whether biomass removal by harvesting
will substantially deplete available nutrient pools. Removal of P, K, Ca and Mg by harvesting stems
(wood plus bark) results in the loss of 65, 405, 401 and 75 kg/ha/yr, respectively (Tables 13-16). These
values compare with available nutrient pools from the soil of about 60, 2800, 20,000 and 5000 for P, K,
Ca and Mg, respectively (Fig. 4). This analysis shows that the equivalent of the entire pool of available P
is removed by harvest which suggests that continued harvesting could result in serious depletion of
available P reserves. However, it must be kept in mind that the total P pool is on the order of 3500 kg/ha
which is the equivalent of 50 harvest rotations (Fig. 4). Similarly, additional K, Ca and Mg will be
released by rock weathering, and atmospheric deposition of these elements also contributes on the order
of 1 to 10 kg/ha/yr of these nutrients. Sulfur is another nutrient that requires consideration since 124 kg/ha
are removed by harvesting and there is no appreciable release of S from chemical weathering of the rocks
(Table 17). Atmospheric inputs of S are on the order of 1-2 kg/ha/yr which nearly match the losses of S in
biomass over a 80 year rotation. Thus, it appears from the preceding analysis that maintaining the
reserves of nitrogen and phosphorous are the most critical to long-term sustainability of these
redwood/Doug fir ecosystems.
A comparison of nutrient pools contained in the biomass of the reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE)
watersheds is shown in Figure 7. Nutrient pools in living biomass are 1-2 orders of magnitude greater in
the reference watershed compared to the six year old clearcut watershed. The nutrients that have the
highest demand by vegetation are N, Ca and K, followed by moderate demand for Fe, S, Mg and P, and
lesser demand for Mn, Zn and Cu.
32
Table 11. Estimated carbon pools contained in above- and below-ground living biomass of the
redwood/Doug fir ecosystem in the reference watershed (MUN).
Redwood
Foliage
New
Old
Branches
<0.5 cm
0.5-1 cm
1-2 cm
2-5 cm
>5 cm
Wood
Bark
Roots
< 1 mm
1-2 mm
2-5 mm
5-10 mm
> 10 mm
Total
Doug fir
Ecosystem
----------------------------------- Mg/ha ----------------------------------
7.45
4.95
1.79
5.66
12.4
1.24
3.71
20.6
14.3
1.01
1.43
2.43
3.94
11.8
34.9
0.70
0.98
1.69
2.71
8.24
285
36.8
24.0
203
30.7
17.0
0.44
1.30
0.86
0.62
20.8
488
67.5
41.0
0.09
0.28
0.92
1.21
14.5
374
270
33
644
Table 12. Estimated nitrogen pools contained in above- and below-ground living biomass of the
redwood/Doug fir ecosystem in the reference watershed (MUN).
Redwood
Foliage
New
Old
Branches
<0.5 cm
0.5-1 cm
1-2 cm
2-5 cm
>5 cm
Wood
Bark
Roots
<1 mm
1-2 mm
2-5 mm
5-10 mm
>10 mm
Total
Doug fir
Ecosystem
----------------------------------- kg/ha ------------------------------------
151
118
41
110
269
26
92
50.5
44.9
5.0
5.6
6.3
8.2
25.4
95.4
5.8
6.5
7.4
7.7
17.5
477
130
96.5
258
84
69.8
7.1
13.2
7.0
3.1
66.1
735
214
166
1.6
2.9
6.8
7.1
51.7
905
575
34
1480
Table 13. Estimated phosphorus pools contained in above- and below-ground living biomass of the
redwood/Doug fir ecosystem in the reference watershed (MUN).
Redwood
Doug fir
Ecosystem
-------------------------------------------- kg/ha ------------------------------------------Foliage
New
Old
Branches
<0.5 cm
0.5-1 cm
1-2 cm
2-5 cm
>5 cm
Wood
Bark
Roots
< 1 mm
1-2 mm
2-5 mm
5-10 mm
> 10 mm
Total
18
20
6
12
38
4
16
4.4
5.4
0.90
0.87
0.67
0.61
1.37
9.8
1.03
1.07
0.97
0.74
1.59
28
11
25.5
20
6
15
0.97
1.98
1.28
0.92
20.3
48
17
40.5
0.18
0.43
1.00
1.60
11.3
87
66
35
153
Table 14. Estimated potassium pools contained in above- and below-ground living biomass of the
redwood/Doug fir ecosystem in the reference watershed (MUN).
Foliage
New
Old
Branches
<0.5 cm
0.5-1 cm
1-2 cm
2-5 cm
>5 cm
Wood
Bark
Roots
<1 mm
1-2 mm
2-5 mm
5-10 mm
>10 mm
Total
Redwood
Doug fir
Ecosystem
----------------------------------------- kg/ha --------------------------------------------82
74
156
26
21
56
53
42
42
84
5.26
5.45
5.56
6.59
6.45
8.06
7.32
7.25
17.2
14.3
219
127
346
34
25
59
99
40
139
2.71
0.52
5.76
1.43
3.88
4.18
2.65
3.42
83.9
30.2
476
308
784
36
Table 15. Estimated calcium pools contained in above- and below-ground living biomass of the
redwood/Doug fir ecosystem in the reference watershed (MUN).
Foliage
New
Old
Branches
<0.5 cm
0.5-1 cm
1-2 cm
2-5 cm
>5 cm
Wood
Bark
Roots
<1 mm
1-2 mm
2-5 mm
5-10 mm
>10 mm
Total
Redwood
Doug fir
Ecosystem
----------------------------------------- kg/ha --------------------------------------------131
59
190
25
7
106
52
110
69
179
13.1
8.83
15.4
10.1
15.8
10.6
19.4
12.1
46.2
27.2
197
74
271
65
65
130
307
120
427
6.87
1.35
20.4
4.16
13.3
13.2
9.60
11.7
257
89.5
810
387
1197
37
Table 16. Estimated magnesium pools contained in above- and below-ground living biomass of
the redwood/Doug fir ecosystem in the reference watershed (MUN).
Redwood
Doug fir
Ecosystem
----------------------------------------- kg/ha ---------------------------------------------Foliage
New
Old
Branches
<0.5 cm
0.5-1 cm
1-2 cm
2-5 cm
>5 cm
Wood
Bark
Roots
< 1 mm
1-2 mm
2-5 mm
5-10 mm
>10 mm
Total
31
14
8
23
45
3
11
11.9
8.3
1.38
1.60
1.54
2.13
5.26
20.2
0.92
1.01
1.17
1.43
3.81
51
12
34.8
4
8
16.8
1.15
2.20
1.67
0.88
28.8
55
20
51.5
0.25
0.54
1.73
1.60
12.7
141
51.1
38
192
Table 17. Estimated sulfur pools contained in above- and below-ground living biomass of the
redwood/Doug fir ecosystem in the reference watershed (MUN).
Foliage
New
Old
Branches
<0.5 cm
0.5-1 cm
1-2 cm
2-5 cm
>5 cm
Wood
Bark
Roots
< 1 mm
1-2 mm
2-5 mm
5-10 mm
>10 mm
Total
Redwood
Doug fir
Ecosystem
---------------------------------------- kg/ha ----------------------------------------------14
10
24
4
2
10
8
6.6
4.7
11.3
0.90
0.67
0.93
0.76
0.87
0.67
1.14
0.74
2.74
1.91
62
25
87
23
14
37
28
13
41
0.94
0.18
2.01
0.40
1.35
1.15
0.87
1.10
22.5
9.88
134
67
201
39
Table 18. Estimated iron pools contained in above- and below-ground living biomass of the
redwood/Doug fir ecosystem in the reference watershed (MUN).
Foliage
New
Old
Branches
<0.5 cm
0.5-1 cm
1-2 cm
2-5 cm
>5 cm
Wood
Bark
Roots
<1 mm
1-2 mm
2-5 mm
5-10 mm
>10 mm
Total
Redwood
Doug fir
Ecosystem
----------------------------------------- kg/ha ---------------------------------------------0.94
0.83
1.8
0.20
0.20
0.74
0.63
1.19
1.84
3.0
0.10
0.08
0.10
0.09
0-.14
0.15
0.28
0.28
0.57
1.24
251
83
334
18.3
7.7
26
38.7
16.5
56
1.45
0.35
2.41
0.61
1.23
1.23
0.65
1.17
33.0
13.2
311
110
421
40
Table 19. Estimated zinc pools contained in above- and below-ground living biomass of the
redwood/Doug fir ecosystem in the reference watershed (MUN).
Foliage
New
Old
Branches
<0.5 cm
0.5-1 cm
1-2 cm
2-5 cm
>5 cm
Wood
Bark
Roots
<1 mm
1-2 mm
2-5 mm
5-10 mm
>10 mm
Total
Redwood
Doug fir
Ecosystem
----------------------------------------- kg/ha --------------------------------------------0.21
0.13
0.34
0.07
0.03
0.14
0.10
0.48
0.63
1.11
0.20
0.29
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.07
0.14
0.17
2.36
0.70
3.06
0.55
0.55
1.10
0.78
0.45
1.23
0.03
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.65
0.35
4.38
2.46
6.84
41
Table 20. Estimated manganese pools contained in above- and below-ground living biomass of the
redwood/Doug fir ecosystem in the reference watershed (MUN).
Foliage
New
Old
Branches
<0.5 cm
0.5-1 cm
1-2 cm
2-5 cm
>5 cm
Wood
Bark
Roots
< 1 mm
1-2 mm
2-5 mm
5-10 mm
>10 mm
Total
Redwood
Doug fir
Ecosystem
----------------------------------------- kg/ha --------------------------------------------4.9
5.0
9.9
1.4
0.8
3.5
4.2
1.9
2.6
4.5
0.20
0.29
0.22
0.33
0.24
0.37
0.37
0.47
0.89
1.14
8.6
3.6
12.2
2.2
2.4
4.6
11.0
5.8
16.8
0.29
0.06
1.18
0.15
0.84
0.64
0.34
0.51
8.39
3.92
28.6
19.4
48.0
42
Table 21. Estimated copper pools contained in above- and below-ground living biomass of the
redwood/Doug fir ecosystem in the reference watershed (MUN).
Foliage
New
Old
Branches
<0.5 cm
0.5-1 cm
1-2 cm
2-5 cm
>5 cm
Wood
Bark
Roots
< 1 mm
1-2 mm
2-5 mm
5-10 mm
>10 mm
Total
Redwood
Doug fir
Ecosystem
----------------------------------------- kg/ha ---------------------------------------------0.03
0.03
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.07
0.09
0.15
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.04
1.12
0.20
1.32
0.15
0.28
0.43
0.16
0.11
0.27
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.11
0.07
1.53
0.70
2.23
43
Fig. 7.
Nutrient pools contained in the above- and below-ground living biomass in the
reference watershed (MUN), and in the clearcut (KJE) watershed six years following
the harvest.
44
Precipitation, Canopy Throughfall and Soil Solution Chemistry
Changes in aqueous chemistry along the hydrologic cycle within the second growth redwood/Doug
fir and clearcut ecosystems are shown in Figure 8. Each component of the hydrologic cycle will be
discussed below.
Precipitation. The precipitation was strongly influenced by sea salts with the chemical composition
dominated by sodium (48 µM) and chloride (49 µM) in a near-stoichiometric balance (Table 22).
There were trace inputs of N (NH4 = 0.8 µM & NO3 = 1.0 µM) and P (ortho-PO4= 0.5 µM) adding
important macro-nutrients to this ecosystem. Other macro-nutrients present in appreciable
concentrations were K (4.0 µM), Mg (13 µM), Ca (15 µM) and SO4 (4 µM). The mean pH of the
rainfall was slightly acidic at 6.42.
Canopy Throughfall. Canopy interception ([precipitation-canopy throughfall]/precipitation) averaged
10±14% (mean±std deviation; range = -11 to 30%) for Doug fir and 16±11% (mean±std deviation;
range = 8 to 36%) for redwood. These canopy interception values are consistent with the range of 9
to 26% measured in this same watershed (MUN) by E. Keppeler of the USDA Forest Service,
Caspar Creek Research Team. Mean interception rates for conifers generally range between 10-35%,
but are highly dependent on the form, distribution and intensity of precipitation. The lower
interception rates in this coastal-fog zone are most probably a result of fog condensation and drip
from the canopy. In a few instances, canopy throughfall volumes were actually higher than
precipitation volumes indicating capture of fog by the canopy.
The chemical composition of the precipitation was substantially altered by interaction with the
redwood and Doug fir canopies (Table 22). Concentrations of Na, Cl, SO4, Mg and Ca were enriched
by a factor of 2 to 5.5 times on passing through the canopy. The enrichment factor for these elements
was generally a factor of two greater for the Doug fir canopy. Since these elements are derived
primarily from sea salt capture, these data suggest that the capture efficiency of the Doug fir canopy
is appreciably greater than that of the redwood canopy. The large enrichments for ortho-PO4 (22
times for Doug fir) and K (13-16 times) in the canopy throughfall is probably due to exudation and
leaching of these components from the foliage. The enrichment values are substantially larger than
for the sea salt dominated elements suggesting that aerosol and particulate capture is not the
dominant process affecting ortho-PO4 and K enrichment. In contrast to the large enrichment factors
for the majority of elements, concentrations of NH4 and NO3 were not appreciably altered by canopy
processes. The pH of the canopy throughfall was 0.4 to 0.5 units lower than that of the incoming
precipitation indicating some leaching of acidic components (e.g., organic acids) from the canopy.
Soil Solutions. The soil solution charge balances in the reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE)
watersheds show the following cation and anion distributions (Fig. 8):
Reference Ca = Na > Mg > K
Clearcut Ca > Na > Mg > K
Reference Cl > HCO3 >> SO4
Clearcut HCO3 > Cl > SO4.
45
Fig. 8.
Solution charge balance diagrams for precipitation (PPT), canopy throughfall (TF),
soil solutions at 20, 40 and 60 cm depths and stream water for the period October,
1993 to June, 1996 in the clearcut (KJE) and reference (MUN) watersheds. The
width of each compartment is equal to the charge contributed by each ion. The
anion charge deficit is assumed to be the contribution of dissociated organic acids.
46
Table 22. Mean-±SEM solute concentrations for precipitation and canopy throughfall from Doug fir and
redwood.
Precipitation
Canopy Throughfall
Doug fir
Redwood
pH
6.42 (0.11)a
5.92 (0.08)b
6.07 (0.10 b
Cl (µM)
48.6 3.5)a
272.8 43.8)b
123.9 16.0)c
NO3 (µM)
1.0 (0.2 a
1.2 (0.9)a
0.6 (0.2)a
PO4 (µM)
0.5 (0.3 a
10.8 3.0)b
8.1 2.1 b
SO4 (µM)
4.3 0.3 a
16.3 3.1 b
8.0 (0.9 c
Na (µM)
48.3 3.8)a
258.6 33.5 b
98.2 (13.3 c
NH4 (µM)
0.8 0.4)ab
0.5 (0.2 a
1.9 (0.5)b
K (µM)
4.0 0.8 a
65.6 (8.9 b
52.7 (8.1)b
Mg (µM)
12.9 0.8)a
49.9 (5.9 b
31.6 (3.2)c
Ca (µM)
14.5 (1.6 a
56.4 (6.9)b
42.2 4.1)b
Si (µM)
2.4 (0.3)a
1.9 (0.4)a
2.7 (0.7)a
Values with the same lower-case letter within a row indicate that these values are not statistically
difference at p<0.05.
47
Soil solution pH values increased by about 0.8 units compared to the incoming canopy throughfall
(Fig. 9). Within the soil profile, pH values were similar with increasing depth (range = 6.7 to 6.9).
The pH was about 0.1 units lower at the 20 cm depth in the clearcut compared to the reference
watershed (Table 23). Concentrations of base cations (Na, Ca, Mg and K) were generally lower in the
clearcut compared to the reference catchment (Fig. 10; Table 23). Lower concentrations in the
clearcut may result from reduced capture efficiency for sea salts due to removal of the forest canopy
and dilution resulting from a reduction in evapotranspiration associated with removal of the forest
canopy. Concentrations of the anions, C1 and SO4, were lower in the clearcut watershed (Fig. 11;
Table 23). Reduced capture efficiency for sea salts and dilution resulting from reduced
evapotranspiration may also contribute to this pattern. Silicon concentrations were a factor of 1.5
times lower in the reference watershed (Fig. 12; Table 23). Because Si concentrations are regulated
primarily by mineral equilibria, it is believed that kinetic factors related to the lower residence time
of water (due to less ET and canopy interception) in the soil profiles of the clearcut are responsible
for this difference. In contrast, silicon concentrations are virtually identical in the stream waters
draining the two watersheds suggesting that Si concentrations reach equilibrium before the soil
solutions emerge as stream flow.
Concentrations of NH4 were very low (<3 µM) and showed no difference between the reference and
clearcut catchments (Fig. 13; Table 23). In contrast, concentrations of NO3 were greater throughout
the entire soil profile in the clearcut catchment (Fig. 11; Table 23). Enhanced N mineralization
coupled with reduced uptake may contribute to the increased NO3 concentrations. Within the soil
profile, the concentration of N O3 decreases appreciably with depth due to nitrogen uptake by the
stump-sprouting redwoods. In the absence of this N uptake, nutrient losses to stream water would
probably be much higher. Similar to NO3, concentrations of ortho-PO4 increased in the upper 20 cm
of soils in the clearcut catchment, most likely as a result of enhanced mineralization and reduced
uptake (Fig. 11; Table 23). Ortho-PO4 concentrations decreased to trace levels in the lower soil
profile which results from nutrient uptake and phosphate sorption to the abundant iron oxides found
in the B horizons.
48
Table 23. Mean±SEM for soil solution concentrations in the reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds at Caspar Creek. Soil
solutions were collected at the 20, 40, and 60 cm depths.
pH
Cl (µM)
NO3 (µM)
PO4 (µM)
SO4 (µM)
Na (µM)
NH4 (µM)
K (µM)
Mg (µM)
Ca (µM)
Si (µM)
20 cm depth
Reference
Clearcut
6.86 (0.03) *
6.75 (0.03) *
325.6 (39.3) **
94.7 (12.5) **
2.1 (0.6) **
7.4 (1.8) **
0.3 (0.2) **
2.0 (0.6) **
26.5 (4.7) **
10.3 (1.6) **
265.2 (18.5) **
131.9 (16.7) **
1.9 (1.4)
2.1 (1.2)
91.2 (5.8)
114.0 (16.4)
81.6 (4.7) **
64.0 (3.3) **
188.7 (9.0)
166.3 (11.3)
49.4 (2.8)**
30.0 (3.9)**
40 cm depth
Reference
Clearcut
6.76 (0.06)
6.73 (0.05)
434.8 (58.1) **
160.7 (22.3) **
0.3 (0.1) **
4.7 (1.7) **
0.3 (0.2)
0.8 (0.5)
22.8 (2.1) **
14.2 (2.3) **
381.7 (28.3)**
192.3 (21.8) **
0.3 (0.3)
0.7 (0.3)
74.9 (6.1) *
55.0 (9.1) *
72.7 (5.0) **
55.5 (3.5) **
172.3 (9.6) **
101.1 (8.3) **
67.3 (6.0)*
51.1 (6.3)*
60 cm depth
Reference
Clearcut
6.78 (0.06)
6.70 (0.06)
360.2 (35.3) **
105.4 (11.2) **
0.4 (0.3)
2.27 (1.3)
0.1 (0.1)
0.3 (0.1)
25.8 (2.7) **
12.5 (1.7) **
346.1 (28.4) **
195.2 (18.7) **
0.9 (0.5)
0.4 (0.3)
56.4 (3.8) **
35.2 (2.6) **
70.3 (3.3) **
54.6 (4.3) **
143.7 (5.2) **
84.1 (8.1) **
66.6 (5.9)**
47.5 (5.8)**
* and * * indicate that means between reference and clearcut values for a given depth are statistically different at the p=.10 and
p=.05 significance level, respectively.
Fig. 9.
Mean±standard deviation for pH of precipitation (PPT), canopy throughfall (TF), soil solutions at 20,
40 and 60 cm depths, and stream water for the period October, 1993 to June, 1996 in the clearcut
(KJE) and reference (MUN) watersheds.
50
Fig. 10.
Mean±standard deviation for base cations in precipitation (PPT), canopy throughfall (TF), soil
solutions at 20, 40 and 60 cm depths, and stream water for the period October, 1993 to June,
1996 in the clearcut (KJE) and reference (MUN) watersheds.
51
Fig. 11.
Mean±standard deviation for major anions in precipitation (PPT), canopy throughfall (TF),
soil solutions at 20, 40 and 60 cm depths, and stream water for the period October, 1993 to
June, 1996 in the clearcut (KJE) and reference (MUN) watersheds.
52
Fig. 12.
Mean±standard deviation for silicon in precipitation (PPT), canopy throughfall (TF),
soil solutions at 20, 40 and 60 cm depths, and stream water for the period October,
1993 to June, 1996 in the clearcut (KJE) and reference (MUN) watersheds.
53
Fig. 13.
Mean±standard deviation for ammonium in precipitation (PPT), canopy throughfall
(TF), soil solutions at 20, 40 and 60 cm depths, and stream water for the period
October, 1993 to June, 1996 in the clearcut (KJE) and reference (MUN) watersheds.
54
Stream Water Chemistry
Watershed-scale manipulations axe a powerful approach for studying the effects of forest
management practices on nutrient cycling processes. Watershed manipulation studies commonly
utilize a paired watershed approach in which two watersheds with similar characteristics are
employed. In this study, stream water chemistry from the reference watershed (MUN) was compared
to that from the clearcut watershed (KJE) to examine the effects of harvest and post-harvest
management practices on nutrient cycling. The export of nutrients in stream water is one of the
primary processes responsible for nutrient losses from forested ecosystems. Monitoring of stream
water chemistry began in the clearcut watershed approximately 1.25 years (March, 1991) following
completion of felling operations.
Nitrate. Nitrate concentrations in the reference watershed were generally less than our detection
limits of 0.4 µM; however, concentrations exceeding 10 µM were measured during two storm events
in 1995-96 (Fig. 14). In contrast, nitrate concentrations in the clearcut watershed ranged between 10
and 50 um during storm events. Baseflow NO3 concentrations in the clearcut watershed were low and
often below detection limits. It appears that NO3 concentrations showed a progressive decrease in
peak concentrations in the years following the clearcut (1991 to 1994); however, concentrations
increased again during storm events in 1995-96. The increased NO3 concentrations during 1995-96
were observed in both the clearcut and reference watersheds suggesting that the increase was not
solely due to the disturbance associated with the clearcut harvesting.
Increased NO3 concentrations in stream water after clearcutting is a common observation; however,
the magnitude of NO3 leaching varies appreciably between sites. For example, maximum NO3
concentrations following whole-tree clearcutting of a northern hardwood forest in the Hubbard Brook
Ecological Forest of New Hampshire were 500 µM (Dahlgren and Driscoll, 1994), an order of
magnitude greater than those observed in this study. We feel that the rapid immobilization of
nitrogen into the stump sprouting redwood biomass is an important factor limiting the leaching losses
of NO3 in these redwood/Doug fir ecosystems.
The maximum concentrations of NO3 typically occur in the second year following clearcutting. This
results from microbial immobilization of N during decomposition of woody litter with high C/N
ratios that is added to the soil organic matter pool as slash during the harvest. Since we missed the
January 1990 to March 1991 monitoring period, we can not state specifically the timing of peak NO3
concentrations following harvest in watershed KJE. We do have immediate post-harvest stream
water monitoring from clearcut watersheds EAG and GIB that show maximum NO3 concentrations
in the spring following the cutting (see appendices I & K). The maximum NO3 concentration in
stream water from these two watersheds was 70 µM and concentrations decreased over time in a
fashion similar to watershed KJE. Thus, we are confident from our monitoring of watersheds EAG
and GIB that the data from clearcut watershed KJE is representative of the response of stream water
chemistry to clearcutting.
The maximum NO3 concentrations described above occur during high flow storm events and drop to
low levels during baseflow. We interpret these data to indicate that changing hydrologic
55
Fig. 14.
Streamwater nitrate concentrations (symbols) and streamflow (lines) in the clearcut (KJE)
and reference (MUN) watersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek. Felling was completed
in the clearcut watershed in November 1989. Grab samples were collected biweekly
during periods of baseflow while autosamplers were used to collected samples during
storm events.
56
flowpaths during storm events result in the delivery of high-NO3 waters to the stream during peak
discharge. Soil solution data indicates that the highest NO3 concentrations occur within the upper soil
horizons. The soils within the watershed have a thick argillic horizon (clay-enriched) beginning at a
depth of approximately 30 cm. The argillic horizon contains >40% clay, substantially reducing the
hydraulic conductivity, which results in saturation above this layer. Given the steep slopes within the
watershed, this saturated zone may move laterally downslope, leaching nutrients from within the
nutrient-rich rooting zone (upper 30 cm) and delivering them to the stream as subsurface lateral flow
during peak discharge. This mechanism is supported by repeated observations of lateral flow above
the argillic horizon and through macropores (e.g., root channels) on roadcuts within the Caspar Creek
drainage.
Sulfate. Stream water concentrations of SO4 were consistently higher by approximately 20 µM in the
clearcut watershed compared to the reference watershed (Fig. 15). The increased concentrations in
the clearcut watershed are most likely due to increased decomposition/mineralization coupled with
decreased SO4 uptake by vegetation. The immobilization of S in redwood sprouts is approximately an
order of magnitude less than immobilization of N (70 kg N/ha versus 6.8 kg S/ha). These differences
in S mineralization and biological uptake lead to greater SO4 production and less biological demand,
which may contribute to the greater leaching of SO4 from the watershed. Sulfate concentrations in
both watersheds were decreased by 20 to 50 um during peak flows associated with storm events. This
decrease is probably attributable to dilute waters entering the stream as subsurface lateral flow.
Chloride. Chloride concentrations in the clearcut watershed showed a strong temporal pattern at both
the seasonal and storm-event scale (Fig. 16). Seasonally, maximum Cl concentrations occurred
during the summer period of low streamflow. During storm events, Cl concentrations were reduced
by up to 200 µM as a result of dilution, possibly related to changes in the hydrologic flowpath. The
decrease in Cl concentrations during peak streamflows is in complete contrast to NO3 concentrations
which peak during maximum streamflow.
Chloride concentrations in the reference watershed were generally 100 µM greater than those in the
clearcut watershed. The Cl concentration versus stream discharge relationship was identical between
the reference and clearcut watersheds with a large dilution occurring during peak waterflows. Stream
water samples were not collected from the reference watershed during the summer dry period
because evapotranspiration (ET) was greater in the second growth stand reducing streamflow
duration. Similarly, interception water loss of 10-16% by the second growth canopy results in less
water reaching the soil surface. The water loss associated with canopy interception and ET results in
less water yield and streamflow duration within the reference watershed. The differences in water
flux also have an appreciable effect on stream water solute concentrations.
57
Fig. 15.
Streamwater sulfate concentrations (symbols) and streamflow (lines) in the clearcut (KJE)
and reference (MUN) watersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek. Felling was completed
in the clearcut watershed in November 1989. Grab samples were collected biweekly during
periods of baseflow while autosamplers were used to collected samples during storm
events.
58
Fig. 16.
Streamwater chloride concentrations (symbols) and streamflow (lines) in the clearcut (KJE)
and reference (MUN) watersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek. Felling was completed in
the clearcut watershed in November 1989. Grab samples were collected biweekly during
periods of baseflow while autosamplers were used to collected samples during storm events.
59
Bicarbonate. Bicarbonate is the major anion in the stream water and is also the dominant source of
alkalinity. Concentrations of HCO3 were very similar between the clearcut and reference watersheds
as were the patterns of decreased HC03 concentrations in response to increased stream discharge
during storm events (Fig. 17). The primary source of bicarbonate is from carbon dioxide released by
root and microbial respiration within the soil profile. Thus, as waterflow through the soil profile
increases, the HC03 concentrations are reduced due to dilution by the percolating waters. This
mechanism may explain, in part, the large reduction in stream water HC03 concentrations during
high discharge events. Changes in the hydrologic flowpath may also result in dilution of HC03
concentrations during storm events because water is quickly routed through the soil/bedrock. The
primary source of HCO3 is chemical weathering involving carbonic acid (e.g., H2CO3 + NaAlSi3O8
+ 7H20= Na+ + 3H4SiO4 + Al(OH)3(s) + HCO3- ). Rates of chemical weathering are controlled by
kinetics factors rather than equilibrium. Thus, the shorter the residence time of water in the
soilibedrock continuum, the less time for chemical weathering and the lower HCO3 concentrations.
Base cations (Ca. Mg, K, and Na). Concentrations of base cations in stream water responded similarly
between the reference and clearcut watersheds (Figs. 18-21). There was no appreciable difference in
base cation concentrations between the clearcut and reference watersheds. Similarly, both watersheds
showed a similar dilution effect during high discharge events and maintained a similar range of base
cation concentrations. There is a distinct increase in base cation concentrations following the end of
the rainy season. This is well illustrated by the progressive increase in Ca and Mg concentrations in
the clearcut watershed during the June to January period. This response is identical to that of HCO3
and Cl concentrations since each unit of positive charge must by paired with one unit of negative
charge (i.e., electroneutrality). It is the availability of mobile anions which dictates the concentrations
of cations in solution (Johnson and Cole, 1980). Thus, since Cl and HCO3 concentrations are not
diluted by water inputs during the summer months, their higher concentrations result in increased
concentrations of base cations in stream water.
The identical response between the clearcut and reference watersheds results from base cation
buffering by the large pool of exchangeable cations. The pool of exchangeable cations is relatively
high (Ca = 18, Mg = 5, K = 3 & Na = 1 Mg/ha; Fig. 4) and soil solutions obtain rapid equilibrium
with the exchangeable cations. Thus, the distribution of cations is relatively fixed by equilibrium with
the exchange complex while the concentrations of base cations in solution are dictated by the
concentration of mobile anions.
Silicon. Silicon is a useful element to monitor in stream water since its concentrations are regulated
by mineral equilibrium/kinetics with little influence from biological cycling. The range of Si
concentrations is similar between the clearcut and reference watersheds indicating that similar
mechanisms are responsible for regulating Si concentrations in both watersheds and that these
mechanisms are not appreciably affected by clearcutting (Fig. 22). At baseflow, Si concentrations in
both watersheds are within a narrow range of 250 to 300 µM. This level probably reflects equilibrium
with silicate minerals. The large decrease observed during high discharge events reflects
disequilibrium conditions where Si dissolution kinetics or mixing of waters from different hydrologic
flowpaths regulate stream water Si concentrations. As discussed within the N03 section, we believe
that the hydrologic flowpath is short-circuited through the upper soil horizons (above the argillic
horizon) during storm events. This decreases the contact time between the soil solution and the soil
minerals which prevents attainment of equilibrium conditions.
60
Fig. 17.
Streamwater bicarbonate concentrations (symbols) and streamflow (lines) in the clearcut
(KJE) and reference (MUN) watersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek. Felling was
completed in the clearcut watershed in November 1989. Grab samples were collected
biweekly during periods of baseflow while autosamplers were used to collected samples
during storm events.
61
Fig. 18.
Streamwater calcium concentrations (symbols) and streamflow (lines) in the clearcut (KJE)
and reference (MUN) watersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek. Felling was completed in
the clearcut watershed in November 1989. Grab samples were collected biweekly during
periods of baseflow while autosamplers were used to collected samples during storm events.
62
Fig. 19.
Streamwater magnesium concentrations (symbols) and streamflow (lines) in the clearcut (KJE)
,and reference (MUN) watersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek. Felling was completed in
the clearcut watershed in November 1989. Grab samples were collected biweekly during
periods of baseflow while autosamplers were used to collected samples during storm events.
63
Fig. 20.
Streamwater potassium concentrations (symbols) and streamflow (lines) in the clearcut (KJE)
and reference (MUN) watersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek. Felling was completed in
the clearcut watershed in November 1989. Grab samples were collected biweekly during
periods of baseflow while autosamplers were used to collected samples during storm events.
64
Fig. 21.
Streamwater sodium concentrations (symbols) and streamflow (lines) in the clearcut (KJE) and
reference (MUN) watersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek. Felling was completed in the
clearcut watershed in November 1989. Grab samples were collected biweekly during periods of
baseflow while autosamplers were used to collected samples during storm events.
65
Fig. 22
Streamwater silicon concentrations (symbols) and streamflow (lines) in the clearcut (KJE) and
reference (MUN) watersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek. Felling was completed in the
clearcut watershed in November 1989. Grab samples were collected biweekly during periods
of baseflow while autosamplers were used to collected samples during storm events.
66
pH. Stream water pH values were generally consistent between the clearcut and reference watersheds
and fell within the range 6.5 to 7.5 (Fig. 23). The pH values were highest during baseflow and decreased
by up to one unit during peak streamflows. As with Si concentrations, the decrease in pH during high
flow probably reflects incomplete neutralization due to decreased contact time with the soil. Thus, the
shorter the residence time of water in the soil/bedrock continuum, the less time for chemical weathering
and the lower the pH and concentrations of HCO3 and Si. During storm events, a large fraction of water
is probably routed laterally through the soil (above the argillic or through macropores) which prevents
interaction with the lower soil horizons and bedrock. The pH of the soil solution moving through the
upper soil horizons is regulated primarily by cation exchange reactions. In fact, the pH of stream water is
generally within the range found for soil solution pH values in the upper soil horizons (Table 22) and the
solid-phase soil pH (Table 2).
67
Fig. 23.
Streamwater pH (symbols) and streamflow (lines) in the clearcut (KJE) and reference (MUN)
watersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek. Felling was completed in the clearcut watershed
in November 1989. Grab samples were collected biweekly during periods of baseflow while
autosamplers were used to collected samples during storm events.
68
Relationship between Solute Concentrations and Stream Discharge
The preceding discussion indicated that solute concentrations over the five-year monitoring period
were strongly affected by stream discharge during a given storm event. Most solute concentrations
showed a dilution with increasing discharge, except for NO3 which increased with increasing
discharge. The relationship between solute concentrations as a function of discharge was not as
clearly indicated when all the data from the five year study were combined (Figs. 24-33). Some
solutes, such as Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, SO4 and Si, showed a trend of decreasing concentrations with
increasing streamflow rates; however, there was appreciable scatter, especially in the 50 to 100 L/s
flow range. In contrast, pH, K, HCO3 and NO3 concentrations showed little trend with stream
discharge rates. We believe that much of the scatter that occurs in the midflow range is due to
seasonal changes in biogeochemical processes, such as the fall flushing of solutes that have
accumulated over the summer period with no active leaching or periods of especially active plant
uptake during the spring.
Relationship of Pipeflow Water Chemistry to Stream Water Chemistry
Pipeflow collected by the Caspar Creek Research Team appears to originate from subsurface
macropore flow from the adjacent uplands. There were distinct differences between the solute
concentrations of pipeflow and streamflow for several solutes suggesting that the source of the two
waterflows was different. Water originating from different hydrologic flowpaths was previously
suggested as an explanation for increased NO3 concentrations in stream water during high flow,
storm events.
Among the base cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na), Ca concentrations showed a general trend of being
lower in pipeflow than in stream water collected at the same time (Fig. 34). In contrast, K
concentrations showed a general trend of being higher in pipeflow than in stream water (Fig. 35).
Concentrations of Mg and Na were generally similar between pipeflow and stream water during
storm events; however, pipeflow concentrations were greater during baseflow (Fig. 36 & 37).
Sodium concentrations behaved differently between the clearcut and reference watersheds as Na
concentrations were higher in the pipeflow in the reference watershed but similar to stream water in
the clearcut watershed. The contrasting behavior of these base cations could provide a valuable clue
concerning the dynamics of hydrologic flowpaths during storm events. Additional information
concerning base cation concentrations in potential end-member water sources would facilitate the use
of these data in end-member mixing models. For example, water originating from deeper
groundwater that is in contact with relatively unweathered bedrock may contain elevated Ca
concentrations due to the dissolution of calcium carbonate from the marine bedrock. Thus, water
originating from deeper groundwater sources may be Ca-enriched explaining, in part, why Ca
concentrations are greater in stream water at base flow. In contrast, K is strongly cycled by the
vegetation resulting in the highest K concentrations in the upper soil horizons (Fig. 10; Table 2). If
pipeflow were to originate from preferential flowpaths above the clay-rich argillic horizon, the
solutions would be expected to have elevated K concentrations relative to solutions originating from
deeper groundwater sources.
69
Fig. 24.
Relationship between stream water pH and stream discharge for the reference (MUN) and
clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the five year study period.
70
Fig. 25.
Relationship between stream water calcium concentrations and stream discharge for the
reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the five year study period.
71
Fig. 26.
Relationship between stream water magnesium concentrations and stream discharge for
the reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the five year study period.
72
Fig. 27.
Relationship between stream water potassium concentrations and stream discharge for the
reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the five year study period.
73
Fig. 28.
Relationship between stream water sodium concentrations and stream discharge for the
reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the five year study period.
74
Fig. 29.
Relationship between stream water chloride concentrations and stream discharge for the
reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the five year study period.
75
Fig. 30.
Relationship between stream water nitrate concentrations and stream discharge for the
reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the five year study period.
76
Fig. 31.
Relationship between strearn water sulfate concentrations and stream discharge for the
reference (MW and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the five year study period.
77
Fig. 32.
Relationship between stream water bicarbonate concentrations and stream discharge for the
reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the five year study period.
78
Fig. 33.
Relationship between stream water silicon concentrations and stream discharge for the
reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the five year study period.
79
Fig. 34.
Comparison of stream water and pipeflow calcium concentrations for the reference
(MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the 1991 - 1993 water years.
80
Fig. 35.
Comparison of stream water and pipeflow potassium concentrations for the reference
(MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the 1991 - 1993 water years.
81
Fig. 36.
Comparison of stream water and pipeflow magnesium concentrations for the reference
(MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the 1991 - 1993 water years.
82
Fig. 37.
Comparison of stream water and pipeflow sodium concentrations for the
reference(MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the 1991 - 1993 water years.
83
Chloride concentrations in pipeflow and stream water in the clearcut watershed (KJE) were similar during
storm events, but were nearly a factor of two greater in pipeflow during baseflow (Fig. 38). In contrast,
chloride concentrations were always greater in the pipeflow than in stream waters within the reference
watershed. Concentrations of SO4 were similar for pipeflow and stream waters in both watersheds (Fig.
39). Perhaps the most informative difference between pipeflow and stream water chemistry occurs for
N03. Concentrations of NO3 in pipeflow generally exceeded those in stream water within the clearcut
watershed (Fig. 40). In contrast, there was virtually no NO3 in pipeflow, stream water, or soil solutions in
the reference watershed. This behavior indicates that pipeflow originates from a nitrate-rich water source
that is strongly affected by clearcutting. The fact that NO3 in pipeflow is found only in the clearcut
suggests that the pipeflow originates largely from the biologically active soil zone. Our data suggests that
a primary source of the pipeflow water is from the upper soil horizons (above the argillic horizon) which
is the only water source that contains appreciable concentrations of NO3 (Fig. 11).
Concentrations of Si in pipeflow and stream water were similar during most storm event; however, Si
concentrations were greater in pipeflow during baseflow (Fig. 41). This behavior during baseflow
suggests that the pipeflow water originates from a more Si-rich environment since kinetic limitations
would not be a primary factor controlling Si concentrations during baseflow conditions. Again it would be
necessary to know whether the soil zone or the geologic material supports a greater Si solubility. The Si
concentrations collected in our soil solution study were very dilute (<100 µM) due to the fact that these
solutions consist of gravitational water collected only during storm events when the soil water potential
exceeds field capacity. Thus, the soil solutions are in disequilibrium and not necessarily representative of
the pipeflow chemistry originating from the soil zone.
The pH of pipeflow and stream waters was generally similar; however, the pipeflow from the reference
watershed during the early portion of 1992 showed lower pH values during two storm events (Fig. 42).
Again, we suggest that this pH depression is due to lower pH waters originating from the upper soil
horizons where organic acids decrease soil pH (Oi/Oa horizon solid-phase pH = 5.5; Table 2).
We feel that the differences between pipeflow and stream water chemistry provide great promise for
elucidating and quantifying the various end-member water sources and the changing hydrologic
flowpaths that occur during storm events. Because there are distinct differences in the behavior of
different solutes during baseflow and storm events, the data provide a powerful tool for determining
various end-member water sources.
84
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
O
J
1991
A
J
1992
O
J
A
J
1993
Fig. 38. Comparison of stream water and pipeflow chloride concentrations for the reference
(MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the 1991 - 1993 water years.
85
O
125
100
75
50
25
0
100
75
50
25
0
O
1991
J
A
J
1992
O
J
A
J
1993
Fig. 39. Comparison of stream water and pipeflow sulfate concentrations for the reference
(MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the 1991 - 1993 water years.
86
O
Fig. 40.
Comparison of stream water and pipeflow nitrate concentrations for the reference
(MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the 1991 - 1993 water years.
87
Fig. 41.
Comparison of stream water and pipeflow silicon concentrations for the reference (MUN)
and clearcut (KJE) watersheds during the 1991 - 1993 water years.
88
1991
Fig. 42.
1992
1993
Comparison of stream water and pipeflow pH values for the reference (MUN) and clearcut
(KJE) watersheds during the 1991 - 1993 water years.
89
Nutrient Fluxes in Stream Water
While elemental concentrations in stream water give a good idea of processes regulating stream water
solute concentrations, the most important consideration from a nutrient cycling perspective is the nutrient
flux (kg/ha/yr) associated with streamflow. Nutrient fluxes are calculated by combining stream discharge
(L/s) with nutrient concentrations (mg/L). Since the water yield between the clearcut and reference
watersheds differ appreciably (Keppeler, personal communication), what appears to be small differences
in stream water nutrient concentrations result in much larger differences in nutrient fluxes.
Nutrient fluxes in precipitation are shown for the five years of the study in Table 24. The precipitation
fluxes are regulated to a large degree by the precipitation amount for a given year. Precipitation from
nearby Fort Bragg during the study period ranged from a low of 78 cm during the 1993-94 water year to a
high of 148 cm during the 1994-95 water year (Table 24). The highest elemental inputs (2.6 - 23 kg/ha/yr)
occur for Cl, Na, Ca and Mg reflecting the close proximity to the ocean, which is the primary source of
these constituents. Lesser fluxes (1-2.6 kg/ha/yr) of K and S occur, followed by very low inputs (<0.5
kg/ha/yr) of N and P. Actual elemental inputs to these ecosystems may be somewhat higher since the
forest canopy has a much higher efficiency for capturing atmospheric gases, aerosols and particulate
matter than the funnel used to collect the bulk precipitation.
Elemental fluxes of anion components in stream water were substantially higher for the clearcut watershed
compared to the reference watershed (Table 24). This results from a combination of increased stream
water concentrations for some components (NO3 and SO4) and from an increase in water yield due to
reduced ET and canopy interception. Nitrogen fluxes were negligible (<0.08 kg/ha/yr) in the reference
watershed. The nitrogen flux increased following clearcutting to a maximum level of 1.85 kg/ha/yr in the
1991-92 water year and then decreased over time to 0.15 kg/ha/yr in 1995-96 (the 7th water year following
harvest). This is consistent with the findings of other studies examining the effects of clearcutting that
show a 5-7 year recovery period before nitrogen fluxes return to reference watershed levels. Dissolved P
fluxes were very low in both watersheds; however, there may be some indication of a small increase in P
fluxes in the clearcut prior to the 1993-94 water year. Sulfur fluxes increased by a factor of about four
following clearcutting. This results from both increased stream water concentrations and the increased
water yield following clearcutting. Chloride fluxes increased by a factor of 2.1 times in the clearcut
watershed over the five years of monitoring. Unlike nitrogen fluxes, the fluxes of S and Cl do not show
any trend with time since harvest indicating that these elements are not strongly biocycled by the
regenerating redwood vegetation.
Fluxes among the base cations showed the following distribution: Na > Ca > Mg > K. Fluxes of Na, Ca,
Mg and K from the clearcut watershed were 2.4, 2.5, 2.6 and 2.2 times greater than those from the
reference watershed, respectively. The relative uniformity in base cation fluxes between the two
watersheds is consistent with the fact that the distribution of base concentrations in stream water is largely
regulated by equilibrium with exchangeable cation concentrations. These base cation fluxes are also
consistent with that of Si which showed a 2.4 times greater flux from the clearcut watershed.
90
Table 24. Nutrient fluxes contained in precipitation and stream water from the reference (MUN) and clearcut (KJE) watersheds for the five
year study period.
Watershed
Water year
N
Cl
P
S
Na
K
Mg
Ca
Si
Elemental Flux (kg/ha/yr)
PPT
cm
PPT
1991-92
0.22
14.3
0.01
1.14
9.2
1.31
2.61
4.82
0.56
83.1
PPT
1992-93
0.4
22.6
0.05
1.86
14.2
1.33
3.85
6.25
1.13
130.9
PPT
1993-94
0.36
14.5
0.04
1.07
9
1.09
2.78
6.37
0.13
78.3
PPT
1994-95
0.15
23.5
<0.01
1.88
15.5
2.65
4.61
9.78
0.54
147.8
PPT
1995-96
0.1
20.7
0.08
1.47
15.8
2.38
4.53
9.03
0.81
118.5
Clearcut
1991-92
1.85
189
0.03
27.6
138
10.6
33.3
80.4
88
Clearcut
1992-93
1.08
284
0.039
49.4
250
20.8
58.3
147
162
Clearcut
1993-94
0.188
148
0.014
26.7
129
9.37
34
87.8
76
Clearcut
1994-95
0.373
181
0.001
35.9
168
14.5
45.6
113
119
Clearcut
1995-96
0.15
232
<0.001
38.5
223
18.2
48.5
135
133
Reference
1991-92
0.006
58.8
0.002
4.61
37
3.49
8.28
20.9
25
Reference
1992-93
0.001
143
0.002
12.5
100
9.06
23.7
62.9
64
Reference
1993-94
0.001
61.1
0.001
6.91
47
4.46
12.7
34.3
31
Reference
1994-95
0.08
97.2
0.001
7.98
63.9
5.87
15
40.6
45
Reference
1995-96
0.037
139
<0.001
11.6
114
11.4
25.2
61.4
73
Similarly, these elemental ratios are on the same order of magnitude as that of Cl which is a major anion
regulating the leaching of base cations from the soil. These ratios could be compared to the differences in
water flux between the clearcut and reference watersheds to determine the importance of differences in
water fluxes in regulating nutrient fluxes between the two watersheds. Data for this analysis are available
from the Caspar Creek Research Team.
Cumulative Effects of Harvesting on Stream Water Quality
The distance to which a harvesting effect (i.e., change in water quality) is observed downstream from the
harvested catchment is a very important attribute of watershed biogeochemistry. Some impacts may be
observed well downstream of the actual disturbance while other impacts may not be detectable at all
downstream of the disturbance. Figures 43 to 51 show solute concentrations in headwater catchments and
at sampling points along the North Fork of Caspar Creek. Sampling points HEN, IVE and MUN occur at
the base of headwater catchments that were not harvested and therefore serve as reference watersheds
(Fig. 3). Sampling points BAN, CAR, EAG, GIB and KJE occur at the base of headwater catchments that
were clearcut harvested. Sampling points ARF, FLY, LAN and JOH occur along the main trunk of the
North Fork and are listed from downstream to upstream positions, respectively. Sampling point DOL
occurs below the EAG gauging station just before this tributary enters the North Fork.
There was considerable variability among the three reference watersheds (HEN, IVE and MUN) for the
following solutes: Na, Mg, Ca, Cl, SO4 and Si (Figs. 43 - 48). Thus, without several years of preharvest
data, it is not possible to determine how much of the solute variability is due to harvesting impacts rather
than spatial variability between watersheds. It was previously shown that the most obvious effect of
harvesting was elevated NO3 concentrations in stream water. All three reference watersheds showed
virtually no detectable concentrations of nitrate indicating that the nitrogen cycle is tightly closed within
the second growth forests (Fig. 49). Stream water draining the clearcut watersheds (BAN, CAR, EAG,
GIB, and KJE) showed enhanced NO3 concentrations with a maximum concentration of about 70 µM in
watershed EAG (Appendix I). Nitrate concentrations were quickly reduced downstream from the
harvested watersheds. For example, sampling point JOH occurs just downstream from the confluence of
watersheds MUN and KJE and shows much lower NO3 concentrations than that of the clearcut watershed
(KJE). Sampling point LAN occurs at a point downstream of watersheds MUN, KJE, JOH, IVE and HEN
and shows even lower NO3 concentrations. Similarly, sampling point DOL is immediately downstream of
the clearcut watershed EAG and shows a large decrease in NO3 concentrations relative to that leaving
EAG. At the sampling point furthest downstream (ARF), NO3 concentrations are generally <1µM
indicating that little NO3 is leaving the larger watershed even though concentrations exiting clearcut
watersheds may be much higher. The decrease in NO3 concentrations as the water enters higher order
streams is due to dilution, and may also be the result of in-stream immobilization of NO3 by biota or
denitrification within the riparian zone soils. It is most likely that dilution is the primary mechanism,
especially at high discharge since the water residence time within the North Fork watershed is very low
resulting in little time for biological processes to affect water quality.
92
Watershed
Fig. 43.
Box and whisker plots indicating range of stream water pH values in the various
subwatersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek watershed for the period April, 1993 to June,
1996. The 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentiles are displayed along with the mean line within
box and data (circles) outside the 10th and 90th percentiles. Reference watersheds: H=HEN,
I=IVE and M=MUN; clearcut watersheds: B=BAN (1991), C=CAR (1991), E=EAG (1991),
G=GIB (1991), K=KJE (1989); other sampling points: A=ARF, D=DOL, F=FLY, J=JOH and
L=LAN.
93
Watershed
Fig. 44.
Box and whisker plots indicating range of stream water calcium concentrations in the various
subwatersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek watershed for the period April, 1993 to June,
1996. The 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentiles are displayed along with the mean line within
box and data (circles) outside the 10th and 90th percentiles. Reference watersheds: H=HEN,
I=IVE and M=MUN; clearcut watersheds: B=BAN (1991), C=CAR (1991), E=EAG (1991),
G=GIB (1991), K=KJE (1989); other sampling points: A=ARF, D=DOL, F=FLY, J=JOH and
L=LAN.
94
Watershed
Fig. 45.
Box and whisker plots indicating range of stream water magnesium concentrations in the
various subwatersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek watershed for the period April, 1993
to June, 1996. The 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentiles are displayed along with the mean line
within box and data (circles) outside the 10th and 90th percentiles. Reference watersheds:
H=HEN, I=IVE and M=MUN; clearcut watersheds: B=BAN (1991), C=CAR (1991),
E=EAG (1991), G=GIB (1991), K=KJE (1989); other sampling points: A=ARF, D=DOL,
F=FLY, J=JOH and L=LAN.
95
Watershed
Fig. 46.
Box and whisker plots indicating range of stream water potassium concentrations in the
various subwatersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek watershed for the period April, 1993
to June, 1996. The 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentiles are displayed along with the mean line
within box and data (circles) outside the 10th and 90th percentiles. Reference watersheds:
H=HEN, I=IVE and M=MUN; clearcut watersheds: B=BAN (1991), C=CAR (1991),
E=EAG (1991), G=GIB (1991), K=KJE (1989); other sampling points: A=ARF, D=DOL,
F=FLY, J=JOH and L=LAN.
96
Watershed
Fig. 47.
Box and whisker plots indicating range of stream water sodium concentrations in the various
subwatersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek watershed for the period April, 1993 to June,
1996. The 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentiles are displayed along with the mean line within
box and data (circles) outside the 10th and 90th percentiles. Reference watersheds: H=HEN,
I=IVE and M=MUN; clearcut watersheds: B=BAN (1991), C=CAR (1991), E=EAG (1991),
G=GIB (1991), K=KJE (1989); other sampling points: A=ARF, D=DOL, F=FLY, J=JOH and
L=LAN.
97
Watershed
Fig. 48.
Box and whisker plots indicating range of stream water chloride concentrations in the various
subwatersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek watershed for the period April, 1993 to June,
1996. The 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentiles are displayed along with the mean line within
box and data (circles) outside the 10th and 90th percentiles. Reference watersheds: H=HEN,
I=IVE and M=MUN; clearcut watersheds: B=BAN (1991), C=CAR (1991), E=EAG (1991),
G=GIB (1991), K=KJE (1989); other sampling points: A=ARF, D=DOL, F=FLY, J=JOH and
L=LAN.
98
Watershed
Fig. 49.
Box and whisker plots indicating range of stream water nitrate concentrations in the various
subwatersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek watershed for the period April, 1993 to June,
1996. The 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentiles are displayed along with the mean line within
box and data (circles) outside the 10th and 90th percentiles. Reference watersheds: H=HEN,
I=IVE and M=MUN; clearcut watersheds: B=BAN (1991), C=CAR (1991), E=EAG (1991),
G=GIB (1991), K=KJE (1989); other sampling points: A=ARF, D=DOL, F=FLY, J=JOH and
L=LAN.
99
Watershed
Fig. 50.
Box and whisker plots indicating range of stream water sulfate concentrations in the various
subwatersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek watershed for the period April, 1993 to June,
1996. The 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentiles are displayed along with the mean line within
box and data (circles) outside the 10th and 90th percentiles. Reference watersheds: H=HEN,
I=IVE and M=MUN; clearcut watersheds: B=BAN (1991), C=CAR (1991), E=EAG (1991),
G=GIB (1991), K=KJE (1989); other sampling points: A=ARF, D=DOL, F=FLY, J=JOH and
L=LAN.
100
Watershed
Fig. 51.
Box and whisker plots indicating range of stream water silicon concentrations in the various
subwatersheds of the North Fork, Caspar Creek watershed for the period April, 1993 to June,
1996. The 10th, 25th 75th and 90th percentiles are displayed along with the mean line within
box and data (circles) outside the 10th and 90th percentiles. Reference watersheds: H=HEN,
I=IVE and M=MUN; clearcut watersheds: B=BAN (1991), C=CAR (1991), E=EAG (1991),
G=GIB (1991), K=KJE (1989); other sampling points: A=ARF, D=DOL, F=FLY, J=JOH and
L=LAN.
101
With the exception of increased NO3 concentrations, there was no other obvious impact of harvesting on
stream water solute concentrations. Another trend worth noting is the apparent increase in K, Mg, Ca and
SO4 concentrations with decreasing elevations within the watershed (MUN --> ARF) (Figs. 50, 44, 45 &
47). No obvious explanation for this trend is apparent. The pH values are relatively uniform across the
various watersheds (Fig. 51) while Na, Cl and Si concentrations (Figs. 43, 46 & 48) are relatively uniform
with a few outlying values occurring in some watersheds.
Suspended Sediments
Suspended sediment (>0.4 µm) is often a major form of elemental loss from forested ecosystems
following harvest, especially for the elements P, C, Fe, Al and Si. We collected stream water for chemical
analysis of suspended sediments from three major storm events during the 1994-95 water year. We
obtained sufficient sample from the clearcut watershed (KJE) for all three events, but only enough
suspended sediment from the January collection in the reference watershed (MUN). Since the Caspar
Creek Research Team has collected the data on suspended sediment fluxes, it would be possible to
estimate elemental losses (kg/ha/yr) associated with the suspended sediment fraction.
The composition of the suspended sediments indicates that they consist of a mixture of organic and
inorganic materials (Table 25). Elemental concentrations for the three samples from the clearcut
watershed were similar; however, carbon concentrations varied by a factor of three between the collection
periods. Of the two watersheds, the reference watershed had a substantially greater organic matter
component as indicated by higher carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Much of the mineral matter
contained in the suspended sediment load of the reference watershed has probably originated from stream
channel erosion since the litter layer at the surface of the forest soil minimizes surface runoff and erosion.
In contrast, the loss of the litter layer from the clearcut watershed results in a greater potential for surface
erosion of mineral soil materials. Thus, the higher organic matter concentration of suspended sediments in
the reference watershed probably reflects the contrasting nature of the soil surface in the two watersheds.
The chemical composition of the suspended sediments is dominated by silicon, with appreciable
concentrations of aluminum and iron. This is consistent with these constituents representing the dominant
rock-forming elements. Similarly, the concentrations of base cations (Ca, Mg, Na and K) are likely
regulated by the mineralogical composition of bedrock and soil The carbon and nitrogen content
originates from organic matter. The C/N molar ratio of the suspended sediments ranged between 31 and
59 which falls between the C/N molar ratio of the litter layer (91) and A horizons (26) (Table 2).
Phosphorus in the suspended sediment may originate from both organic matter and ortho-phosphate
adsorbed on mineral surfaces.
An estimate of nitrogen lost in the suspended sediment fraction from the reference (MUN) and
clearcut (KJE) watersheds was made from suspended sediment data collected by the Caspar Creek
Research Team. The suspended sediment load predicted for an unlogged condition in water years
1990-96 for the entire North Fork Caspar Creek experimental watershed was about 385 kg/ha/yr
before harvest activities (Lewis, personal communication). If the nitrogen concentration (4.4 g N/kg)
of the suspended sediments from the reference watershed (MUN) is representative of that for the
102
Table 25. Elemental composition of suspended sediments contained in the stream water of a clearcut (KJE) and reference (MUN)
watershed during selected storm events in the 1994-95 water year.
--------------------- Watershed KJE ------------------December
Element
†
January
March
Mean±Std.
Dev.
------------------- Watershed MUN ------------------December
January
March
Mean±Std.
Dev.
----------------------------------------------- mg/kg suspended sediment --------------------------------------------------
Al
3.28
3.51
3.82
3.5±4.27
NA†
2.98
NA
Si
26.1
29.3
30.1
28.5±12.1
NA
25.8
NA
Fe
2.54
2.47
3.47
2.83±.56
NA
1.83
NA
Ca
0.52
0.44
0.41
0.46±.06
NA
0.21
NA
Mg
1.89
1.76
1.82
1.82±.07
NA
1.33
NA
K
1.30
1.21
1.43
1.31±.11
NA
0.82
NA
Na
0.63
0.41
0.32
0.45±.16
NA
0.13
NA
N
0.21
0.15
0.12
0.16±.05
0.65
0.28
0.40
P
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.13±.02
NA
0.04
NA
C
9.1
5.8
3.2
6.01±3.0
29.3
14.3
22.6
Not analyzed due to insufficient sample.
0.44± .19
22.1± 7.5
entire watershed before harvest, 1.7 kg N/ha/yr would be lost from the watershed as suspended sediment.
Harvest activities within the entire North Fork experimental watershed resulted in an increase of 345
kg/ha/yr of suspended sediment (Lewis, personal communication). However, the total nitrogen lost from
the clearcut watershed (1.2 kg N/ha/yr) was actually somewhat lower than that lost from the reference
watershed because of the lower nitrogen concentration associated with suspended sediment from the
clearcut watershed (1.6 g N/kg). Because of the limited data collected in this study and the large temporal
variability associated with suspended sediment fluxes over the course of a harvest rotation, it is very
difficult to estimate the long-term nitrogen fluxes from these watersheds.
Ecosystem Nitrogen Budget
An ecosystem nitrogen budget demonstrating the effects of clearcut harvest management is provided
below as an example of how all the data provided in this report can be integrated. Sustainable forestry is
based on the premise of removing essential nutrients at a rate less than or equal to that which can be
replenished by natural processes. As shown in the preceding discussion, nitrogen is lost from the
ecosystem primarily by biomass removal, suspended sediment transport, and leaching. Denitrification
may also result in nitrogen loss; however, we have no estimates of how much nitrogen may be lost by this
mechanism. The primary inputs of nitrogen into the ecosystem are atmospheric deposition and nitrogen
fixation, primarily by Ceanothus. A nitrogen budget was calculated on the basis of estimated nitrogen
inputs and outputs over the course of an 80-year harvest rotation (Table 26). Nitrogen losses are
dominated by biomass removal (~ 950 kg/ha/rotation), which removes about 60 percent of the nitrogen
contained in the biomass. Although the nitrogen loss in the suspended sediment fraction cannot be
precisely estimated, it appears to be on the order of 1.0 to 2.0 kg N/ha/yr or 80 to 160 kg N/ha/rotation.
The stream water N flux further results in the loss of about 20 kg N/ha/rotation. The summation of these
losses greatly exceed the only measured input of about 20 kg N/ha/rotation in the bulk precipitation.
Regardless of the amount of nitrogen lost in the suspended sediment fraction, there is a net loss of
nitrogen from this ecosystem based on measured fluxes.
These budget calculations suggest a nonsustainable forest management practice over the long term;
however, nitrogen fixers such as Ceanothus can contribute appreciable nitrogen inputs into these
ecosystems. Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (blue-blossom ceanothus) is an aggressive invader after clearcutting,
and it has the potential to fix large quantities of nitrogen to replenish the nitrogen deficit imposed by
harvesting. Nitrogen fixation rates for Ceanothus veluntinus in the Oregon Cascades range from 70 to 100
kg N/ha/yr (Binkley et al.,1982; Youngberg and Wollum, 1976). These data, as well as data reported in the
literature (e.g., Swanson and Franklin, 1992), suggest that nitrogen fixation by Ceanothus may be
necessary to maintain the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. Additional
research appears warranted to determine the importance of Ceanothus in the post-harvest recovery of the
nitrogen capital in this ecosystem.
104
Table 26. Nitrogen budget for clearcut harvest management based on an 80-year
harvest rotation. The suspended sediment flux is estimated based on
limited data from this study.
Nutrient component
Soil pool
Biomass pool
Atmospheric deposition
Nitrogen fixation flux
Harvest removal flux
Stream-water flux
Suspended sediment flux
Nitrogen pool
--- kg/ha --
Nitrogen fluxes
-- kg/ha/rotation --
9,500
1,480
+20
+?
-950
-10
-80 to -160
Conclusions
Soils
There were minimal changes in soil properties and soil nutrient pools following clearcutting. The 1-3 cm
thick litter layer (Oi/Oa) was largely lost from the clearcut watershed due to mixing and decomposition
following harvest. This may lead to a greater erosion potential in the short-term following harvesting. Soil
pH in the A and AB horizons of the clearcut watershed was decreased by 0.2 to 0.5 units following
harvest. This pH depression will have little impact on ecosystem processes. There were no significant
changes to soil nutrient pools following clearcutting. Thus, clearcutting had no major effect on soil
properties and nutrient pools in the three years following harvest.
Biomass Nutrients
Rapid regrowth of redwood stump sprouts immobilized large concentrations of nutrients, thereby reducing
their loss by leaching from the watershed. A mean of 5020 redwood stem/ha having an above-ground
biomass of 15 Mg/ha was measured six years following the clearcut. The above-ground biomass of the
regenerating redwood contained 70, 56, 12, 80, 14 and 7 kg/ha of N, Ca, Mg, K, P and S, respectively.
This rapid regrowth of redwoods also provides soil cover which appreciably reduces the erosion potential
following harvest. Based on foliar nutrient concentrations in the redwood sprouts, there are no apparent
nutrient deficiencies limiting their regrowth. Harvesting of the 80-year-old redwood/Doug fir forest
resulted in removal (in wood and bark) of 949, 65, 405, 401 and 75 kg/ha of N, P, K, Ca and Mg,
respectively. A comparison of nutrients removed in biomass with soil nutrient pools indicates that N, P
and S are the most critical nutrients with respect to long-term forest productivity. The data suggest that
nitrogen fixation by Ceanothus species may be necessary to maintain the long-term productivity and
sustainability of these ecosystems. We conclude that the stump sprouting ability of redwood makes these
ecosystems comparatively resilient to the adverse effects of nutrient loss by leaching and erosion.
Ecosystem Waterflows
In the period 4-6 years following clearcutting, concentrations of most solutes in soil solutions were
significantly lower in the clearcut watershed. The only solute to show an increase in the clearcut
watershed was NO3. This is due to increased mineralization from organic matter (due to warmer and
moister soil conditions) and decreased uptake due to removal of vegetation. We believe the lower solute
concentrations in stream water from the clearcut watersheds reflect a dilution effect. Canopy interception
(10-16%) and higher evapotranspiration in the second growth forest substantially decrease the amount of
water leaching from the reference watershed. This is also reflected in the lack of streamflow in the
reference watershed following cessation of rainfall which is in contrast to water flow in the clearcut
watersheds that continued to flow throughout the dry summer months.
106
Stream water solute concentrations were similar between the reference and clearcut watersheds, except for
NO3 and SO4 which had higher concentrations in the clearcut watershed. Elevated concentrations of NO3
and SO4 are most likely due to increased leaching from the soil as mineralization is enhanced and uptake
by vegetation is greatly reduced. With the exception of NO3, all solute concentrations display a large
decrease due to dilution during high-discharge, storm events. In contrast, NO3 concentrations increase at
peak discharge probably reflecting a change in the hydrologic flowpath and source of the water. We
speculate that subsurface lateral flow above the clay-rich, argillic horizon and macropore flow through
root channels delivers NO3-enriched waters from the upper soil horizons during storm events. Much of
this water may reach the stream channel as pipeflow which has solute concentrations that can explain
many of the changes in stream water solute concentrations during storm events. The elevated
concentration of NO3 in the clearcut watersheds was rapidly decreased in the higher-order downstream
segments. This decrease in NO3 concentration is believed to be primarily due to dilution, although
in-stream immobilization and denitrification in the riparian zone may also have an effect. Thus, the
impacts of elevated NO3 concentrations on the aquatic community are primarily restricted to the stream
segment draining the clearcut watershed with little effect on the higher-order downstream segments.
Nutrient fluxes from the clearcut watershed were generally 2 to 2.5 times greater than those from the
adjacent reference watershed. Since stream water solute concentrations were similar in both watersheds,
the increased fluxes must be primarily due to an increased water flux in the clearcut watershed. While
elevated NO3 concentrations in stream water from the clearcut watershed might suggest a large loss of
nitrogen due to clearcutting, conversion to a flux (kg/ha/yr) indicates a maximum loss of only 1.85
kg/ha/yr and fluxes have decreased to <0.4 kg/ha/yr three years following the harvest. Thus, stream water
loss of nitrogen following clearcutting is not a major environmental concern in this redwood/Doug fir
ecosystem.
Suspended Sediment
Nutrient concentrations in suspended sediment (>0.4 µm) indicate a mixture of inorganic and organic
components. Suspended sediments in the reference watershed had a much larger organic component
compare to the clearcut watershed. Concentrations of N (1.2 - 6.5 g/kg) and P (1.1 - 1.5 g/kg) are
relatively high in the suspended sediments indicating that enhanced erosion could lead to appreciable
nutrient loss following forest harvest. An estimate of nitrogen loss by suspended sediment transport
indicates losses on the order of 1 to 2 kg N/ha/yr in both reference and clearcut watersheds. The greater
fluxes of suspended sediment in the clearcut watershed were offset by the lower nitrogen concentration of
the suspended sediment in the clearcut watershed.
107
Literature Cited
Binkley, D., K. Cromack and R.L. Fredriksen. 1982. Nitrogen accretion and availability in some
snowbrush ecosystems. Forest Science. 28:720-724.
Dahlgren, R.A. and C.T. Driscoll. 1994. The effects of whole-tree clearcutting on soil processes at the
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Plant Soil. 158:239-262.
Driscoll, C.T., R.D. Fuller and D.M. Simone. 1988. Longitudinal variations in trace metal concentrations
in a northern forested ecosystem. J. Environ. Quality. 17:101-107.
Gholz, H.L., C.C. Grier, A.G. Campbell and A.T. Brown. 1979. Equations for estimating biomass and
leaf area of plants in the Pacific Northwest. Research Paper 41. Forest Research Laboratory,
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. 37 p.
Johnson, D.W. and D.W. Cole. 1980. Anion mobility in soils: relevance to nutrient transport from
terrestrial ecosystems. Environ. Int. 3:79-90.
Keppeler, E.T. and R.R. Ziemer. 1990. Logging effects on streamflow: water yield and summer low
flows at Caspar Creek in Northwestern California. Water Resour. Res. 26:1669-1679.
Krammes, J.S. and D.M. Burns. 1973. Road construction on Caspar Creek watersheds ... a 10-year
progress report. Res. Paper PSW-93. Pac. Southwest For. and Range Exp. Stn. U.S. Dept. of
Agric. Berkeley, CA. 10 p.
Olsen, S.R. and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus. pp. 403-430. In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R.
Kenney (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties.
Agronomy Monogr. No. 9 (2nd ed.). Am. Soc. of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
Pitt, R.L., H.J. Percival, R.A. Dahlgren and L.F. Hill. 1997. Soil and solution chemistry under pasture
and radiata pine in New Zealand. Plant Soil. 191:279-290.
Parkinson, J.A. and S.E. Allen. 1975. A wet oxidation procedure suitable for the determination of N and
mineral nutrients in biological material. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6:1-11.
Rice, R.M., F.B. Tilley and P.A. Datzman. 1979. A watershed's response to logging and roads: South
Fork of Caspar Creek, California, 1967-1976. Res. Paper PSW-146. Pac. Southwest For. and
Range Exp. Stn., U.S. Dept. of Agric. Berkeley, CA. 12 p.
Soil Survey Staff, 1984. Procedures for collecting soil samples and methods of analysis for soil survey.
Soil Survey Investigations Rep. No. 1. USDA-SCS Agric. Handbook 436. U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC.
108
Swanson, F.J. and JR Franklin. 1992. New forestry principles from ecosystem analysis of Pacific
Northwest forest. Ecological Applications. 2:262-274.
Thomas, R.B. 1990. Problems in determining the return of a watershed to pretreatment conditions:
techniques applied to a study at Caspar Creek, California. Water Resour. Res. 26:2079-2087.
Tilley, F.B. and R.M. Rice. 1977. Caspar Creek watershed study -- A current status report. State Forest
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9 (2nd ed.). Am. Soc. of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
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northern California. M.S. thesis. Humboldt State Univ., Arcata, CA. 15 p.
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runoff at Caspar Creek in northwestern California. Water Resour. Res. 26:1657-1667.
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109
Appendices
A
Precipitation chemistry - watershed KJE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
B
Canopy throughfall - redwood - watershed MUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
C
Canopy throughfall - Doug fir - watershed MUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
D
Stream water chemistry - watershed AEI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
E
Stream water chemistry - watershed ARF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
F
Stream water chemistry - watershed BAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
G
Stream water chemistry - watershed CAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
H
Stream water chemistry - watershed DOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
1
Stream water chemistry - watershed EAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
J
Stream water chemistry - watershed FLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
K
Stream water chemistry - watershed GIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
L
Stream water chemistry - watershed HEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
M
Stream water chemistry - watershed IVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
N
Stream water chemistry - watershed JOH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
O
Stream water chemistry - watershed KJE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
P
Stream water chemistry - watershed LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Q
Stream water chemistry - watershed MUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
R
Pipeflow - watershed KJE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
S
Pipeflow - watershed MUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
T
Soil solution chemistry - watershed KJE & MUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
U
Manuscript presented at the Caspar Creek Symposium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
110
Caspar Creek - Precipitation Chemistry - Watershed KJE
Type
Date
pH
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
PPT
11 /03/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/15/92
12/15/92
12/31 /92
12/31/92
01 /07/93
01 /07/93
01/13/93
01 /13/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
02/04/93
02/04/93
02/26/93
02/26/93
03/23/93
04/06/93
04/06/93
04/29/93
04/29/93
06/03/93
06/03/93
12/18/93
01 /27/94
01 /27/94
02/18/94
03/18/94
12/06/94
12/06/94
12/18/94
01 /05/95
01/05/95
01/15/95
01 /31 /95
01 /31 /95
02/20/95
02/20/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
12/21/95
01 /20/96
02/11/96
03/10/96
03/30/96
6.93
7.71
7.63
6.96
5.97
5.82
6.18
6.52
5.81
5.84
5.84
5.74
5.73
5.77
6.13
7.13
5.50
5.84
6.14
5.64
5.45
6.43
7.10
6.96
7.38
6.05
5.70
6.40
5.95
5.65
7.06
7.28
5.60
6.01
5.88
6.68
7.12
7.10
7.50
7.11
7.28
7.08
6.58
5.36
5.80
5.95
7.30
Na
µM
66.6
30.4
26.1
32.6
43.5
35.2
98.3
95.7
18.7
19.0
54.9
41.5
21.4
24.1
38.8
36.5
87.0
91.3
69.4
43.5
47.8
47.5
47.1
37.3
49.2
28.5
27.5
29.5
28.3
69.6
71.3
79.2
42.2
23.1
33.5
67.5
27.5
38.4
37.2
91.0
37.7
28.8
56.3
83.0
82.2
28.3
37.8
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.11
0.00
0.30
0.57
0.00
0.59
0.52
0.00
0.50
0.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
0:00
0.00
0.00
3.64
9.40
0.00
6.20
12.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.71
0.00
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
K
µM
4.1
2.6
0.0
4.1
2.6
1.5
2.8
3.3
0.5
0.5
2.1
1.5
0.7
0.6
1.1
1.1
2.6
5.1
4.3
2.6
2.6
3.4
5.3
4.0
8.0
4.8
8.3
1.4
1.0
3.8
1.8
5.1
1.3
1.0
1.0
3.8
1.0
18.3
1.8
5.2
18.6
22.5
3.1
3.3
4.1
1.0
10.0
Mg
µM
9.5
8.2
4.1
9.9
11.1
9.5
17.7
19.3
6.3
6.4
10.3
9.6
7.2
7.9
13.7
9.6
20.6
16.5
15.9
12.3
12.3
15.3
17.5
17.7
17.9
15.2
19.4
11.0
9.3
14.4
15.6
18.9
8.2
9.1
9.5
19.6
11.1
7.8
10.2
22.7
7.8
10.3
14.2
26.3
18.5
9.3
9.0
111
Ca
µM
0.2
5.0
5.0
11.7
8.7
5.5
7.2
9.2
5.8
8.9
6.8
5.8
7.3
5.6
17.6
7.3
20.0
7.5
13.4
10:0
10.0
19.3
28.6
35.8
36.7
30.4
40.1
20.7
8.6
8.7
9.2
20:2
11.2
9:0
8.2
15.7
26.1
13.1
7.4
36.0
13.8
20.6
14.2
22.2
19.5
8.6
10.2
CI
µM
73.0
25.0
29.0
38.0
50.0
43.0
110.0
112.6
24.0
24.4
57.3
47.6
25.7
21.1
50.0
41.6
79.0
42.0
45.7
44.0
44.0
49.5
41.8
42.7
55.0
31.3
33.0
29.5
30.5
43.0
76.2
76.8
46.3
24.6
36.3
66.2
33.1
31.9
77.5
44.8
17.3
69.3
56.6
52.1
57.9
30.5
54.7
N03
µM
3.00
2.00
5.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.40
1.90
2.01
2.74
2.75
4.00
0.73
1.26
0.00
2.01
1.00
0.00
1.42
0.00
.00
2.85
0.64
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
P04
µM
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.58
0.60
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.56
0.00
3.86
7.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.48
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
S04
Si
µM
µM
7.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
8.1
7.9
2.5
2.5
3.7
4.1
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.9
6.0
7.0
6.2
5.0
5.0
5.4
4.8
4.9
5.6
3.3
3.8
2.7
3.8
6.0
4.9
5.6
4.4
2.4
5.2
4.4
2.1
2.6
6.8
4.2
1.8
6.5
5.4
3.7
3.5
3.8
4.7
2.3
2.1
2.4
3.0
2.6
2.5
3.1
3.6
2.8
3.5
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.4
3.0
3.0
2.6
2.6
1.6
2.2
2.6
2.4
7.9
7.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.0
0.0
2.1
1.3
1.5
2.2
2.0
1.4
1.9
0.0
4.3
2.1
0.0
1.9
Caspar Creek - Canopy Throughfall Chemistry - Watershed MUN
Type Species
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
Date
01/29/94
01 /29/94
01 /29/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
12/18/94
12/18/94
12/18/94
01 /05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/14/95
01/14/95
01/14/95
02/07/95
02/07/95
02/07/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
03/11 /95
03/11/95
03/11/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
03/17/96
03117/96
03/17/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
pH
7.14
7.26
7.60
6.68
6.44
6.86
6.68
6.57
6.56
5.78
6.05
6.10
5.59
5.33
5.08
6.53
6.68
6.77
5.58
5.90
5.63
5.49
7.13
5.47
5.67
5.65
5.66
5.56
6.54
5.58
5.74
5.86
5.58
5.78
5.78
5.77
5.35
5.21
5.25
6.36
6.291
6.18
Na
µM
51.1
54.3
37.0
46.2
45.3
53.7
244.5
242.7
292.3
148.3
108.3
107.9
19.3
20.7
20.1
17.9
16.0
20.6
315.6
83.3
101.9
81.5
27.1
29.8
404.8
127.0
135.7
42.6
35.7
32.2
113.0
95.7
111.7
107.4
98.7
90.0
65.7
71.3
65.21
101.9
104.9
134.6
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
5.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.59
7.59
0.16
8.07
1.78
1.07
0.00
2.56
0.00
4.36
0.00
0.00
2.86
0.71
1.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.14
2.86
4.29
2.86
0.00
13.05
6.75
K
µM
24.5
26.0
19.0
16.1
19.7
18.7
234.5
186.7
171.9
48.3
50.6
45.5
21.4
18.6
19.6
9.4
8.7
12.0
94.3
51.2
75.0
30.0
23.7
23.2
131.5
119.2
126.3
24.8
18.7
15.3
41.9
49.4
46.81
28.91
28.4
33.2
19.7
22.3
19.9
67.2
68.9
100.8
Mg
µM
28.8
22.7
18.8
15.6
11.9
22.2
81.5
86.0
85.6
30.9
39.1
31.3
23.4
22.5
9.0
8.3
8.1
6.7
44.5
23.5
29.9
18.5
15.7
14.8
68.7
64.6
56.8
40.3
14.4
7.8
47.3
32.5
40.3
44.0
22.2
32.1
17.3
16.9
16.9
32.6
31.4
43.7
112
Ca
µM
57.8
38.6
36.0
26.2
19.5
29.8
117.5
117.5
86.8
33.7
50.2
41.9
30.7
22.5
15.5
13.0
15.5
20.6
38.4
35.1
35.5
25.5
32.7
35.5
65.6
112.7
47.4
24.9
19.0
7.7
37.2
36.2
42.4
63.81
35.4
32.7
33.9
28.9
33.4
51.8
44.7
80.1
CI
µM
61.7
52.8
48.7
65.4
61.3
68.0
374.8
388.8
434.1
175.8
135.8
130.2
93.8
90.8
103.1
42.8
38.5
48.6
174.8
139.9
147.0
39.2
36.8
44.1
434.4
175.8
200.3
52.3
41.1
35.9
101.2
82.8
108.3
84.9
73.8
90.0
85.9
101.7
93.3
133.6
136.1
176.7
NO3
µM
4.06
6.03
2.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0:00
0.00
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.05
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.75
0.00
0.00
1.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.69
1.78
2.49
2.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
2.34
2.03
2.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
51.53
55.55
46.28
5.87
9.35
6.75
0.99
1.84
1.27
1.99
1.83
3.21
5.42
5.99
2.22
1.39
2.78
1.41
28.08
15.06
19.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.54
5.36
3.94
2.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.71
0.00
10.01
10.56
24.86
SO4
µM
5.6
5.2
3.5
3.9
4.8
4.8
21.5
21.9
26.4
9.9
6.8
7.2
4.8
5.5
5.9
3.3
2.9
3.4
10.8
10.9
9.3
3.1
3.1
3.9
24.4
10.5
10.0
4.0
2.8
3.2
6.2
5.4
6.4
5.0
4.5
10.3
6.1
6.3
5.7
9.4
11.7
15.1
Si
µM
8.2
4.8
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
18.9
10.7
18.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
1.6
2.2
2.3
2.1
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.7
4.6
5.3
1.8
2.1
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
2.5
0.9
Caspar Creek - Canopy Throughfall Chemistry - Watershed MUN
Type
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
Species
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
Date
pH
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
12/18/94
12/18/94
12/18/94
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/14/95
01/14/95
01/14/95
02/07/95
02/07/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
03/17/96
03/17/96
03/17/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
7.02
6.89
7.10
6.89
6.51
6.60
6.35
6.13
6.67
5.59
5.76
6.49
5.58
5.59
5.69
6.26
6.51
5.51
5.34
5.17
5.45
5.58
5.87
5.46
5.66
5.51
5.41
5.61
5.48
5.39
5.54
5.53
5.74
5.83
5.60
5.56
5.61
5.58
6.13
6.38
5.98
Na
µM
102.8
99.9
175.5
131.0
126.2
103.1
762.5
1048.7
816.0
283.6
311.9
342.6
36.0
23.6
111.1
109.4
35.8
201.1
514.1
251.8
355.9
80.6
403.9
407.4
165.2
305.7
113.9
92.6
83.0
310.9
253.5
213.0
208.3
163.0
213.9
170.0
153.5
196.1
413.0
319.6
394.7
NH4
µM
6.23
8.14
0.00
0.00
3.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.64
0.39
0.69
0.00
0.00
1.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
40.8
30.3
61.1
49.1
31.4
32.3
193.9
227.1
293.1
61.6
74.7
61.3
31.4
53.9
21.1
17.7
13.7
76.3
102.2
84.2
88.8
29.8
20.7
65.4
107.4
111.5
19.7
24.8
28.4
50.6
57.3
48.1
36.3
32.5
32.7
27.1
36.3
36.3
99.3
78.9
79.3
113
Mg
µM
27.0
28.1
24.3
22.0
21.4
24.9
148.9
183.9
146.9
62.5
52.3
47.9
22.7
20.1
20.2
11.0
9.4
39.0
75.3
42.5
68.4
18.6
88.2
65.8
49.0
59.7
17.3
15.2
32.5
67.5
41.6
46.9
31.3
35.4
43.2
23.9
33.3
62.1
76.3
63.0
76.3
Ca
µM
36.5
30.5
31.8
26.5
28.8
79.5
107.0
124.0
106.5
86.8
39.4
38.2
24.5
18.2
26.0
13.7
15.0
32.2
191.2
43.8
204.6
24.8
138.2
57.9
50.9
66.3
17.7
19.5
43.6
30.2
38.7
58.4
34.2
41.4
35.2
32.7
67.1
50.4
72.4
57.4
69.5
CI
µM
77.4
95.3
133.5
145.3
144.7
114.0
946.6
1396.6
1013.8
335.1
351.4
389.0
124.4
103.4
117.5
71.2
54.7
438.7
368.6
291.6
75.5
88.0
49.1
432.8
217.4
283.9
84.0
65.5
73.1
292.8
217.1
195.9
160.6
121.7
173.2
167.4
158.8
179.3
545.0
368.3
523.5
NO3
µM
5.50
1.76
0.00
0.00
1.60
2.65
0.00
37.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.78
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
6.90
5.04
5.51
4.08
1.91
3.89
61.73
93.39
68.48
8.79
7.59
4.91
2.16
2.55
2.33
3.96
4.99
9.63
8.58
10.45
4.26
4.45
3.05
15.30
21.15
25.18
0.00
0.00
2.00
2.56
4.64
4.27
1.32
1.47
1.57
0.00
4.23
0.00
8.88
10.02
10.66
SO4
µM
7.1
8.0
11.0
7.4
8.1
7.1
60.7
114.0
59.2
17.4
16.7
20.5
6.7
5.9
6.0
4.2
4.1
16.3
17.3
13.4
5.1
4.8
3.5
24.8
10.1
21.1
5.9
5.7
4.7
15.0
10.9
10.6
9.4
7.3
9.9
9.1
8.5
10.0
28.1
21.9
29.8
Si
µM
6.1
11.3
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
5.3
4.5
2.5
1.9
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
5.7
6.0
2.1
2.8
3.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
1.4
3.2
Caspar Creek - Watershed AEI
#
DATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
04/16/92
04/16/92
04/17/92
04/17/92
04/17/92
04/17192
04/17/92
04/17/92
04/17/92
04/17/92
04/17/92
04/17/92
04/17/92
TIME
22:25
23:25
00:25
01:25
02:25
03:25
04:25
05:25
06:25
07:25
08:25
09:25
10:15
Streamflow
L/s
85.9
110.5
110.5
138.1
138.1
168.3
168.3
201.2
201.2
201.2
201.2
201.2
201.2
pH
7.33
7.55
7.40
7.46
7.48
7.30
7.30
7.54
7.47
7.43
7.55
7.52
7.42
Na
µM
437.4
428.2
441.8
460.1
464.1
438.6
477.6
469.9
466.7
481.7
483.2
490.3
478.51
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
26.3
25.3
25.8
26.5
27.6
25.9
25.8
26.0
25.3
26.7
26.2
26.5
26.4
114
Mg
µM
149.0
149.0
153.5
157.4
158.0
158.6
156.0
156.4
150.3
153.1
151.5
151.4
150.9
Ca
µM
257.6
253.9
268.4
274.9
268.6
270.0
265.1
256.8
247.2
257.6
254.8
255.5
254.3
CI
NO3
µM
µM
386.0 0.00
368.4 0.00
353.7 0.00
392.4 0.00
367.2 0.54
404.8 0.00
390.3 0.00
431.9 0.00
420.0 11.80
398.6 3.06
394.2 4.71
411.0 4.32
406.5 6.23
PO4
µM
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.08
0.14
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.00
0 00
SO4
µM
76.8
78.8
76.5
77.6
74.6
77.8
76.4
76.5
75.5
74.1
74.4
74.3
74 9
HCO3
µM
737.1
733.4
804.8
803.6
827.9
761.1
802.5
737.4
704.3
779.7
774.4
766.7
752 7
Si
µM
278.5
270.8
279.7
286.9
294.3
289.9
293.3
293.2
292.8
299.6
298.4
297.1
297.5
Caspar Creek • Watershed ARF
#
DATE
TIME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
04/10/91
04/16/91
04/24/91
05/01/91
02/05/92
02/11/92
02/13/92
02/25/92
03/04/92
03/11/92
03/25/92
04/08/92
04/16/92
04/23/92
04/29/92
05/06/92
05/21/92
06/11/92
07/09/92
08/04/92
09/15/92
11/04/92
11/19/92
12/02/92
12/16/92
12/30/92
01/12/93
02/17/93
03/03/93
03/24/93
04/06/93
04/28/93
05/12/93
05/27/93
06/09/93
07/02/93
07/22/93
08/10/93
09/07/93
10/20/93
12/01/93
12/29/93
02/02/94
02/02/94
03/16/94
05/18/94
06/29/94
10/05/94
11/02/94
12/06/94
01/03/95
02/01/95
03/01/95
04/05/95
05/05/95
06/05/95
11/01/95
12/05/95
01/11/96
02/09/96
03/19/96
04/03/96
05/08/96
10:53
11:57
11:36
12:21
11:40
12:55
11:46
14:30
10:17
11:55
11:45
11:10
10:30
12:45
13:18
10:39
11:20
11:56
12:00
10:00
11:45
16:30
11:50
12:50
14:00
11:10
10:57
12:30
10:56
15:05
12:02
14:12
15:36
15:50
10:30
10:20
16:00
10:50
10:40
11:51
12:12
15:01
12:31
14:45
15:54
15:40
14:00
10:00
14:00
14:53
11:09
12:51
11:39
12:20
13:20
12:25
12:00
12:00
12:00
13:54
13:37
14:30
09:46
Streamflow
L/s
6.7
6.7
4.2
6.7
13.9
238.4
445.6
97.9
30.7
30.7
24.3
6.7
13.9
30.7
10.0
10.0
4.2
1.2
0.7
0.1
0.0
4.2
0.4
6.7
37.9
492.9
255.1
64.4
64.4
218.6
64.4
64.4
18.7
218.6
54.7
6.7
2.4
1.2
0.4
0.1
1.2
4.2
18.7
18.7
13.9
6.7
1.2
0.7
1.2
4.2
45.9
697.0
10.0
30.7
110.5
10.0
missing
missing
missing
168.3
85.9
74.8
30.7
pH
7.57
7.18
7.42
7.19
7.07
7.51
7.05
7.02
7.23
7.32
7.30
7.66
7.10
7.40
7.44
7.65
7.64
7.39
7.38
7.35
7.45
7.23
7.46
7.53
7.24
6.81
7.27
7.52
7.55
7.48
7.52
6.84
6.87
7.13
7.08
7.21
7.31
7.19
7.64
6.96
7.38
7.32
7.60
7.10
6.73
7.37
7.54
6.95
7.31
6.98
7.35
6.40
6.69
6.81
6.92
7.30
7.38
7.37
7.45
7.36
7.46
7.62
7.63
Na
µM
480.0
476.0
506.0
499.0
559.8
484.6
445.0
458.5
510.2
603.7
505.8
506.0
564.7
527.4
567.1
550.8
536.8
566.0
576.1
603.3
608.7
630.3
600.3
574.2
451.9
421.5
468.2
452.0
508.9
530.7
539.4
494.6
526.6
553.8
551.2
596.3
619.0
632.8
654.7
665.5
585.3
551.3
511.6
513.7
577.1
572.8
584.6
729.7
691.2
584.6
481.1
433.6
620.8
442.5
450.4
515.3
638.3
648.7
628.3
431.7
438.3
461.8
489.3
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
25.0
24.0
25.0
25.0
22.6
23.7
23.7
22.7
24.4
24.3
24.6
24.8
30.9
29.7
31.5
22.6
26.4
29.2
29.9
26.9
29.9
33.0
30.7
28.1
26.6
23.5
22.9
22.9
23.0
28.1
23.0
25.8
25.1
30.5
25.4
28.7
28.9
27.9
28.6
23.8
24.1
22.2
23.3
23.6
31.8
32.8
41.4
38.1
30.4
27.4
24.3
23.7
27.6
24.3
26.6
25.4
29.2
29.9
35.3
22.2
21.5
22.6
21.7
115
Mg
Ca
µM
µM
143.0
223.0
163.0
266.0
175.0
292.0
168.0
289.0
171.4
279.4
150.8
246.2
124.6
200.4
131.9
214.3
150.8
247.6
153.4
312.0
147.2
241.3
165.7
273.6
179.3
310.2
158.9
269.9
176.1
300.5
194.3
323.4
193.5
335.8
190.6
339.4
210.6
367.2
223.4
407.9
238.3
422.8
230.8
400.4
238.6
414.2
226.2
394.2
148.1
247.3
119.7
206.1
127.9
214.7
139.7
245.6
144.0
249.5
148.1
242.0
152.2
264.5
144.9
270.7
165.1
309.2
153.7
283.8
156.2
289.6
180.9
341.6
191.2
360.5
199.3
377.5
211.3
398.1
239.4437.9440.7
222.9
387.4
194.4
341.8
160.1
292.0
160.4
293.2
184.8
318.7
195.3
3483
215.4
388.5
286.0
536.6
283.5
529.8
276.4
487.7
154.7
266.0
96.4
189.7
192.7
363.5
140.7
253.0
134.2
237.9
164.7
297.0
227.6
405.7
236.6
406.0
165.8
295.5
126.7
212.3
131.4
220.2
139.1
233.4
158.0
262.5
CI
NO3
µM
µM
407.0 0.60
421.0 0.30
419.0 0.00
410.0 0.00
427.2 2.76
453.2 7.05
458.0 13.61
431.7 0.00
465.8 0.85
471.8 0.40
449.8 0.04
472.0 0.00
468.5 0.00
455.6 0.00
466.4 8.44
464.3 0.00
438.0 0.00
528.1 0.00
526.2 0.00
496.0 0.00
529.7 0.00
538.0 2.00
518.0 0.00
503.0 0.00
423.0 5.00
393.9 1.80
411.9 1.86
369.2 0.00
429.0 0.00
406.0 0.00
403.0 0.00
385.9 0.00
416.3 0.00
365.0 0.00
415.2 0.00
440.3 0.00
508.2 0.00
449.4 0.00
518.8 0.00
0.00
0.00
468.3 0.00
457.3 0.00
423.0 4.05
384.7 2.05
392.7 0.00
395.8 0.00
625.5 0.00
482.5 0.00
447.6 0.00
523.1 8.15
414.2 2.76
350.3 2.05
428.2 12.14
407.4 0.00
364.8 0.00
454.6 0.00
455.8 0.00
436.0 0.00
424.5 0.00
411.0 0.00
398.8 0.00
460.5 0.00
505.7 0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
3.00
0.30
0.20
0.00
0.07
0.30
0.09
0.94
0.00
0.31
0.34
0.26
0.40
0.00
0.32
0.49
0.30
0.11
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.50
0.00
0.82
0.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
101.0
104.0
109.0
112.0
84.0
72.3
60.0
68.4
90.0
86.0
81.3
99.9
94.2
90.2
98.8
104.0
109.6
117.0
119.9
129.0
146.0
124.0
133.0
124.0
80.0
64.4
62.3
75.7
73.0
67.0
79.0
76.9
89.9
71.3
81.6
98.2
109.6
113.6
121.7
133.6
135.3
126.9
92.0
92.5
104.3
108.0
121.3
144.0
151.9
128.1
100.4
48.8
94.5
70.6
61.5
74.9
124.0
121.1
92.4
67.2
72.2
79.2
95.8
HCO3
µM
627.4
725.7
827.7
803.8
886.1
697.1
526.8
605.1
683.8
914.5
694.8
737.4
917.3
778.2
879.4
935.9
964.0
892.8
995.6
1138.8
1138.8
1137.7
1152.5
1091.2
681.2
572.1
637.9
725.0
743.9
799.0
834.7
811.8
904.1
951.7
889.7
1032.7
1024.0
1137.8
1139.9
1336.0
1090.0
934.9
828.0
872.8
1014.5
1079.5
965.7
1641.7
1595.8
1352.7
729.0
579.7
1131.5
705.4
733.4
859.6
1230.3
1285.7
976.9
583.7
619.7
610.6
654.7
Si
µM
missing
missing
missing
missing
262.5
252.8
252.3
298.8
298.9
298.9
299.7
299.6
299.1
297.7
302.4
308.4
306.7
311.0
313.8
307.8
305.6
311.0
276.2
313.5
201.4
269.3
280.6
279.8
299.0
293.7
301.6
277.9
285.9
293.6
313.5
318.8
308.2
306.8
300.4
274.9
276.8
281.3
306.4
296.6
295.3
293.2
281.4
266.2
269.4
272.9
266.6
278.8
305.7
308.0
304.6
299.0
267.3
245.2
400.0
301.8
303.9
299.6
318.9
Caspar Creek - Watershed BAN
#
DATE
TIME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
04/16/91
04/24/91
05/01/91
02/05/92
02/13/92
02/25/92
03/04/92
03/11/92
03/25/92
04/01/92
04/08/92
04/16/92
04/23/92
04/29/92
05/06/92
05/21/92
06/11/92
06/11/92
07/09/92
08/04/92
11/04/92
11/19/92
12/02/92
12/16/92
12/29/92
01/12/93
02/17/93
03/03/93
03/24/93
04/07/93
04/28/93
05/12/93
05/27/93
06109/93
07/02/93
07/22/93
08/10/93
09/07/93
12/29/93
02/02/94
03/16/94
04/13/94
05/18194
06129/94
10/05/94
12/06/94
01/03/95
02/01/95
03/01/95
04/05/95
05/05/95
06/05/95
11/01/95
12/05J95
01/11/96
03/19/96
04/03/96
05/08/96
12:44
13:02
12:47
13:00
13:00
14:50
11:08
13:03
13:05
14:10
12:36
11:27
13:35
14:03
12:30
12:16
12:30
12:40
12:40
11:00
16:25
13:00
13:15
14:30
13:10
12:43
12:45
15:22
14:40
12:19
11:15
10:30
15:40
12:30
15:45
15:55
12:15
11:30
15:00
14:12
15:45
11:20
12:05
12:59
13:00
13:10
13:15
15:53
13:09
13:30
14:08
12:53
12:00
12:00
12:00
13:22
14:25
09:56
Streamflow
L/s
6.77
0.0
0.0
1.4
14.3
3.5
2.5
2.5
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.2
0.8
2.2
1.0
1.4
2.5
14.3
6.5
2.2
2.2
6.5
2.8
2.8
1.2
7.4
2.2
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.8
2.0
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.0
0.1
1.7
2.8
11.1
1.0
1.2
2.8
1.2
missing
missing
missing
1.2
2.2
1.7
pH
7.42
7.16
7.30
7.17
7.03
7.00
7.26
7.57
7.11
7.31
7.23
7.13
7.26
7.25
7.37
7.28
7.24
7.04
7.16
7.46
7.53
7.29
7.37
7.16
6.97
7.28
7.49
7.42
7.51
7.45
6.88
6.81
7:18
7.17
7.07
7.22
7.00
7.57
7.36
7.20
6.66
7.40
7.43
7.42
7.08
7.15
7:23
6.44
6.48
7.15
6.90
7.21
7.45
7.26
7.54
7.25
7.58
7.55
Na
µM
674.0
732.0
744.0
633.5
529.8
599.4
673.9
746.2
644.8
660.0
681.1
695.1
699.6
736.8
690.0
698.0
760.4
756.6
722.0
758.6
664.2
791.6
704.7
554.6
585.9
581.0
603.8
639.4
595.9
865.6
616.9
693.2
615.6
528.0
763.9
814.3
971.8
880.6
679.1
618.7
689.8
842.4
702.4
756.6
904.4
674.6
548.1
363.2
520.4
565.3
528.3
665.1
688.7
914.8
767.0
526.5
479.4
608.4
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
29.0
29.0
29.0
25.9
30.3
29.2
31.7
33.9
30.4
32.0
33.8
35.1
36.7
37.4
28.8
34.1
32.2
36.8
34.2
29.9
31.5
33.2
30.7
32.2
33.5
29.3
28.4
30.7
30.7
33.2
28.2
29.2
30.8
24.2
32.3
35.2
38.3
33.8
26.3
28.4
30.7
43.7
35.4
33.8
32.8
28.4
26.6
20.1
25.0
29.5
26.9
36.0
29.9
34.5
38.1
24.9
24.1
25.3
Mg
µM
278.0
323.0
316.0
200.4
138.3
160.1
198.8
193.9
193.3
217.4
222.3
207.6
196.0
229.2
246.0
265.7
287.4
289.9
255.8
305.6
205.7
296.2
259.2
155.9
146.0
132.6
158.4
1681
148.1
172.8
163.2
199.9
153.8
146.3
231.7
266.5
289.5
326.2
240.7
168.7
214.3
274.0
238.2
304.5
413.7
345.2
145.2
96:3
171.4
165.1
136.0
212.6
204.5
380.7
195.9
146.6
143.8
186.6
116
Ca
µM
508.0
610.0
613.0
348.4
239.4
269.8
334.2
368.1
322.0
367.2
378.7
366.7
347.5
397.2
423.7
471.9
539.3
545.7
461.4
578.3
369.3
536.4
464.1
271.0
265.2
233.6
282.8
289.4
259.5
316.9
312.8
378.5
298.6
263.6
442.9
510.0
557.6
636.3
428.7
315.4
391.9
497.2
435.2
565.1
612.0
557.3
255.0
172.1
290.0
304.8
247.6
392.0
342.1
685.5
363.6
253.5
223.2
320.4
CI
µM
670.0
669.0
665.0
804.0
796.0
809.0
850.5
869.0
793.5
751.1
771.4
746.0
742.0
752.0
755.1
778.9
805.7
868.1
808.2
761.0
714.0
793.0
691.0
645.0
614.8
575.1
626.6
555.0
493.0
609.0
530.6
546.5
402.8
388.8
584.6
755.4
748.8
866.5
591.1
484.7
508.0
711.9
522.0
728.3
719.5
618.1
454.9
314.0
528.2
449.6
359.8
571.6
480.4
856.1
504.0
400.3
410.0
221.5
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.07
0.37
0.27
0.15
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
5.00
4.00
15.40
7.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.13
7.71
0.00
2.51
0.00
0.00
16.79
9.88
5.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.58
0.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.07
0.10
0.16
0.30
0.46
0.00
0.13
0.28
0.38
0.66
0.00
0.52
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
155.0
164.0
170.0
92.8
42.6
66.7
85.0
4.7
91.3
106.2
114.8
88.6
89.7
108.4
123.5
137.5
151.9
153.4
125.5
154.0
94.0
146.0
122.0
74.0
57.2
61.6
81.3
92.0
73.0
97.0
83.8
103.6
66.4
74.7
121.3
133.1
153.6
162.4
143.9
101.0
118.7
150.8
119.0
145.6
193.6
129.1
88.6
58.0
106.3
92.9
73.5
91.8
94.2
215.4
116.2
91.8
87.1
32.0
HCO3
µM
1295.0
1630.0
1626.0
767.3
434.2
551.7
751.0
865.3
729.0
897.7
915.7
955.1
901.4
1057.4
1055.6
1153.1
1336.3
1289.9
1131.4
1487.5
942.5
1405.1
1241.8
643.5
697.3
636.4
825.3
847.3
802.7
1075.1
898.8
1125.5
1015.3
833.7
1318.3
1380.7
1648.2
1648.2
1160.5
921.0
1187.5
1412.5
1324.6
1510.1
1865.2
1622.1
737.6
490.1
727.3
899.3
815.1
1154.6
1143.2
1794.9
1187.6
767.6
653.3
1362.4
Si
µM
missing
missing
missing
286.0
259.2
305.7
313.4
327.1
312.0
320.1
323.2
321.9
316.8
325.7
338.3
344.4
351.4
354.7
337.7
363.1
335.2
283.6
271.9
267.2
273.1
302.4
294.5
299.9
295.9
296.3
302.1
308.2
298.9
311.9
335.0
337.5
344.9
355.2
333.9
313.6
313.6
318.7
311.1
306.7
325.4
307.8
290.6
281.2
314.7
307.7
307.1
310.4
291.5
306.0
447.3
306.0
296.1
361.2
Caspar Creek - Watershed CAR
#
DATE
TIME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
04/16/91
04/24/91
05/01/91
02/05/92
02/11/92
02/13/92
02/25/92
03/04/92
03/11/92
03/25/92
04/01/92
04/08/92
04/16/92
04/23/92
04/29/92
05/06/92
05/12/92
05/21/92
06/11/92
07/09/92
08/04/92
11/04/92
11/19/92
12/02/92
12/29/92
01/12/93
02/17/93
03/03/93
03/24/93
04/07/93
04/28/93
05/12/93
05/27/93
06/09/93
07/02/93
07/22/93
08/10/93
09/07/93
10/20/93
12/01/93
12/29/93
02/02/94
03/16/94
04/13/94
05/18/94
06/29/94
11/02/94
12/06/94
01/03/95
02/01/95
03/01/95
04/05/95
05/05/95
06/05/95
01/11/96
02/09/96
03/19/96
04/03/96
05/08/96
13:07
13:34
13:03
13:13
15:40
13:40
15:12
11:32
13:32
13:20
14:14
12:58
11:00
13:55
14:42
12:52
14:31
12:52
13:29
13:00
11:50
16:20
13:30
13:35
14:00
13:50
13:04
13:07
14:30
12:38
12:15
11:15
12:00
13:00
15:10
15:45
12:30
12:00
13:51
14:09
14:32
13:42
12:17
14:18
16:05
12:24
14:11
13:30
13:52
15:52
13:28
13:50
13:50
13:12
12:00
13:35
13:16
14:20
10:00
Streamflow
L/s
1.5
1.5
1.5
3.1
13.2
23.0
9.7
6.1
7.2
5.5
5.5
4.5
7.2
7.8
5.5
4.5
4.0
4.5
2.3
4.5
2.7
5.5
2.3
4.0
41.1
17.9
9.1
9.1
18.7
9.1
10.4
7.8
23.0
9.1
4.5
2.7
3.5
3.1
1.2
1.2
1.9
9.1
5.5
4.5
5.5
3.1
0.0
2.3
6.6
44.5
4.0
7.8
11.8
4.5
missing
13.2
7.8
10.4
4.5
pH
7.36
7.50
7.49
7.12
7.32
7.27
7.09
7.22
7.54
6.90
7.26
7.64
7.27
7.39
7.43
7.53
7.30
7.40
7.20
7.35
7.23
6.88
7.47
7.41
6.89
7.13
7.40
7.52
7.20
7.09
6.83
6.88
7.12
6.93
7.01
7.21
7.20
7.53
7.29
7.23
7.34
7.10
6.65
7.41
7.30
7.51
7.25
7.11
7.51
6.50
6.51
7.29
6.86
7.56
7.53
7.27
7.37
7.40
7.63
Na
µM
523.0
557.0
543.0
540.1
462.3
402.8
431.0
497.3
599.2
466.3
496.2
516.3
598.1
519.3
559.8
538.1
516.9
553.8
579.5
588.9
669.0
610.3
648.1
643.8
408.0
457.7
481.4
530.7
513.3
556.8
580.4
584.0
566.7
558.5
640.9
668.7
694.1
720.0
782.5
666.2
609.8
527.7
572.5
836.2
616.0
642.8
714.6
635.5
509.4
420.7
524.5
453.9
446.4
553.1
629.1
430.7
434.9
557.1
502.9
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
30.0
28.0
28.0
24.9
26.1
23.8
24.0
25.9
27.3
25.3
28.4
26.7
44.0
29.9
35.0
23.7
31.1
29.4
30.6
32.1
30.2
40.7
33.2
33.2
26.9
24.0
28.3
30.7
28.1
25.6
26.8
27.6
26.9
26.5
37.4
31.9
31.0
33.0
33.8
27.9
27.9
26.3
30.7
40.1
37.2
33.5
30.4
31.2
25.8
21.2
23.8
27.6
25.4
34.4
38.4
23.0
22.1
24.9
24.6
117
Mg
µM
226.0
261.0
240.0
199.3
147.0
122.7
132.6
156.6
157.1
149.2
166.6
173.9
198.7
158.3
181.4
198.7
194.9
209.3
214.9
217.2
266.1
218.4
263.3
250.9
117.6
127.9
142.3
156.3
144.0
160.4
154.9
180.7
157.1
164.2
205.8
229.9
244.0
265.6
301.9
291.9
227.3
165.0
189.1
237.6
220.7
260.5
250.5
269.3
167.9
103.0
158,6
144.3
132.7
180.8
178.6
126.4
129.5
153.7
168.1
Ca
µM
343.0
406.0
383.0
312.6
228.1
185.7
204.6
236.2
303.2
230.3
254.4
265.5
283.4
253.7
282.7
301.9
297.8
334.5
344.8
339.1
424.9
322.1
414.2
386.7
189.9
199.9
229.7
242.0
227.0
249.5
267.2
298.6
264.4
276.9
341.6
381.7
406.2
445.3
487.8
451.4
354.5
274.4
303.4
376.9
349.3
412:7
429.5
402.1
259.7
192.0
287.0
234.8
218.8
299.6
289.8
195.9
201.5
260.7
255.8
CI
µM
402.0
383.0
370.0
475.9
461.3
454.6
451.9
670.0
499.4
437.3
533.1
519.7
526.7
518.2
523.4
533.9
575.1
534.3
620.6
600.1
622.0
578.0
607.0
639.0
394.1
412.0
401.7
443.0
394.0
422.0
448.0
459.1
377.3
430.9
516.1
548.2
521.1
587.8
508.5
568.3
527.5
430.6
451.5
625.2
479.1
601.7
498.8
607.2
470.7
285.4
439.7
375.9
334.3
452.1
400.5
267.0
312.0
445.2
458.7
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
19.59
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
1.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.00
0.00
6.00
16.10
6.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.16
0.00
2.22
0.00
0.00
8.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.95
1.73
4.78
0.00
2.20
0.00
10.43
9.42
2.97
50.36
1.23
1.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4 SO4
µM
µM
0.00 118.0
0.20 122.0
0.20 119.0
0.11
77.0
0.00
74.4
0.22
60.8
0.09
70.9
0.41 101.7
0.15
86.7
0.17
82.4
0.14
96.7
0.00 105.8
0.21 102.0
0.00
95.9
0.00 103.3
0.00 111.3
0.00 114.3
0.21 119.7
0.38 131.6
0.20 129.5
0.00 145.0
0.00 126.0
0.00 149.0
0.00 144.0
0.00
73.9
0.00
63.7
0.00
78.0
0.00
82.0
0.00
76.0
0.00
85.0
0.00
91.0
0.00
96.9
0.00
77.3
0.00
88.2
0.00 107.9
0.00 114.0
0.00 116.6
0.00 121.9
0.75 127.4
0.56 139.6
0.00 129.3
0.00
94.6
0.00 106.9
0.00 135.4
0.00 119.9
0.00 127.0
0.00 107.7
0.00 133.0
0.00 105.9
0.00
53.9
0.00
98.5
0.00
77.3
0.00
66.4
0.00
77.4
0.00
93.8
0.00
77.5
0.00
80.6
1.79
87.9
0.00 100.5
HCO3
µM
1053.0
1291.8
1208.8
939.0
628.1
467.0
535.7
435.0
874.3
647.3
640.1
690.7
875.3
663.1
792.9
806.5
729.9
897.0
845.4
874.1
1169.3
886.0
1131.2
1019.3
491.9
591.2
695.8
751.0
737.4
810.2
821.3
917.1
893.5
860.1
1039.0
1147.6
1271.3
1334.7
1631.7
1332.5
1015.1
802.0
921.3
1204.6
1074.3
1164.8
1390.9
1125.9
698.5
635.7
752.4
708.0
706.3
941.5
1016.1
676.4
645.8
788.0
715.6
Si
µM
missing
missing
missing
264.6
235.3
232.6
316.3
289.0
295.7
304.7
306.0
306.0
295.9
303.2
309.5
318.2
318.3
328.1
325.8
310.6
324.8
296.8
282.1
286.8
242.4
287.8
284.0
282.9
328.5
306.6
303.7
308.6
265.6
316.4
330.4
339.4
331.1
336.2
316.8
324.5
318.3
332.6
305.4
311.5
308.2
286.8
267.6
291.4
266.9
271.4
321.1
309.9
307.9
318.6
423.1
340.9
310.7
301.4
360.1
Caspar Creek - Watershed DOS
#
DATE
1 04/16/91
2 04/24/91
3 05/01/91
4 11/26/91
5 11/26/91
6 11/26/91
7 11/26/91
8 11/26/91
9 11/26/91
10 11/27/91
11 11/27/91
12 11/27/91
13 11/27/91
14 11/28/91
15 11/28/91
16 11/29/91
17 11/29/91
18 11/30/91
19 11/30/91
20 02/05/92
21 02/13/92
22 02/25/92
23 03/04/92
24 03/11/92
25 03/18/92
26 03/25/92
27 04/01/92
28 04/08/92
29 04/16/92
30 04/23/92
31 04/29/92
32 05/06/92
33 05/21/92
34 06/11/92
35 07/09/92
36 08/04/92
37 09/15/92
38 11/04/92
39 12/02/92
40 12/29/92
41 01/12/93
42 02/17/93
43 03/03/93
44 03/24/93
45 04/07/93
46 04/28/93
47 05/12/93
48 05/27/93
49 06/09/93
50 07/02/93
51 07/22/93
52 08/10/93
53 09/07/93
54 10/20/93
55 12/01/93
56 12/29/93
57 02/02/94
58 03/16/94
59 04/13/94
60 05/18/94
TIME
10:57
14:03
13:13
10:50
11:50
13:50
18:50
20:50
21:50
02:50
03:50
06:50
20:50
05:50
20:50
05:50
08:50
02:50
08:50
14:20
15:15
15:30
13:23
13:57
15:45
14:10
13:47
13:28
11:50
15:10
15:40
13:25
13:43
14:00
13:15
12:10
14:02
16:00
14:40
15:15
14:30
13:58
14:32
13:30
14:20
13:10
14:20
13:15
13:00
13:39
15:30
14:00
12:30
14:28
13:40
14:22
11:25
14:12
13:31
15:08
Streamwater
L/s
6.8
6.1
7.6
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
9.3
60.8
20.4
12.9
11.0
47.7
8.4
8.4
6.8
11.0
12.0
8.4
7.6
5.3
4.0
5.3
4.7
6.8
6.1
7.6
59.1
41.5
20.4
19.2
41.5
18.1
18.1
8.4
30.3
16.0
7.6
6.8
5.3
6.1
5.3
4.0
6.8
8.4
2.8
5.3
5.3
pH
7.47
7.47
7.46
7.17
7.12
6.95
7.16
6.92
7.06
7.14
7.09
7.05
7.12
7.16
7.15
7.18
7.29
7.16
7.09
6.65
7.09
6.78
7.26
7.43
7.08
7.21
7.11
7.61
7.28
7.09
7.25
7.48
7.36
7.26
7.32
7.08
7.32
7.09
7.30
6.75
7.21
7.41
7.42
7.45
7.38
7.32
6.78
7.04
7.11
7.25
7.36
7.20
7.40
7.02
7.47
7.34
7.00
6.75
7.39
7.42
Na
µM
512.0
532.0
539.0
586.2
612.8
611.7
615.3
610.2
604.3
649.9
632.6
618.4
628.2
616.8
629.4
615.1
632.9
605.8
629.6
550.8
584.7
477.3
634.8
642.2
498.6
503.8
582.4
541.7
609.4
572.5
591.6
564.2
565.8
558.8
608.9
591.1
627.4
683.8
626.4
466.3
490.7
490.8
539.4
535.0
569.8
522.0
550.9
580.8
578.7
622.5
670.2
675.9
697.2
716.0
710.3
593.9
548.4
571.8
892.3
614.8
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
25.0
25.0
26.0
31.1
24.5
27.9
24.3
27.7
24.1
26.6
27.9
27.4
27.3
26.2
25.8
25.9
28,4
26.9
25.2
24.6
28.4
24.6
26.3
26.3
26.8
27.2
29.6
27.1
32.4
31.3
37.5
22.8
27.9
28.9
31.6
28.9
30.7
35.5
30.7
25.3
23.8
24.5
25.6
25.6
25.6
28.3
27.9
29.1
30.0
26.7
28.5
29.9
32.3
25.8
26.7
27.3
24.4
28.4
41.7
35.3
118
Mg
µM
150.0
185.0
164.0
189.0
196.8
199.9
198.4
197.2
195.6
200.9
199.2
199.1
201.2
200.7
200.7
201.2
201.7
201.7
201.4
164.9
121.1
130.8
152.5
152.3
128.8
143.0
163.0
158.8
178.2
163.3
169.9
182.5
181.8
170.1
197.8
186.3
207.9
234.1
226.2
126.3
125.0
130.2
148.1
139.9
148.1
143.7
153.7
182.8
151.2
171.9
186.0
191.7
199.3
221.3
224.1
181:7
152.5
168.5
202.9
193.8
Ca
µM
234.0
263.0
263.0
284.8
297.8
296.6
298.2
296.9
293.9
298.3
291.9
294.4
298.4
296.8
297.6
301.8
296.5
299.7
303.5
257.5
160.0
207.0
301.5
302.1
201.8
223.9
249.8
245.0
286.0
265.7
272.2
284.5
292.0
280.0
315.1
303.4
332.8
368.8
359.3
209.6
205.9
222.0
242.0
229.5
244.5
259.8
275.0
287.5
271.0
306.1
325.3
335.3
349.3
370.0
380.6
320.1
266.2
280.9
348.4
325.5
CI
µM
470.0
468.0
468.0
1032.0
1108.0
1131.0
1216.0
1252.0
1231.0
1148.0
1147.0
1139.0
1051.0
1239.0
1188.0
134.0
1159.0
1204.0
1257.0
543.1
740.0
465.4
510.7
506.2
480.6
525.5
649.5
522.1
515.0
485.7
510.4
506.7
504.5
557.4
562.5
538.0
543.3
598.0
555.0
441.7
459.8
400.6
462.0
440.0
431.0
416.0
429.3
391.8
427.1
495.2
541.3
482.2
540.1
462.3
500.8
525.8
427.2
407.2
579.7
433.7
N03
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.10
2.60
0.00
0.00
6.67
9.50
8.83
0.07
1.52
16.62
0.05
3.97
0.22
0.00
9.23
4.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.00
0.00
18.40
10.05
1.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.54
5.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
P04
µM
0.50
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.60
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.18
0.00
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
S04
µM
98.0
103.0
110.0
138.0
146.0
144.0
140.0
148.0
147.0
146.0
142.0
141.0
142.0
144.0
142.0
144.0
145.0
142.0
143.0
95.2
71.2
62.7
80.4
81.5
52.3
71.9
93.2
91.7
96.3
84.7
91.2
97.0
100.1
105.8
111.6
114.0
113.0
136.0
132.0
73.1
55.4
74.4
69.0
63.0
76.0
74.3
80.8
68.1
75.9
89.1
99.5
100.9
103.4
111.3
125.2
119.1
90.5
89.6
122.5
105.5
HCO3
µM
638.5
739.0
730.7
256.9
226.5
213.7
136.6
77.8
82.5
234.9
211.7
211.7
319.5
110.7
179.8
224.9
206.2
147.4
121.7
679.9
282.9
577.6
897.7
906.7
584.9
595.6
597.6
670.5
862.3
797.2
816.5
820.3
836.6
718.6
880.5
833.5
970.2
1044.0
1008.1
557.0
595.6
668.5
745.1
733.4
797.6
792.8
845.1
982.3
874.0
931.9
981.0
1075.9
1079.9
1239.6
1195.2
859.3
796.3
912.8
1211.8
1044.0
Si
µM
missing
missing
missing
250.1
264.3
263.6
264.2
263.3
261.7
262.3
260.0
261.0
263.3
263.3
265.4
263.2
268.7
261.4
263.2
271.1
263.7
300.5
292.4
292.2
296.5
300.1
298.8
303.6
302.0
307.5
303.4
313.7
316.8
316.3
299.1
304.3
299.4
304.8
287.8
251.9
284.5
276.0
297.2
304.7
315.1
294.6
288.4
301.9
314.0
313.3
313.1
308.7
300.3
268.3
288.0
278.3
303.1
280.2
294.1
301.1
Caspar Creek - Watershed DOL
#
DATE
TIME
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
06/29/94
10/05/94
11/02/94
12/06/94
01/03/95
02/01/95
03/01/95
04/05/95
05/05/95
06/05/95
11/01/95
12/05/95
01/11/96
02/09/96
03/19/96
04/03/96
05/08/96
10:28
12:53
15:20
13:45
14:47
15:00
14:03
12:10
13:30
13:52
12:00
12:00
12:00
12:51
13:00
13:13
10:13
Streamwater
L/s
3.4
3.4
2.8
6.8
17.0
90.4
7.6
11.0
22.7
6.8
missing
missing
missing
33.0
22.7
22.7
8.4
pH
7.52
7.17
7.25
7.22
7.48
6.48
6.64
7.24
6.88
7.56
7.31
7.40
7.46
7.37
7.29
7.35
7.58
Na
µM
602.8
732.3
714.6
605.5
518.9
383.7
511.8
472.5
468.7
549.4
604.3
711.3
650.9
465.1
476.5
493.7
512.2
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.21
0.00
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
37.2
31.4
30.4
30.2
25.1
22.4
24.8
26.1
23.4
26.4
28.6
35.8
36.3
22.8
22.6
23.3
22.9
119
Mg
µM
204.9
241.0
250.5
234.6
151.0
86.4
134.1
138.8
131.2
159.7
224.3
232.1
160.1
129.0
132.7
143.8
152.6
Ca
µM
338.4
421.7
429.5
401.2
241.0
150.11
226.5
239.31
227.6
268.9
387.0
363.3
264.8
209.5
215.7
228.0
240.7
CI
NO3
µM
µM
534.6 0.00
451.2 0.00
498.8 0.00
557.2 5.89
452.3 9.09
404.9 6.50
456.3 34.43
471.8 1.33
388.1 0.00
484.8 0.82
380.7 0.00
492.3 0.00
457.7 0.00
386.6 0.00
334.0 0.00
374.4 0.00
532.9 0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
107.5
104.0
107.7
134.6
104.4
42.8
91.4
64.7
54.9
65.5
99.5
110.6
86.2
71.8
73.9
78.8
85.0
HCO3
µM
977.0
1429.8
1390.9
1075.0
657.9
389.3
584.2
652.9
711.8
816.4
1274.5
1224.5
906.8
634.8
714.1
728.5
618.9
Si
µM
343.6
268.2
267.6
278.6
280.8
289.7
312.8
313.0
319.6
314.1
249.8
254.4
436.3
343.4
336.7
334.9
337.7
Caspar Creek - Watershed EAG
#
DATE
TIME Streamflow
L/s
1 04/16/91 11:16
6.1
2 05/01/91 12:52
5.0
3 11/26/91 10:50
7.3
4 11/26/91 11:20
7.3
5 11/26/91 13:20
7.3
6 11/26/91 16:20
7.3
7 11/26/91 19:20
7.3
8 11/26/91 22:20
7.3
9 11/26/91 23:20
9.7
10 11/27/91 00:20
7.3
11 11/27/91 05:20
7.3
12 11/27/91 12:20
7.3
13 11/27/91 18:20
7.3
14 11/28/91 15:20
7.3
15 11/29/91 03:20
7.3
16 11/29/91 15:20
7.3
17 11/29/91 18:20
7.3
18 11/29/91 21:20
7.3
19 02/05/92 14:00
10.4
20 02/10/92 11:26
9.1
21 02/11/92 14:35
28.6
22 02/12/92 05:30
65.2
23 02/13/92 14:42
43.3
24 02/14/92 13:53
52.7
25 02/15/92 15:07
50.3
26 02/16192 12:55
52.7
27 02/17/92 18:00
41.1
28 02/18/92 12:20
26.7
29 02/19/92 14:29
41.1
30 02/19/92 23:10
108.4
31 02/20/92 12:01
78.7
32 02/21/92 10:58
32.6
33 02/25/92 15:36
14.7
34 03/04/92 12.42
9.7
35 03/15192 15:24
78.7
36 03/16/92 04:05
81.5
37 03/16/92 17:25
87.3
38 03/18/92 14:45
26.7
39 03/25/92 14:40
9.1
40 04/01/92 13:25
8.4
41 04/08/92 13:30
5.5
42 04/16/92 11:25
9.7
43 04/23/92 14:35
7.8
44 04/29/92 15:28
7.8
45 05/06/92 14:05
6.6
46 05/21/92 14:59
5.51
47 06111/92 13:40
5.01
48 07/09/92 14:00
4.5
49 08/04/92 12:40
4.5
50 09/15/92 14:35
4.0
51 11/04/92 15:50
5.5
52 11/25/92 14:10
5.5
53 12/02/92 14:15
6.6
54 12/29/92 14:40
45.6
55 01/12/93 14:20
23.0
56 02/17/93 14:27
13.2
57 03/03/93 14:50
9.1
58 03/24/93 14:00
23.9
59 04/07/93 12:31
11.8
60 04/28/93 12:40
10.4
pH
7.47
7.41
7.05
7.12
6.91
6.98
7.22
7.35
7.05
7.44
6.80
6.83
7.13
6.98
6.83
6.95
7.29
6.98
7.17
7.13
7.02
6.88
6.95
6.99
7.33
7.07
6.45
6.68
6.57
6.76
7.28
7.00
7.01
6.93
6.04
6.67
6.86
6.97
7.08
6.81
7.31
7.15
7.16
7.26
7.40
7.26
7.26
7.20
7.23
7.41
7.17
7.48
7.66
6.90
7.20
7.34
7.42
7.59
7.58
6.86
Na
µM
506.0
553.0
605.2
598.1
608.0
611.8
639.5
588.6
614.3
611.8
612.4
631.8
637.8
631.4
611.7
594.0
630.9
616.4
564.9
538.8
517.3
470.2
477.6
476.8
454.3
469.4
467.0
476.6
461.1
435.7
433.1
461.9
483.8
568.9
549.8
532.4
460.3
475.6
543.6
581.2
556.0
617.4
565.2
594.5
580.0
574.1
576.5
609.3
656.8
657.8
692.9
656.8
639.4
484.6
488.8
511.1
530.7
539.4
595.9
521.1
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.001
0.001
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
27.0
30.0
29.3
32.3
30.2
29.9
28.2
37.5
41.3
33.0
30.1
32.4
30.8
26.4
29.3
29.7
26.6
26.1
25.9
27.2
26.5
27.4
26.0
26.2
25.0
25.3
26.0
25.3
24.8
29.7
26.0
26.5
24.9
28.2
29.1
27.5
29.9
28.3
27.5
30.0
29.2
34.7
31.4
36.6
24.41
29.9
31.3
32.7
30.2
33.8
37.3
33.2
33.2
27.6
25.3
25.7
28.1
28.1
28.1
25.5
Mg
µM
142.0
160.0
187.4
190.6
191.0
191.5
193.3
194.2
195.9
192.3
194.1
192.6
197.1
196.5
193.4
196.1
192.6
193.7
143.1
163.0
142.7
128.8
125.6
121.3
118.1
114.8
111.6
118.1
115.3
105.6
105.9
112.1
124.7
140.3
109.7
108.7
105.8
117.8
134.1
149.5
150.8
165.8
147.3
158.1
173.5
174.3
172.4
191.5
209.8
226.9
220.9
218.0
213.9
118.5
109.9
126.3
131.6
127.5
135.7
132.4
120
Ca
µM
208.0
243.0
270.2
276.1
275.2
275.8
278.8
280.8
283.5
281.2
279.0
279.5
285.2
285.0
281.2
281.3
275.2
275.7
205.1
241.8
208.1
183.8
183.2
176.1
172.4
166.5
165.6
174.1
168.7
150.0
155.11
165.5
187.5
204.2
164.9
159.5
154.9
174.0
196.9
220.0
220.8
253.9
227.9
240.6
254.9
264.7
266.2
288.8
326.6
340.3
334.1
326.8
324.4
182.1
173.5
202.7
202.1
194.6
209.6
226.0
CI
µM
513.0
520.0
260.0
482.0
604.0
599.5
610.5
592.0
602.5
622.0
617.5
613.0
558.0
558.0
570.0
640.0
663.0
641.0
544.4
606.8
563.0
514.4
532.4
525.0
507.2
526.2
442.2
518.8
519.2
437.1
490.1
494.0
509.8
783.9
444.4
427.3
435.5
484.8
605.8
733.4
570.0
556.7
538.1
534.1
547.9
527.1
586.4
676.2
557.0
590.8
578.0
594.0
574.0
437.4
407.6
384.3
408.0
376.0
401.0
388.4
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
5.60
4.90
6.50
6.30
10.80
8.40
4.80
3.30
4.90
8.30
4.10
7.20
7.30
8.90
5.20
2.60
0.86
14.33
2.42
3.13
59.26
47.19
2.42
56.69
57.81
1.58
42.79
63.77
69.21
48.52
34.26
31.50
63.87
57.34
68.34
46.35
18.98
34.75
9.42
9.82
18.82
8.34
2.74
0.46
0.00
4.87
0.00
5.50
37.00
20.00
19.00
35.10
22.99
10.72
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.39
3.78
0.06
0.00
6.93
0.18
0.39
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.81
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
109.0
124.0
146.0
156.0
184.0
170.0
156.0
151.0
147.0
154.0
150.0
152.0
156.0
162.0
149.0
155.0
180.0
155.0
82.7
100.9
81.8
69.7
61.6
62.5
60.2
56.5
54.5
61.3
58.9
51.8
52.0
54.8
65.6
96.9
61.5
55.5
52.9
61.2
84.2
104.7
99.5
102.2
96.3
102.0
109.3
113.6
127.3
127.0
134.0
148.8
138.0
149.0
148.0
74.4
67.5
81.8
82.0
76.0
89.0
84.5
HCO3
µM
502.0
620.8
992.0
764.9
592.2
630.6
678.6
673.6
713.1
658.5
666.3
683.2
759.2
731.6
714.8
619.8
564.9
627.9
576.5
552.6
512.0
462.1
406.4
400.7
423.4
361.4
438.1
443.3
374.0
372.1
317.8
391.5
457.8
276.9
96.8
500.8
401.6
434.1
539.9
372.6
550.1
720.7
596.8
682.1
691.8
727.1
644.1
767.6
934.8
932.0
949.2
867.8
860.2
492.1
515.3
636.0
653.3
683.8
735.7
706.1
Si
µM
missing
missing
268.4
269.6
267.5
270.8
278.2
269.0
268.1
270.0
272.7
269.5
276.1
276.5
270.1
270.8
271.2
271.5
254.7
276.8
244.2
223.8
240.6
243.9
248.0
231.5
266.1
260.7
250.1
225.6
241.2
274.1
315.8
287.4
237.6
241.3
237.1
278.5
293.3
287.4
282.5
292.4
300.5
297.5
307.5
315.0
321.3
299.1
313.5
307.3
309.9
302.6
266.8
258.5
283.3
279.4
282.1
320.0
286.9
288.5
Caspar Creek - Watershed EAG
#
DATE
TIME
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
05/12/93
05/27/93
06/09/93
07/02/93
07/22/93
08/10/93
09/07/93
12/29/93
02/02/94
03/16/94
05/18/94
06/29/94
12/06/94
01/03/95
02/01/95
03/01/95
04/05/95
05/05/95
06/05/95
11/01/95
12/05/95
01/11/96
02/09/96
03/19/96
04/03/96
05/08/96
12:10
12:50
12:40
14:40
15:45
13:30
13:07
14:05
12:10
13:50
13:15
10:51
14:11
14:31
15:45
14:56
12:10
12:41
13:33
12:00
12:00
12:00
13:01
12:49
13:34
10:23
Streamflow
L/s
6.6
17.9
10.4
6.1
5.5
3.5
2.7
3.5
9.1
7.8
6.1
5.5
6.6
11.8
43.3
6.1
9.1
16.3
6.6
missing
missing
missing
16.3
16.3
13.2
7.8
pH
6.97
7.16
7.18
7.16
7.14
7.07
7.34
7.32
7.10
6.58
7.35
7.62
7.25
7.16
6.55
6.67
7.14
7.02
7.56
7.29
7.30
7.39
7.29
7.31
7.30
7.46
Na
µM
562.4
583.4
578.6
634.4
663.1
682.6
723.2
598.0
533.1
579.3
595.0
611.6
578.5
492.0
397.3
474.9
453.0
443.4
527.4
622.6
755.2
622.2
424.4
437.2
466.6
492.4
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
31.7
27.3
28.0
29.9
31.4
32.8
34.5
36.1
26.2
31.1
40.9
88.9
30.2
26.1
21.0
22.9
25.9
24.3
28.0
32.0
38.1
37.1
22.7
22.9
23.7
24.5
121
M
µM
144.8
148.8
141.7
164.2
185.9
196.8
214.0
176.4
135.4
157.5
172.4
197.3
168.3
133.7
100.3
146.5
126.3
114.0
145.2
291.4
258.0
142.4
110.2
108.7
127.9
133.1
Ca
µM
246.3
249.2
239.8
275.3
305.0
323.9
349.2
278.1
226.7
248.7
275.3
307.2
274.7
205.1
180.3
265.2
204.2
192.6
235.1
469.6
381.5
221.9
197.0
169.6
196.3
202.9
CI
µM
424.7
382.2
423.8
469.8
520.5
478.4
565.9
490.0
383.6
396.4
415.7
580.8
508.6
408.2
280.8
399.8
346.1
307.5
413.2
388.4
506.7
358.7
224.6
291.7
282.2
376.9
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.62
14.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.20
17.57
21.85
52.20
8.65
4.34
4.32
4.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.00
0.00
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
94.1
73.3
93.7
105.0
109.3
115.4
124.6
129.2
98.2
105.6
113.7
122.1
121.4
99.9
54.8
95.3
73.3
64.1
72.0
100.7
118.3
92.2
76.3
77.6
80.5
83.6
HCO3
µM
763.3
878.0
758.3
862.9
937.1
1047.7
1068.4
782.0
689.0
815.1
888.2
884.5
727.2
570.1
566.5
678.6
638.5
641.0
754.7
1584.4
1329.2
844.9
684.2
570.0
695.5
645.0
Si
µM
283.2
284.2
306.5
300.2
305.2
303.5
304.0
291.1
292.6
276.0
290.4
269.1
286.4
272.6
274.2
299.1
291.3
293.2
298.2
260.9
267.6
438.1
319.6
318.9
310.3
328.1
Caspar Creek - Watershed FLY
#
DATE
TIME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
02/05192
02/13/92
03/04/92
03/11/92
03/25/92
04/01/92
04/08/92
04/16/92
04/23/92
04/29/92
05/06/92
05/21/92
06/11/92
07/09/92
08/04/92
09/15192
11/19/92
12/02/92
12/16/92
12/30/92
01/12/93
02/17/93
03/03/93
03124/93
04/07/93
04/10/93
04/16193
05/01/93
05/12/93
05/27/93
06/09/93
07/02/93
07/22/93
08/10/93
09/07/93
10/20/93
12/01/93
12129/93
02/02/94
03/16/94
04/13194
05/18/94
06/29/94
10/05/94
11/02/94
12/06/94
01/03/95
02/01/95
03101/95
04/05/95
05/05/95
06/05/95
11/01/95
12105/95
01/11/96
02/09/96
03/19/96
04/03/96
04/03/96
14:10
15:30
13:48
12:35
15:17
13:04
12:50
12:17
13:49
14:35
13:30
16:33
13:00
12:34
13:10
13:20
14:50
15:00
14:00
14:30
13:00
15:00
13:42
15:05
13:17
13:33
10:43
12:18
14:25
13:38
11:45
13:30
15:30
14:30
13:49
15:15
13:24
13:00
10:58
13:26
13:37
14:46
11:53
12:23
14:45
13:17
14:10
13:11
14:28
10:40
11:46
13:08
12:00
12:00
12:00
12:18
11:13
14:00
14:00
Streamflow
L/s
18.9
209.6
30.6
28.8
32.5
17.4
25.3
20.4
25.3
13.4
13.4
6.8
3.6
6.8
1.4
0.0
1.8
8.8
27.0
218.9
64.4
59.2
54.3
149.9
44.9
8.8
8.8
8.8
28.8
120.1
49.5
11.0
8.8
5.1
4.3
2.4
2.4
5.1
28.8
22.0
16.0
22.0
3.0
0.0
1.4
8.8
34.4
392.8
17.4
32.5
69.8
13.4
missing
missing
missing
99.7
49.5
40.6
40.6
pH
7.14
7.40
7.32
7.29
7.30
7.09
7.65
7.28
7.42
7.36
7.63
7.55
7.45
7.15
7.38
7.40
7.49
7.32
7.14
6.96
7.37
7.52
7.62
7.54
7.57
7.60
7.43
7.42
6.86
7.11
7.20
7.14
7.36
7.21
7.47
7.29
7.49
7.42
7.20
6.75
7.06
7.36
7.62
7.26
7.66
7.16
7.45
6.57
6.62
7.02
7.08
7.60
7.34
7.31
7.45
7.26
7.36
7.30
7.54
Na
NH4
µM µM
480.9 0.00
425.8 0.00
576.2 0.00
506.3 0.00
491.3 0.00
481.3 0.00
485.6 0.00
563.9 0.00
527.7 0.00
530.4 0.00
499.0 0.00
520.1 0.00
523.5 0.00
554.1 0.00
533.7 0.00
558.1 0.00
569.8 0.00
565.5 0.00
427.6 0.00
418.4 0.00
454.1 0.00
447.5 0.00
508.9 0.00
517.6 0.00
513.3 0.00
458.0 0:00
458.0 0.00
506.0 0.00
503.0 0.00
538.2 0.00
661.6 0.00
578.4 0.00
590.6 0.00
606.3 0.00
621.2 0.00
622.9 0.00
618.5 0.00
521.5 0.00
486.5 0.00
521.6 0.00
591.3 0.00
543.7 0.00
578.0 0.00
641.1 0.00
635.1 0.00
548.1 0.00
475.9 0.00
338.3 0.00
443.1 0.00
422.9 0.00
437.8 0.00
500.2 0.00
593.9 0.00
617.4 0.00
585.7 0.00
431.2 0.00
442.5 0.00
511.2 0.00
456.6 0.00
K
µM
22.3
22.6
24.2
24.6
24.0
26.0
24.8
30.3
30.7
30.7
26.3
26.7
27.4
31.0
30.7
28.9
30.7
28.1
25.3
25.1
22.6
22.1
25.6
28.1
23.0
25.0
24.0
27.0
24.4
25.5
29.0
29.8
29.4
27.8
28.7
22.3
27.1
22.4
22.6
33.8
28.0
34.3
28.0
28.7
27.8
25.3
22.8
20.9
23.4
23.7
22.4
24.9
27.9
29.9
34.8
21.8
21.2
25.5
21.8
122
M
µM
154.8
117.3
137.6
142.2
33.7
145.7
153.2
165.6
153.2
160.2
166.7
180.0
174.2
199.1
196.8
223.0
230.4
222.1
136.6
116.8
119.2
135.4
148.1
131.6
144.0
143.0
148.0
159.0
152.9
145.7
173.7
171.1
182.8
192.1
202.6
228.3
225.0
185.7
148.8
165.1
195.0
185.5
209.2
255.5
266.9
194.2
148.5
88.3
144.3
130.5
127.1
157.0
257.2
230.0
156.4
121.5
125.9
134.0
135.8
Ca
µM
250.3
183.4
291.2
224.1
210.1
231.9
243.3
270.7
255.0
262.9
270.7
298.1
297.6
332.2
331.6
376.3
386.7
374.3
221.8
196.1
195.2
234.5:
239.5
219.6
237.0
223.0
230.0
261.0
276.9
259.0
330.4
308.3
328.7
346.2
368.8
400.4
403.4
319.0
263.6
284.1
335:9
320.8
363.0
467.9
485.5
349.6
244.3
151.8
234.4
227.5
220.2
271.5
410:5
382.5
264.6
196.6
209.4
228.4
220.6
CI
NO3
µM
µM
493.0 3.22
373.3 12.37
418.1 0.30
425.0 0.71
427.9 0.00
430.8 0.00
431.8 0.00
439.0 0.00
426.8 0.00
439.3 10.98
422.0 0.00
438.9 0.00
451.0 0.00
465.7 0.00
442.0 0.00
443.6 0.00
467.0 0.00
459.0 1.00
392.0 5.00
374.9 1.40
385.9 3.18
349.0 0.00
397.0 0.00
392.0 0.00
383.0 0.00
399.0 1.80
416.0 0.00
408.0 0.00
375.6 0.00
356.7 8.93
542.6 4.63
419.9 0.00
477:9 0.00
425.3 0.00
464.2 0.00
397.7 0.00
444.8 0.00
440.2 0.00
367.7 3.71
373.3 0.00
410.9 0.86
377.7 0.00
442.9 0.00
382.9 0.00
451.3 0.00
511.2 1.25
420.9 0.98
337.6 2.92
417.0 14.27
401.4 0.00
364.0 0.61
433.2 0.83
330.3 0.00
413.4 0.00
401.9 0.00
321.3 0.00
291.8 0.00
374.1 0.00
347.9 0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.08
0.20
0.28
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.14
0.25
0.30
0.48
0.47
0.00
0.09
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.67
0.94
1.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
97.4
57.7
80.9
81.8
83.6
83.2
91.3
88.5
83.6
90.7
93.4
97.5
100.4
101.8
107.0
115.1
114.0
104.0
75.0
61.3
59.5
71.7
73.0
64.0
74.0
91.0
95.0
102.0
78.2
66.5
89.8
85.6
92.7
94.3
99.5
103.9
109.8
109.5
84.8
83.1
99.6
91.0
103.7
116.0
126.3
110.8
90.0
48.7
89.6
63.1
56.4
60.7
90.1
98.6
82.9
73.3
74.3
84.3
76.2
HCO3
µM
622.4
548.5
877.8
674.1
607.9
665.2
688.9
850.7
780.6
775.5
795.1
868.9
842.4
978.1
963.2
1111.7
1139.7
1117.4
622.6
570.5
597.4
717.1
766.7
728.1
767.3
632.2
632.0
761.0
854.9
874.6
971.9
975.8
979.6
1097.0
1129.4
1296.4
1237.0
893.0
792.8
914.1
1070.0
1030.9
1100.1
1501.6
1463.7
926.9
682.4
401.5
613.3
634.8
677.6
826.7
1446.6
1261.9
894.7
621.2
693.8
718.7
691.0
Si
µM
275.3
257.8
299.1
303.7
303.8
304.2
311.5
306.7
310.3
308.0
319.3
322.3
325.5
331.1
312.9
317.9
321.6
317.3
279.4
275.6
280.9
284.9
294.0
288.2
301.7
303.7
310.7
317.6
290.9
293.0
316.1
315.0
318.8
320.3
316.1
297.5
299.9
304.8
302.7
287.8
304.2
307.5
280.9
275.7
280.0
282.7
272.6
288.5
312.4
306.7
308.8
305.1
272.6
260.9
422.8
322.8
316.7
303.6
317.4
Caspar Creek - Watershed GIB
#
DATE
TIME
1 04/10/91
2 04/16/91
3 04/24/91
4 05/01/91
5 12/06/91
6 12/06/91
7 12/06/91
8 12/06/91
9 12/07/91
10 12/07/91
11 12/07/91
12 12/07/91
13 12/07/91
14 12/07/91
15 12/08/91
16 12/08/91
17 12/08/91
18 02/05/92
19 02/11/92
20 02/12/92
21 02/12/92
22 02/13/92
23 02/15/92
24 02/17/92
25 02/19/92
26 02/20/92
27 02/20/92
28 02/21/92
29 02/22/92
30 02/23/92
31 02/25/92
32 03/04/92
33 03/11/92
34 03/15/92
35 03/16/92
36 03/16/92
37 03/16/92
38 03/18/92
39 03/25/92
40 04/01/92
41 04/08/92
42 04/16/92
43 04/23/92
44 04/29/92
45 05/06/92
46 05/12/92
47 05/21/92
48 06/11 /92
49 07/09/92
50 08/04/92
51 09/15/92
52 11/04/92
53 11/19/92
54 12/02/92
55 12/16/92
56 12/29/92
57 01/12/93
58 02/17/93
59 03/03/93
60 03/24/93
61 04/07/93
62 05/12/93
63 05/27/93
64 06/09/93
65 07/02/93
66 07/22/93
67 08/10/93
68 09/07/93
69 10/20/93
70 12/01/93
13:03
10:12
12:43
11:22
11:00
15:00
16:10
19:10
03:10
06:10
09:10
15:10
18:10
21:10
00:10
06:10
15:10
13:25
13:37
04:04
16:54
14:45
12:45
13:00
13:45
02:13
10:30
14:27
13:32
11:05
14:33
12:16
11:45
15:11
05:30
16:11
20:10
15:00
15:25
12:25
11:30
12:55
13:19
13:40
12:50
15:03
16:10
12:35
11:37
13:35
12:50
15:00
14:10
14:02
14:25
14:35
12:18
15:51
13:31
14:43
13:45
14:20
14:05
11:54
11:45
15:10
12:40
14:30
14:24
12:20
Streamflow
L/s
3.5
2.8
3.2
3.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
3.4
2.2
2.2
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
2.2
2.2
5.7
18.3
33.8
36.5
30.9
41.5
36.8
33.1
73.5
56.7
32.3
26.7
21.4
13.2
7.4
8.3
35.3
77.4
65.9
60.3
22.7
8.3
6.5
4.9
6.5
8.7
6.5
6.5
4.2
4.9
2.8
3.5
3.2
4.2
3.5
3.2
3.5
11.1
32.3
18.9
10.1
10.1
16.6
10.1
5.7
12.2
9.2
4.2
3.5
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.2
pH
7.66
7.53
7.49
7.52
7.05
7.16
7.44
6.74
7.30
6.69
7.33
7.46
7.43
7.64
7.58
7.43
7.27
7.05
7.16
6.99
7.13
7.24
6.87
6.88
6.95
6.91
7.18
6.89
6.92
6.96
7.00
7.32
7.31
7.13
6.93
6.93
6.85
7.10
6.62
6.45
7.58
7.33
7.30
7.28
7.49
7.40
7.48
7.37
7.34
7.28
7.35
7.17
7.48
7.44
7.02
7.06
7.31
7.33
7.61
7.55
7.60
6.89
7.19
7.31
7.24
7.33
7.24
7.51
6.93
7.19
Na
µM
452.0
470.0
532.0
505.0
622.1
529.1
502.7
521.1
546.1
535.1
536.4
518.9
524.5
519.5
514.8
533.0
533.0
451.1
420.6
379.1
367.9
367.7
370.3
370.5
370.2
355.9
359.3
354.6
370.8
549.1
387.0
556.8
438.4
411.9
357.0
355.5
357.5
402.7
409.3
453.1
466.3
518.4
464.4
503.3
449.8
451.7
481.7
496.1
504.0
506.7
533.6
571.1
530.7
526.3
393:2
379.7
413.0
426.8
461.1
448.0
461.1
472.9
498.1
520.1
542.8
566.1
583.5
606.5
627.2
560.6
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
26.0
27.0
25.0
27.0
28.6
34.9
35.6
32.8
28.3
29.3
28.7
28.3
31.8
31.9
28.4
28.7
27.6
25.0
26.0
33.2
29.6
27.1
27.0
29.9
25.7
32.9
29.2
26.6
27.0
27.5
25.9
29.7
29.7
28.3
33.5
31.3
32.3
27.4
32.3
29.2
44.7
34.1
30.6
34.5
27.6
28.2
27.8
28.9
30.2
26.3
30.2
32.2
30.7
30.7
27.9
25.6
25.2
25.2
25.6
28.1
25.6
30.9
25.0
44.8
26.4
27.8
28.0
30.0
23.8
27.0
M
µM
160.0
171.0
165.0
196.0
233.5
229.2
229.5
234.2
244.9
239.7
237.3
223.0
235.2
221.0
222.0
220.2
217.7
147.5
134.3
120.2
118.8
110.4
103.0
100.4
100.0
99.2
99.5
101.4
105.8
92.4
106.7
132.0
130.9
107.4
96.8
101.1
100.9
106.8
124.4
138.8
144.5
160.5
135:4
151.5
157.8
161.3
172.0
174.7
191.2
199.9
225.4
229.5
226.2
222.1
120.5
114.4
109.2
124.6
127.5
127.5
135.7
148.9
150.2
140.3
168.7
191.6
204.9
225.3
255.5
246.5
123
Ca
µM
235.0
251.0
263.0
306.0
363.5
358.4
356.3
363.2
376.4
366.2
363.2
333.9
355.8
329.3
331.9
328.2
324.1
211.9
192.6
170.9
161.8
158.1
146.9
145.7
143.9
142.4
139.6
142.3
146.2
110.2
153.1
266.3
185.4
150.3
144.1
143.2
145.4
148.0
176.3
195.9
205.5
234.5
199.7
223.9
225.3
233.1
256.8
270.8
288.9
319.6
352.2
352.3
351.8
346.8
176.1
172.2
161.8
193.4
189.6
184.6
207.1
242.6
246.0
235.0
276.9
308.0
331.8
369.7
412.2
385.3
CI
µM
352.0
362.0
361.0
340.0
490.0
410.0
396.0
407.0
437.0
414.0
406.0
425.0
404.0
399.0
426.0
421.0
406.0
487.3
369.0
340.8
330.5
358.6
353.7
333.7
340.0
334.0
334.2
346.2
354.0
643.9
367.5
400.5
406.6
323.9
281.4
316.3
319.0
354.1
404.2
412.0
436.0
412.6
399.9
411.2
405.3
402.4
396.5
414.9
428.4
398.0
403.3
439.0
412.0
397.0
349.0
306.4
324.4
323.9
330.0
325.0
329.0
350.1
311.3
392.2
382.7
412.9
370.1
410.4
355.3
409.2
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.40
3.20
0.00
2.90
0.00
0.00
12.60
0.00
0.00
1.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.46
25.00
1.68
25.22
16.93
21.36
12.22
4.21
18.24
25.22
5.27
3.52
0.79
0.00
0.42
0.00
24.90
30.94
26.56
19.20
5.70
4.38
0.39
4.14
0.00
2.37
78.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
5.00
0.00
1.00
14.00
13.00
13.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.73
PO4
µM
0.20
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
1.03
0.41
0.12
0.31
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.20
0.00
0.00
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.10
0.37
0.30
2.00
0.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.24
0.00
0.53
0.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
85.0
91.0
103.0
99.0
101.0
122.0
101.0
107.0
117.0
110.0
115.0
126.0
131.0
114.0
115.0
112.0
116.0
78.0
62.2
54.8
50.1
50.9
46.8
44.3
47.3
44.5
43.6
44.9
47.5
37.8
54.6
67.4
67.7
49.7
43.0
42.7
42.1
48.5
67.3
72.1
77.6
76.1
68.4
74.4
79.2
80.0
83.3
85.9
87.5
93.0
99.5
94.0
97.0
95.0
61.0
55.5
53.4
61.4
65.0
61.0
65.0
67.2
58.9
67.4
77.8
81.9
83.9
90.2
96.1
107.3
HCO3
µM
745.8
796.8
846.0
998.0
1151.3
1081.8
1111.8
1125.0
1146.0
1142.2
1117.4
984.0
1072.4
1023.3
995.1
1013.6
1006.4
543.2
581.6
541.4
502.3
454.6
428.2
458.0
444.9
430.9
420.1
427.5
449.3
261.4
455.7
847.4
558.6
507.4
473.9
447.2
459.9
483.1
496.6
595.0
615.7
777.3
626.2
650.3
679.8
706.1
804.0
828.7
890.7
986.1
1116.7
1133.0
1110.4
1106.9
529.4
547.9
535.6
641.3
660.9
653.5
713.3
802.5
886.4
787.2
921.8
1015.7
1146.3
1235.7
1438.9
1226.7
Si
µM
missing
missing
missing
missing
299.8
296.2
289.7
283.8
308.3
300.5
301.5
301.0
302.7
300.9
301.3
301.6
310.1
296.5
264.6
245.1
251.2
263.9
258.2
266.3
258.1
245.0
251.8
281.1
280.1
234.0
300.0
303.2
310.4
258.6
223.6
256.0
248.5
288.8
303.7
307.8
303.5
315.1
308.1
319.9
338.2
334.4
342.8
350.4
334.1
345.5
354.4
348.4
274.7
273.5
268.9
258.6
290.4
290.7
299.2
283.5
304.8
293.8
304.0
317.6
328.6
334.6
333.5
340.3
317.8
328.8
Caspar Creek - Watershed GIB
#
DATE
TIME
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
12/29/93
12/29/93
02/02/94
03/16/94
04/13/94
05/18/94
06/29/94
10/05/94
11/02/94
12/06/94
01/03/95
02/01/95
03/01/95
04/05/95
05/05/95
06/05/95
11/01/95
12/05/95
01/11/96
02/09/96
03/19/96
04/03/96
05/08/96
13:07
13:40
10:10
13:05
13:10
13:45
14:45
12:46
14:05
12:46
13:37
12:43
14:20
10:03
10:54
11:48
12:00
12:00
12:00
12:00
11:19
12:45
10:52
Streamflow
L/s
1.2
2.8
4.9
4.9
2.8
3.5
3.5
1.7
2.8
4.2
8.7
29.5
5.7
9.2
12.2
5.7
missing
missing
missing
14.3
9.2
8.3
missing
pH
7.48
7.36
7.50
6.62
7.90
7.43
7.56
7.12
7.59
7.22
7.44
6.62
6.66
7.02
7.12
7.48
7.28
7.44
7.32
7.35
7.48
7.63
7.61
Na
µM
505.3
515.5
463.8
503.6
550.8
511.5
521.7
590.3
613.2
506.3
431.1
535.3
449.8
395.5
395.2
461.8
560.4
637.0
544.3
389.0
395.3
418.6
411.8
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
21.0
23.5
24.6
27.9
30.3
35.4
29.0
27.0
26.5
26.3
23.5
23.7
22.9
24.0
22.4
24.7
29.7
32.0
35.0
22.1
21.8
22.4
21.0
M
µM
179.4
191.2
141.0
164.3
191.4
186.8
211.8
280.8
299.8
191.7
144.0
128.3
175.3
121.2
115.8
151.8
261.3
279.4
148.1
113.5
114.1
129.1
136.2
124
Ca
µM
305.9
304.0
229.5
256.0
301.8
290.0
330.8
472.8
509.8
314.4
217.6
216.1
319.4
192.4
184.3
238.2
443.1
439.9
227.2
168.3
168.8
190.0
210.9
Cl
µM
384.4
387.5
.347.6
338.3
387.5
358.9
405.7
360.5
362.6
416.3
357.7
264.9
358.3
311.2
305.6
365.8
360.1
411.5
328.3
276.6
241.4
265.2
367.5
NO3
µM
0.00
0.84
4.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.77
0.00
1.51
3.76
5.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.03
0.96
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.83
0.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
106.8
92.6
69.5
73.6
81.2
76.1
83.9
98.6
108.2
95.9
76.2
46.6
82.5
58.1
50.7
52.4
77.5
122.4
72.2
54.1
72.0
73.2
73.7
HCO3
µM
898.0
955.2
738.6
886.5
1017.6
989.0
1062.4
1566.0
1680.0
935.3
663.9
884.1
938.8
619.3
610.9
794.9
1483.0
1451.2
857.4
590.0
597.6
667.6
612.1
Si
µM
310.4
331.0
316.2
304.0
307.2
308.2
292.5
304.8
316.4
302.6
278.6
281.4
315.1
295.8
298.4
305.3
255.5
303.6
423.5
319.2
308.9
314.9
331.0
Caspar Creek - Watershed HEN
#
DATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
04/24/91
05/01/91
02/05/92
02/13/92
12/30/92
01/12/93
03/24/93
04/07/93
05/27/93
02/01/95
01/11/96
03/19/96
04/03/96
05/07/96
TIME Streamflow
L/s
11:30
<1
10:55
<1
12:20
<1
14:05
16.5
13:45
22.2
11:05
12.3
13:50
13.9
12:55
<1
13:50
13.9
14:03 missing
12:00 missing
10:53 missing
10:46 missing
15:50 missing
pH
7.33
7.26
7.07
7.12'
7.15
7.32
7.41
7.45
6.60
6.55
7.44
7.16
7.44
7.41
Na
µM
636.0
621.0
643.9
533.5
548.5
609.3
652.5
687.3
650.2
367.6
750.9
564.1
585.4
607.5
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
27.0
27.0
24.2
24.3
30.4
26.4
30.7
25.6
27.9
21.1
36.6
24.3
25.1
24.8
Mg
µM
169.0
163.0
174.9
135.8
133.3
149.6
164.5
160.4
158.4
110.2
139.5
142.8
148.1
156.5
125
Ca
µM
242.0
241.0
253.3
193.8
212.3
229.4
247.0
247.0
265.6
206.4
250.4
251.9
221.6
233.3
CI
µM
589.0
580.0
649.7
611.6
584.2
660.7
641.0
616.0
511.5
576.5
657.7
597.8
599.5
774.3
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.20
0.38
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
106.0
108.0
87.2
58.4
67.7
73.1
81.0
91.0
79.0
59.2
98.6
82.9
83.6
107.2
HCO3
µM
684.0
659.8
699.8
488.4
550.5
586.6
703.2
729.7
856.4
327.1
712.3
614.3
583.3
423.4
Si
µM
missing
missing
228.7
225.3
243.4
255.5
266.4
267.6
273.6
263.3
316.4
290.0
292.5
303.6
Caspar Creek – IVE
#
DATE
TIME
1 04110/91
2 04/16191
6 04/24/91
4 05101/91
5 02/05/92
6 02/13/92
7 03/04/92
8 03/11/92
9 03/25/92
10 04/01/92
11 04/08/92
12 04/16192
13 04/23/92
14 04/29/92
15 06/06/92
16 05/21/92
17 06/11/92
18 06/24/92
19 07/09/92
20 08/05/92
21 09/15192
22 11/04192
23 11/19/92
24 12/02/92
25 12/16192
26 12/29/92
27 01/12/93
28 02/17/93
29 03/03/93
30 03/24/93
31 04/07/93
32 04/28/93
33 05/12/93
34 05/27/93
35 06/07/93
36 07/02/93
37 07/22/93
38 08/10/93
39 09/07/93
40 10/20/93
41 12/01/93
42 12/29/93
43 02/02/94
44 03/16/94
45 04/13194
46 05/18/94
47 06/29/94
48 10/05/94
49 11/02/94
50 12106/94
51 01/03/95
52 02/01/95
53 03/01/95
54 04/05/95
55 05/05/95
56 06/05/95
57 11/01/95
58 12/05/95
59 02/09/96
60 03/19/96
61 04/03196
62 05/07/96
12:11
09:48
11:01
10:24
11:40
13:15
11:10
10:36
13:20
10:43
10:10
11:15
11:51
11:40
11:00
13-40
11:05
10:20
10:00
12:15
11:20
13:50
12:05
13:00
13:10
12:10
10:15
13:23
11:50
12:10
12:21
11:35
12:25
13:30
08:29
11:06
14:00
10:30
13:00
11:38
09:40
11:06
09:40
11:15
10:42
11:32
12:45
14:30
12:55
10:57
11:56
11:55
12:04
09:20
09:25
11:08
12:00
12:00
11:40
10:58
11:10
16:06
Streamflow
L/s
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.5
6.4
1.6
1.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.5
1.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.7
1.0
7.4
9.6
3.3
3.3
7.4
4.5
1.5
1.5
4.5
2.2
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
1.0
1.0
0.5
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
1.3
24.8
1.9
2.9
5.4
1.5
missing
missing
6.4
3.7
3.7
0.5
pH
7.66
7.56
7.45
7.45
7.05
6.97
7.66
7.62
7.21
7.78
7.31
7.33
7.51
7.25
7.68
7.76
7.55
7.34
7.29
7.33
7.40
7.12
7.43
7.41
7.01
7.11
7.49
7.68
7.69
7:65
7.67
6:84
6.93
7.22
7.19
7.22
7.41
7.41
7.24
7.38
7.48
7.20
7.60
6.45
7.76
7.42
7.58
7.42
7.77
7.40
7.54
6.61
6.82
7.05
6.92
7.47
7.32
7.38
7.33
7.26
7.54
7.77
Na
µM
423.0
429.0
453.0
521.0
498.1
382.9
568.2
661.8
450.7
574.6
469.2
513.9
489.4
490.1
501.5
477.6
489.4
501.3
505.6
520.7
522.9
562.9
530.7
787.3
393.6
389.7
394.8
401.1
426.3
465.4
478.5
434.2
481.5
514.4
490.7
539.9
560.6
575.8
587.8
570.7
524.0
505.5
473.9
497.8
566.3
519.1
520.2
574.7
566.8
519.4
468.0
401.5
497.0
403.7
414.4
477.3
784.3
561.3
406.7
418.2
440.4
462.1
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
24.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
23.2
21.2
23.9
23.7
24.6
28.2
25.6
30.3
31.6
30.1
24.4
27.1
28.1
29.5
31.5
30.2
29.11
32.0
33.2
48.6
25.3
22.8
21.5
22.4
23.0
25.6
23.0
23.8
25.0
24.4
26.5
26.3
27.5
27.7
30.0
26.1
24.4
24.5
23.5
29.3
29.8
37.4
29.4
39.9
29.7
26.9
24.0
19.8
21.3
23.9
22.5
25.4
35.8
30.7
22.1
21.6
22.0
23.0
126
Mg
µM
163.0
177.0
199.0
190.0
211.0
146.11
169.0
168.2
158.7
176.5
190.6
209.6
187.6
196.8
225.7
231.5
232.5
263.1
260.9
268.6
281.0
294.9
279.7
172.8
159.2
139.4
121.9
144.4
148.1
152.2
160.4
153.2
180.4
184.2
165.5
206.4
227.4
236.7
252.8
270.3
255.7
232.0
187.6
193.6
236.4
228.0
267.3
303.6
301.5
236.6
203.7
86.0
119.3
152.2
139.2
184.6
241.6
260.1
135.8
143.1
153.3
166.2
Ca
µM
264.0
282.0
323.0
316.0
347.2
238.1
330.7
328.2
259.4
337.5
307.8
351.5
311.4
328.1
364.2
381.2
396.3
443.7
441.1
474.1
484.6
502.5
479.0
272.2
271.0
246.0
211.1
253.2
259.5
249.5
276.9
281.8
327.1
330.0
301.9
372.7
407.5
426.3
454.6
472.6
424.4
388.8
332.1
337.1
404.3
390.9
457.2
551.5
551.7
428.9
346.1
146.7
203.0
266.3
247.5
327.8
381.3
429.9
226.5
237.0
252.8
275.7
CI
µM
311.0
318.0
322.0
320.0
554.4
316.21
334.0
322.8
340.5
336.5
352.0
346.1
332.9
351.0
35
350.5
360.1
364.3
356.0
355.0
358.7
365.0
369.0
959.0
326.0
308.2
330.1
321.6
377.0
362.0
376.0
348.4
382.3
340.0
363.0
395.0
417.6
372.7
392.4
340.0
358.3
372.2
339.0
365.7
381.8
354.6
382.0
353.1
357.2
434.3
381.5
350.8
414.8
421.4
415.1
444.1
483.5
376.2
349.8
381.7
391.6
515.4
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19.45
0.00
0.12
0.22
0.11
2.81
0.77
0.00
0.001
10.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.33
1.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.85
0.84
1.82
1.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.52
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4 SO4
µM
µM
0.00 69.0
0.00 77.0
0.00 81.0
0.50 88.0
0.00 94.2
0.63 54.1
0.17 64.6
0.38 65.8
0.31 56.7
0.24 63.2
0.10 71.9
0.52 74.1
0.00 68.2
0.14 72.4
0.43 77.5
0.11 81.5
6.3-6 84.5
0.19 87.6
0.11 87.1
0.00 91.0
0.08 90.3
1.00 92.0
1.00 90.0
0.00 92.0
0.00 66.0
0.00 56.1
0.00 41.3
0.00 51.0
0.00 49.0
0.00 44.0
0.00 52.0
0.00 50.2
0.00 58.3
0.00 52.8
0.00 54.0
0.00 69.4
0.00 72.5
0.66 76.1
0.00 82.0
0.00 84.7
1.01 86.4
0.80 87.8
0.00 70.5
0.00 70.3
0.00 80.0
0.00 74.7
0.80 84.3
0.00 85.0
0.00 88.9
0.00 96.9
0.00 89.8
0.83 31.0
0.00 78.8
0.00 43.7
0.00 44.4
0.00 45.9
0.86 125.1
0.00 75.4
0.00 66.6
0.00 41.9
0.00 49.2
0.00 63.1
HCO3 Si
µM
µM
852.0 missing
900.0 missing
1038.0 missing
1061.6 missing
875.3 304.9
747.5 290.2
1118.1 327.2
1123.4 323.7
857.0 335.1
1164.9 337.0
995.0 330.0
1171.6 342.0
1049.7 334.1
1063.4 340.8
1193.9 353.8
1216.7 363.1
1245.6 377.7
1414.8 379.5
1410.8 375.2
1499.2 382.0
1543.9 388.4
1639.7 368.1
1531.4 353.8
582.7 334.3
821.3 284.3
763.0 283.8
669.7 308.8
795.0 303.2
789.4 337.2
844.4 325.1
896.2 333.9
879.1 316.3
1022.8 339.2
1121.6 343.5
981.1 347.1
1190.8 366.0
1295.4 372.4
1404.1 378.4
1476.1 380.9
1573.1 363.1
1376.5 375.8
1221.5 352.9
1054.9 344.5
1082.2 327.3
1335.8 349.2
1290.3 347.9
1447.2 344.6
1791.7 372.4
1767.1 369.6
1247.3 341.8
1029.0 303.5
473.0 315.1
590.6 359.3
755.8 353.0
706.5 338.5
991.8 367.4
1326.8 271.9
1445.0 334.5
670.3 352.3
734.5 365.1
784.7 363.0
727.2 365.8
Caspar Creek - Watershed JOH
#
DATE
TIME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
04/10/91
04/16/91
05/01/91
02/05/92
02/13/92
03/04/92
03/11/92
03/25/92
04/01/92
04/08/92
04/16/92
04/23/92
04/29/92
05/06/92
05/21/92
12/02/92
12/16/92
12/29/92
01/12/93
02/17/93
03/03/93
03/24/93
04/07/93
04/28/93
05/12/93
05/24/93
05/27/93
06/09/93
07/01/93
07/22/93
08/10/93
02/02/94
03/16/94
04/13/94
05/18/94
06/29/94
12/06/94
01/03/95
02/01/95
03/01/95
04/05/95
11/01/95
12/05/95
01/11/96
02/09/96
03/19/96
04/03/96
05/07/96
10:15
10:54
09:51
11:00
12:00
11:45
10:12
12:25
10:30
09:40
10:10
11:19
10:50
10:20
12:40
12:01
12:50
11:30
12:50
11:55
11:10
11:35
11:26
10:45
11:35
10:13
11:45
10:15
10:50
14:39
09:25
10:48
10:45
10:10
10:13
10:57
10:33
11:20
13:31
11:08
10:04
12.10
12:00
12:00
11:10
10:26
10:45
15:00
Streamflow
L/s
2.8
0.0
2.3
2.8
35.7
5.3
6.1
6.1
4.0
0.9
2.8
6.8
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.3
6.8
44.6
27.7
9.3
8.4
35.7
16.0
13.9
5.3
4.0
27.7
12.0
6.8
6.8
4.0
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
0.0
0.0
6.1
71.4
5.3
0.0
missing
missing
missing
18.1
10.1
12.0
0.9
pH
Na
µM
7.56 485.0
7.12 520.0
7.36 513.0
6.99 532.7
7.25 432.7
7.03 515.6
7.50 611.6
7.15 474.9
7.23 536.8
7.55 506.8
6.48 563.7
7.27 543.0
7.32 547.8
7.28 519,2
6.88 527.5
7.23 587.2
6.94 435.0
6.77 436.7
7.25 479.8
7.28 475.8
7.48 508.9
7.41 491.5
7.52 530.7
6.90 503.6
7.01 530.4
7.15 599.0
7.19 522.1
7.23 540.7
7.29 596.1
7.49 618.2
7.07 635.6
7.20 514.8
6.58 535.6
7.79 615.3
7.45 563.1
7.53 579.4
7.24 574.6
7.151 493.7
6.711 504.3
6.92 495.4
6.90 449.2
7.42 673.0
7.40 744.3
7.21 607.4
7.30 439.9
7.27 443.5
7.20 465.8
7.56 481.8
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
24.0
23.0
25.0
21.8
20.6
22.8
24.7
23.5
26.5
23.5
28.7
27.2
28.5
26.3
24.1
30.7
22.3
21.5
23.3
29.2
23.0
23.0
23.0
22.9
27.2
23.5
23.7
32.5
23.7
25.1
27.0
21.8
23.9
25.7
48.9
74.0
24.8
21.5
21.6
21.7
22.8
26.3
32.5
33.2
20.8
20.4
21.2
20.9
127
Mg
µM
114.0
119.0
122.0
126.4
98.4
110.5
117.2
108.4
121.4
118.8
132.2
122.8
126.9
135.9
141.3
172.8
105.3
104.5
100.4
106.6
115.2
111.1
123.4
119.5
126.9
136.8
128.9
125.9
138.7
146.0
156.1
121.6
138.7
156.3
152.4
167.3
153.9
125.5
119.3
113.3
109.7
170.4
196.7
154.7
101.5
103.8
117.4
117.5
Ca
µM
159.0
163.0
174.0
179.2
144.6
159.1
259.2
156.5
172.1
168.8
200.4
186.8
189.1
196.6
201.0
249.5
152.9
160.4
154.1
166.4
174.7
172.2
184.6
201.3
210.9
225.9
218.7
211.2
231.3
241.9
254.5
197.6
216.1
236.2
238.2
255.9
233.8
188.6
185.5
183.9
176.6
259.9
288.0
187.3
154.5
158.0
182.8
176.3
CI
µM
453.0
482.0
473.0
380.2
410.4
598.5
447.1
477.5
460.5
478.0
492.9
445.5
471.1
480.9
496.3
531.0
407.0
388.2
418.3
377.8
425.0
405.0
408.0
402.6
438.9
469.5
365.5
407.3
491.3
528.4
481.6
395.3
452.5
479.4
427.5
594.5
582.2
430.6
355.0
451.9
435.8
562.8
626.9
434,9
392.9
346.2
343.1
502.3
NO3
µM
11.70
5.90
1.00
3.36
20.78
0.00
0.93
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.00
0.00
3.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.21
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
73.0
78.0
79.0
69.7
55.5
72.2
69.7
60.7
66.5
69.6
74.5
71.2
75.7
77.0
76.1
85.0
64.0
56.9
49.2
58.8
56.0
54.0
63.0
59.1
62.9
68.7
55.4
61.6
69.9
72.6
72.6
72.2
72.3
82.7
81.4
82.8
100.4
85.1
41.0
81.4
51.6
83.3
96.8
66.9
41.5
43.6
49.9
68.4
HCO3 Si
µM
µM
444.3 missing
463.1 missing
498.0 missing
642.6 249.4
397.3 231.7
334.8 271.7
801.6 269.3
429.5 269.7
556.9 276.5
488.0 267.2
615.7 283.0
601.5 276.5
584.9 280.8
575.4 295.6
587.6 295.3
761.4 314.6
435.7 298.1
486.0 237.8
491.7 253.2
555.5 244.2
574.6 269.7
568.0 263.6
635.8 277.8
647.4 276.8
668.6 275.7
740.2 291.6
764.4 272.4
716.8 288.0
728.9 276.3
745.6 294.5
856.7 297.8
635.1 275.7
671.9 272.3
781.3 281.7
802.9 284.3
739.7 259.8
591.8 252.0
542.6 251.4
697.8 245.5
497.0 286.2
505.7 278.7
830.4 258.0
925.8 241.6
755.2 432.7
496.9 281.5
553.9 289.0
644.4 296.4
451.1 322.4
Caspar Creek - Watershed KJE
#
DATE
TIME
1 03/27/91
2 04/10/91
3 04/16191
4 04/24/91
5 05/01/91
6 02/05/92
7 02/10/92
8 02/11/92
9 02/12/92
10 02/12/92
11 02/13/92
12 02/15/92
13 02/18/92
14 02/22/92
15 02/25/92
16 03/04/92
17 03/11/92
18 03/16/92
19 03/16/92
20 03/16/92
21 03/17/92
22 03/18/92
23 03/25/92
24 04/01/92
25 04/08/92
26 04/16/92
27 04/23/92
28 04/29/92
29 05/06/92
30 05/21/92
31 06/01/92
32 06/11/92
33 06/24/92
34 07/09/92
35 08/05/92
36 09/15/92
37 11/04/92
38 11/19/92
39 12/02/92
40 12/08/92
41 12/08/92
42 12/08/92
43 12/08/92
44 12/08/92
45 12/08/92
46 12/08/92
47 12/08/92
48 12/08/92
49 12/08/92
50 12/08/92
51 12/08/92
52 12/09/92
53 12/09/92
54 12/09/92
55 12/09/92
56 12/09/92
57 12/09/92
58 12/09/92
59 12/09/92
60 12/09/92
61 12/09/92
62 12/09/92
63 12/09/92
64 12/09/92
65 12/09/92
66 12/09/92
67 12/09/92
68 12/09/92
69 12/09/92
70 12/09/92
09:36
09:36
09:52
09:22
09:21
10:00
10:25
10:40
02:30
13:44
10:30
06:55
15:15
10:26
12:10
07:45
04:30
06:00
08:58
14:43
10:20
09:41
10:45
09:50
09:05
09:20
10:39
10:05
09:30
09:35
12:25
09:20
08:00
08:20
10:50
08:53
10:31
09:30
10:13
12:55
13:55
14:55
15:55
16:55
17:55
18:55
19:55
20:55
21:55
22:55
23:55
00:55
01:55
02:55
03:55
04:55
05:55
06:55
07:55
08:55
09:55
10:55
11:55
12:55
13:55
14:55
15:55
16:55
17:55
18:55
Streamfiow
L/s
5.42
5.42
5.42
4.52
4.96
7.40
6.38
13.23
26.42
36.88
29.77
29.77
20.16
18.70
10.17
6.89
6.89
60.14
69.13
54.74
28.08
17.27
6.38
4.52
7.40
8.47
5.90
6.38
6.38
4.52
3.67
2.89
2.53
2.89
2.18
4.09
3.27
3.27
2.89
7.40
9.82
12.47
15.33
21.82
28.92
38.74
59.26
58.83
61.46
63,91
63.91
63.91
58.83
58.83
54.11
54.11
54.11
51.80
49.53
51.59
45.10
45.10
40.82
40.82
40.82
40.82
36.69
36.69
36.69
36.69
pH
7.50
7.58
7.42
7.30
7.30
6.57
6.89
7.23
6.94
7.03
7.47
7.08
7.32
7.00
6.95
6.45
7.08
6.75
6.28
6.82
6.90
7.27
7.16
7.48
7.59
7.16
7.38
7.37
7.40
7.30
7.25
7.39
7.31
7.24
7.50
7.39
7.49
7.60
7.40
7.22
7.16
7.07
7.06
7.06
7.05
7.04
7.01
7.04
7.08
7.06
7.03
7.02
7.05
7.03
7.05
7.03
7.07
7.04
6.98
7.13
7.18
7.16
7.14
7.16
7.14
7.11
7.12
7.11
7.13
7.10
Na
µM
489.0
491.0
511.0
543.0
543.0
503.4
530.3
489.3
432.6
433.1
440.6
429.1
445.3
432.1
454.7
491.5
516.0
452.2
562.2
461.0
438.8
449.7
491.3
626.7
521.5
574.7
538.0
582.3
508.5
541.5
562.5
535.0
584.9
558.2
600.7
629.1
613.3
678.6
582.9
495.9
448.0
430.6
426.3
421.9
408.9
387.1
378.4
369.7
365.4
382.8
369.7
382.8
374.1
374.1
374.1
374.1
382.8
374.1
378.4
387.1
378.4
374.1
378.4
378.4
391.5
378.4
387.1
378.4
378.4
378.4
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
24.7
25.0
23.0
23.0
24.0
20.5
23.4
22.0
22.4
21.7
20.4
20.7
21.2
21.2
20.6
23.5
20.9
24.0
25.4
22.4
22.8
22.0
22.9
21.8
22.0
29.3
26.8
27.7
22.2
23.5
24.4
22.9
28.0
27.3
22.0
26.4
30.2
33.2
28.1
28.4
28.1
28.1
28.1
28.1
28.4
28.1
28.1
23.0
25.6
26.1
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
23.0
24.3
25.6
23.0
24.4
25.6
25.6
25.6
23.0
23.0
23.0
25.6
23.0
23.4
23.0
Mg
µM
115.0
113.0
114.0
123.0
123.0
126.0
132.3
117.8
101.2
88.8
94.1
89.0
93.6
88.4
96.7
109.3
109.7
74.5
79.2
76.3
85.3
90.8
106.8
112.1
117.0
132.2
119.7
126.6
127.8
135.9
132.3
127.6
152.5
149.2
157.5
171.8
163.3
176.9
164.5
123.4
115.2
111.1
102.8
98.7
90.5
86.4
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
78.2
82.3
78.2
78.2
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
78.2
78.2
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
128
Ca
µM
145.0
152.0
156.0
169.0
171.0
174.8
185.1
161.7
139.7
123.4
134.4
127.6
133.1
127.7
137.5
153.2
151.3
106.5
106.7
111.6
122.8
128.5
151.1
233.0
163.9
201.6
178.0
190.2
182.6
198.6
200.2
191.5
221.0
216.8
234.0
248.0
229.5
257.0
244.5
174.7
167.2
159.7
152.2
144.7
134.7
127.2
124.8
119.8
119.8
122.3
119.8
117.3
117.3
119.8
119.8
119.8
119.8
122.3
122.3
122.3
119.8
119.8
119.8
122.3
122.3
122.3
122.3
122.3
122.3
122.3
CI
µM
475.0
482.0
504.0
524.0
515.0
504.0
508.4
428.0
365.0
355.5
374.3
368.4
370.8
378.1
405.0
436.0
572.8
259.9
278.1
284.6
344.8
376.3
424.5
431.1
466.0
458.1
409.3
471.8
470.0
470.2
567.4
52.3
570.3
532.7
602.0
641.2
573.0
614.0
535.0
425.0
404:0
391.0
373.0
371.0
360.0
327.0
308.0
301.0
296.0
299.0
295.0
297.0
292.0
303.0
297.0
294.0
304.0
305.0
319.0
318.0 _
306.0
297.0
311.0
302.0
316.0
311.0
313.0
305.0
310.0
307.0
NO3
µM
30.2
25.50
17.90
16.50
11.80
18.00
18.92
28.25
26.24
44.29
39.08
40.66
28.46
22.12
20.68
7.60
8.70
8.30
15.19
18.21
17.49
24.34
7.17
5.03
0.51
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.00
7.00
8.00
5.00
5.00
9.00
9.00
15.00
15.00
16.00
19.00
17.00
18.00
18.00
17.00
21.00
20.00
19.00
18.00
21.00
19.00
16.00
18.00
16.00
16.00
16.00
16.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
14.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.07
0.00
0.29
0.06
0.17
0.00
0.16
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.00
0.16
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
75.0
78.0
79.0
82.0
84.0
83.8
78.7
73.1
68.3
57.0
58.9
56.4
62.0
60.6
68.1
75.4
82.5
53.0
52.9
52.7
56.2
62.1
71.9
75.0
79.9
81.8
78.2
80.4
80.1
80.1
80.8
82.0
85.9
83.0
88.0
91.9
89.0
98.0
91.0
69.0
65.0
64.0
62.0
61.0
59.0
58.0
56.0
56.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
54.0
56.0
57.0
56.0
56.0
58.0
55.0
55.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
58.0
58.0
55.0
56.0
57.0
HCO3
µM
378.5
382.5
394.1
445.5
460.2
435.7
503.7
467.7
409.0
365.5
386.8
361.3
396.7
364.0
382.0
445.8
312.4
463.9
560.3
451.0
403.3
385.6
461.7
752.5
479.1
649.8
594.5
610.7
521.4
603.6
522.7
479.8
617.8
618.8
627.9
670.0
678.2
769.5
712.1
548.3
499.8
475.2
462.5
438.9
400.7
390.5
385.6
368.8
373.0
389.9
369.1
382.4
370.5
365.5
377.7
375.2
374.1
373.7
358.5
367.6
367.8
370.5
369.1
380.5
379.5
367.5
378.8
380.5
372.9
375.5
Si
µM
235.6
250.7
262.7
264.7
269.8
250.8
257.3
241.3
213.5
206.2
220.8
226.0
235.6
250.7
262.7
264.7
269.8
207.9
200.0
215.5
235.8
247.6
270.2
278.3
279.6
279.6
277.4
280.5
296.5
303.4
307.2
304.6
332.3
307.1
293.6
310.8
300.9
346.0
355.3
288.9
222.6
210.9
201.1
201.1
192.7
183.1
183.8
181.2
195.9
202.3
181.2
184.1
187.1
191.2
201.7
192.4
197.1
194.8
195.3
194.2
195.1
197.0
201.5
203.0
205.5
203.8
206.5
206.3
210.5
208.1
Caspar Creek - Watershed KJE
#
DATE
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/16/92
12/29/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12131/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31192
12/31/92
12131/92
12131/92
12131/92
12/31/92
12/31/91
12131/92
12/31/92
01/01/93
01/01/93
01/01/93
01/07/93
01/07/93
01/07/93
01/07/93
01/07/93
01/07/93
TIME Streamflow
L/s
19:55
36.69
20:55
36.69
21:55
38.74
22:55
40.82
23:55
40.82
00:55
40.82
01:55
38.74
02:55
36.69
03:55
36.69
04:55
36.69
05:55
40.82
06:55
45.10
07:55
45.10
08:55
56.45
17:05
94.27
18:05
90.19
19:05
81.97
20:05
74.03
21:05
68.90
22:05
63.91
23:05
61.46
00:05
58.83
01:05
54.11
02:05
49.53
03:05
45.10
04:05
45.10
05:05
42.94
06:05
40.82
07:05
40.82
08:05
38.74
09:05
36.69
10:05
36.69
11:05
36.69
12:05
36.69
13:05
36.69
14:05
32.72
15:05
32.72
16:05
32.72
12:06
9.59
10:45
19.42
03:16
35.05
04:16
40.82
05:16
47.70
06:16
54.11
07:16
65.48
08:16
68.90
09:16
68.90
10:16
71.92
11:16 149.26
12:16 161.54
13:16 175.45
14:16 176.73
15:16 167.50
16:16 176.73
17:16 168.44
18:16 165.61
19:16 158.75
20:16 142.65
21:16 134.97
22:16 126.02
23:16 119.81
00:16 119.81
01:16 109.88
02:16 107.44
03:29
45.10
04:29
94.27
05:29
45.10
06:29
35.96
07:29
35.96
08:29
35.96
pH
7.11
7.10
7.06
6.96
6.88
6.84
6.60
6.54
6.53
6.48
6.49
6.49
6.51
6.49
6.83
6.80
6.92
6.90
6.89
6.88
6.81
6.87
6.83
6.83
6.80
6.81
6.79
6.83
6.78
6.77
6.83
6.91
6.90
6.83
6.85
6.83
6.84
6.82
7.11
7.01
6.83
6.99
6.98
6.96
6.93
6.95
6.92
6.88
6.93
6.78
6.76
6.78
6.77
6.75
6.78
6.85
6.81
6.90
6.84
6.97
6.91
6.90
6.93
6.84
7.18
7.16
7.13
7.10
7.11
7.08
Na
µM
382.8
382.8
391.5
382.8
382.8
387.1
387.1
382.8
382.8
382.8
378.4
374.1
369.7
334.9
339.3
339.3
343.6
348.0
352.3
356.7
361.0
361.0
361.0
356.7
361.0
343.6
361.0
356.7
369.7
365.4
365.4
365.4
369,7
369.7
374.1
361.0
361.0
369.7
439.8
450.6
406.3
395.4
384.9
385.4
370.2
366.7
355.4
347.1
323.6
318.0
309.3
314.0
317.5
315.4
320.6
317.1
326.7
330.1
333.4
336.7
336.7
347.5
346.7
350.6
444.5
437.4
434.6
435.9
439.7
435.2
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
25.6
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
25.6
25.6
23.0
23.0
23.0
25.6
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
24.5
25.6
23.0
23.5
23.0
24.3
22.5
22.8
18.9
20.7
18.9
21.0
19.2
20.7
18.4
20.5
21.0
20.2
23.0
20.7
22.51
21.2
22.0
20.7
20.5
21.0
22.3
21.0
25.1
24.6
24.0
21.7
20.2
21.2
21.4
20.1
20.7
129
Mg
µM
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
82.3
78.2
78.2
69.9
69.9
69.9
74.0
74.0
74.0
74.0
74.0
74.0
74.0
78.2
78.2
74.0
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
82.3
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
102.8
104.1
90.1
86.4
84.7
83.5
79.4
77.3
74.0
71.6
67.9
65.8
64.2
65.0
65.4
65.4
65.4
66.2
67.9
67.9
76.5
70.3
71.2
74.5
72.8
72.8
91.3
90.7
89.5
89.9
88.2
88.6
Ca
µM
119.8
119.8
119.8
119.8
119.8
119.8
119.8
122.3
122.3
122.3
119.8
117.3
114.8
107.3
107.3
109.8
109.8
112.3
112.3
114.8
114.8
114.8
117.3
117.3
114.8
112.3
117.3
117.3
119.8
117.3
117.3
119.8
119.8
117.3
119.8
117.3
117.3
117.3
149.7
155.7
135.7
132.0
125.2
122.8
118.0
116.5
114.3
108.8
104.3
95.3
99.6
101.5
101.5
98.8
100.0
102.3
106.5
106.0
101.0
108.0
110.8
114.5
115.0
114.5
135.4
133.6
132.8
133.6
132.3
131.8
CI
µM
304.0
296.0
304.0
300.0
305.0
300.0
301.0
302.0
302.0
298.0
291.0
282.0
282.0
250.0
268.0
273.0
289.0
278.0
287.0
298.0
291.0
303.0
313.0
298.0
294.0
295.0
296.0
314.0
312.0
300.0
312.0
306.0
311.0
311.0
320.0
306.0
300.0
306.0
370.0
360.9
318.3
307.9
296.9
282.2
276.2
264.1
260.2
253.9
241.5
237.5
231.5
240.7
242.7
240.0
242.5
240.9
259.7
252.9
294.9
255.9
261.8
272.7
269.6
265.9
297.7
298.6
300.5
297.8
301.9
297.4
NO3
µM
11.00
8.00
10.00
11.00
13.00
12.00
10.00
12.00
12.00
13.00
11.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
13.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
16.00
16.00
15.00
15.00
14.00
14.00
13.00
14.00
13.00
14.00
11.00
11.00
11.00
11.00
11.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
8.00
9.30
6.90
7.60
6.70
7.30
6.70
4.40
6.60
6.60
4.80
5.60
6.90
8.70
5.20
6.80
9.70
9.40
9.901
6.901
8.80
9.70
8.70
10.10
12.20
4.52
3.02
4.16
6.08
4.45
6.04
PO4
µM
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.62
0.00
0.70
0.68
0.00
0.53
SO4
µM
57.0
57.0
58.0
58:0
57.0
58.0
57.5
57.0
58.0
58.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
50.0
47.0
47.0
47.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
49.0
49.0
49.0
47.0
53.0
52.0
55.0
53.0
53.0
55.0
55.0
54.0
56.0
54.0
54.0
55.0
71.0
70.3
64.3
62.5
61.2
59.0
57.4
55.2
53.4
52.2
48.6
46.4
44.5
44.1
44.3
44.8
44.3
44.1
45.5
45.7
57.0
47.1
47.4
47.7
47.4
49.0
62.9
62.7
63.0
62.2
62.3
61.7
HCO3
µM
380.9
391.9
388.6
382.9
377.9
386.2
390.8
386.8
384.8
387.8
393.5
385.9
375.6
352.9
344.3
341.7
336.3
353.6
350.5
347.3
358.7
347.7
340.7
360.5
363.9
337.3
358.9
339.5
352.6
362.2
350.2
357.2
364.8
355.0
353.5
350.9
357.3
357.6
447.1
483.2
424.5
411.3
398.7
409.9
387.6
392.4
381.3
361.3
343.1
326.1
330.8
334.3
332.1
331.5
334.8
337.3
336.1
344.2
293.7
356.8
355.2
373.8
372.4
373.2
491.4
479.2
469.7
475.9
469.9
469.9
Si
µM
204.9
207.4
206.3
207.9
218.5
213.8
214.1
214.1
213.6
208.4
205.9
205.4
199.5
189.5
190.2
188.1
194.7
195.8
202.3
201.3
202.4
204.7
210.8
208.0
212.7
206.4
208.7
215.6
216.3
222.9
213.4
213.6
215.1
211.6
218.2
214.9
210.2
214.0
238.7
239.5
221.0
223.5
212.5
205.9
204.1
191.7
197.8
186.6
174.7
168.2
162.2
168.6
169.9
171.1
172.3
174.0
181.3
184.4
186.7
188.9
197.5
259.3
200.4
200.6
229.3
224.5
232.9
229.7
223.1
224.4
Caspar Creek - Watershed KJE
#
DATE
TIME Streamflow
L/s
141 01/07/93 09:29 35.96
142 01/07/93 10:29 35.96
143 01/07/93 11:27 35.96
144 01/07/93 12:27 35.96
145 01/07/93 13:02 35.96
146 01/07/93 19:05 35.05
147 01/07/93 19:22 35.05
148 01/07/93 20:22 35.05
149 01/07/93 21:22 35.05
150 01/07/93 22:22 35.05
151 01/07/93 23:22 31.49
152 01/08/93 00:22 35.05
153 01/08/93 01:22 31.49
154 01/08/93 02:22 31.49
155 01/08/93 03:22 31.49
156 01/08/93 04:22 31.49
157 01/12/93 10:15 15.88
158 01/13/93 19:42 13.23
159 01/13/93 20:42 15.88
160 01/13/93 21:42 21.67
161 01/13/93 22:42 33.25
162 01/13/93 23:42 40.63
163 01/14/93 00:42 48.51
164 01/14/93 01:42 54.74
165 01/14/93 02:42 61.24
166 01/14/93 03:42 65.71
167 01/14/93 04:42 72.62
168 01/14/93 05:42 65.71
169 01/14/93 06:42 67.98
170 01/14/93 07:42 67.98
171 01/14/93 08:42 63.46
172 01/14/93 09:42 63.46
173 01/14/93 10:42 63.46
174 01/14/93 11:42 59.04
175 01/14/93 12:42 59.04
176 01/14/93 13:44 50.56
177 01/14/93 15:44 44.51
178 01/14/93 17:44 40.63
179 01/14/93 19:44 35.05
180 01/14/93 21:44 35.05
181 01/14/93 23:44 35.05
182 01/15/93 01:44 31.49
183 01/15/93 03:44 31.49
184 01/15/93 05:44 28.08
185 01/15/93 07:44 28.08
186 01/15/93 09:44 28.08
187 01/15/93 11:44 24.80
188 01/15/93 13:44 29.77
189 01/15/93 15:44 29.77
190 01/15/93 17:44 29.77
191 01/15/93 19:44 26.42
192 01/15/93 21:44 24.80
193 01/15193 23:44 26.42
194 01/16/93 01:44 29.77
195 01/16/93 03:44 29.77
196 01/16/93 05:44 29.77
197 01/16/93 07:44 29.77
198 01/16193 09:44 29.77
199 01/16/93 11:44 26.42
200 01/19/93 21:21 81.97
201 01/19/93 22:21 68.90
202 01/19/93 23:21 61.46
203 01/20/93 00:21 72.62
204 01/20/93 01:21 105.29
205 01/20/93 02:21 124.60
206 01/20/93 03:21 139.09
207 01/20/93 04:21 151.08
208 01/20/93 05:21 160.30
209 01/20/93 06:21 169.71
210 01/20/93 07:21 176.09
pH
7.09
7.13
7.12
7.14
7.08
7.07
7.09
7.12
7.10
7.04
7.05
7.04
7.13
7.13
7.24
7.22
7.21
7.12
7.09
7.13
7.16
7.18
7.16
7.20
7.14
7.24
7.11
7.04
7.08
7.03
7.02
7.05
7.07
7.05
7.16
6.80
6.87
6.90
6.94
6.97
6.98
6.98
7.01
7.03
7.02
7.01
6.95
6.98
7.02
7.05
6.92,
6.95
6.97
7.01
6.98
6.95
7.03
7.02
7.02
7.13
7.18
7.21
7.18
7.10
7.12
6.86
7.08
6.97
7.03
7.19
Na
µM
430.7
434.0
431.8
436.5
431.1
435.0
439.2
436.6
438.9
440.2
438.6
438.9
438.9
436.4
436.5
441.0
467.1
434.4
434.3
416.8
413.9
413.6
406.0
401.3
397.6
386.8
398.1
400.2
403.1
405.4
408.2
413.3
419.6
417.7
416.0
421.7
424.0
424.4
424.7
427.6
432.5
433.4
436.4
436.9
437.3
434.3
437.5
436.1
434.4
432.6
429.5
432.5
436.1
435.7
440.1
441.4
439.0
436.5
441.2
409.0
403.4
381.8
364.4
342.5
329.6
328.9
323.9
322.5
324.6
323.0
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
20.7
20.2
20.9
20.2
20.4
20.8
20.5
20.5
20.7
20.7
20.4
20.0
21.3
21.2
21.5
21.6
21.1
20.8
20.9
20.8
20.4
20.7
20.2
20.3
20.1
20.3
20.7
20.7
21.1
20.9
20.8
21.0
21.6
21.5
20.8
21.7
22.6
22.2
21.8
20.8
20.9
20.9
20.8
21.2
23.4
21.2
21.5
23.7
23.0
22.6
22.4
20.7
21.2
22.4
20.9
21.5
22.6
20.8
20.9
19.6
19.7
19.7
20.3
20.3
20.7
22.2
21.4
22.6
22.6
22.0
Mg
µM
88.4
88.2
87.7
88.1
88.4
87.3
88.4
88.2
89.0
89.4
88.6
88.9
88.3
88.4
89.0
88.7
95.7
93.6
92.5
89.1
87.5
85.7
82.7
82.3
79.5
79.5
78.4
78.4
79.0
79.6
78.9
80.2
80.6
80.9
81.0
82.0
82.3
83.3
83.8
85.7
85.9
86.3
86.3
86.9
87.6
87.6
88.3
87.2
83.0
88.3
87.8
88.0
88.6
88.5
89.2
88.6
89.4
88.8
89.2
86.8
84.3
80.4
75.5
69.1
65.9
63.8
63.7
61.4
62.8
63.6
130
Ca
µM
131.4
131.3
131.1
132.1
132.3
131.0
132.3
133.4
133.5
133.6
133.3
134.1
132.5
131.8
132.5
132.6
143.1
141.8
136.7
131.9
129.7
125.1
120.7
121.0
120.2
119.1
118.2
117.4
118.1
119.0
119.0
119.3
121.8
122.0
121.7
123.8
124.9
126.1
127.0
127.7
128.8
130.0
130.6
131.6
133.4
131.5
133.9
131.5
124.2
132.2
133.0
132.7
133.7
133.9
134.9
134.6
135.2
137.2
135.1
127.2
126.0
120.0
113.4
103.6
100.8
97.0
97.6
95.3
98.3
99.5
CI
µM
296.2
297.1
297.7
297.1
303.2
297.6
301.2
302.0
306:6
307.0
302.1
310.1
301.3
301.8
302.1
294.3
340.2
310.7
295.6
287.6
272.7
268.1
261.9
261.9
256.6
257.5
254.1
257.6
259.9
265.6
261.1
261.7
273.5
265.8
272.4
269.9
276.0
286.3
282.9
286.0
290.9
294.3
296.0
294.4
304.7
302.4
304.7
292.5
292.7
298.7
297.5
292.8
301.4
296.0
296.2
296.4
297.4
301.3
303.6
276.6
258.6
243.3
215.2
195.1
190.4
194.0
189.9
190.1
191.2
187.6
NO3
µM
6.15
6.33
5.96
4.03
5.69
5.26
4.98
5.07
3.80
6.62
4.44
4.35
6.45
5.35
4.62
6.22
7.38
2.54
2.47
4.94
3.29
4.33
7.22
3.77
3.79
3.61
4.30
6.85
6.68
7.66
9.74
9.66
11.65
9.68
8.44
4.67
6.71
5.67
6.88
4.69
6.24
8.52
7.22
8.49
9.60
8.40
8.60
8.26
8.85
8.46
7.40
5.51
7.59
7.89
6.92
6.79
7.97
7.33
8.06
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.00
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.63
0.53
0.45
0.67
0.47
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.67
0.00
0.75
0.50
0.00
0.00
2.22
0.00
0.00
0.79
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.51
0.00
0.52
0.00
0.78
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.96
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.45
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.72
0.65
SO4
µM
60.9
60.6
61.2
61.5
61.6
61.0
60.9
61.8
61.7
61.3
61.3
61.1
60.4
59.7
59.8
59.7
66.2
61.8
62.0
60.4
61.1
59.0
59.1
57.6
56.6
57.1
56.7
56.9
57.5
56.7
57.4
57.7
58.1
58.4
58.4
56.5
57.1
57.5
57.8
57.8
58.5
59.5
59.4
61.1
59.2
60.0
59.6
59.9
61.0
60.9
60.4
60.3
61.0
61.3
61.6
61.2
61.0
60.9
61.1
57.6
56.4
55.2
49.4
46.8
44.9
45.7
45.3
42.7
44.7
43.3
HCO3
µM
467.0
468.5
464.3
473.0
460.8
467.3
473.2
469.7
470.6
470.8
473.7
468.3
473.5
471.5
474.7
485.3
485.9
489.1
491.5
466.2
470.6
465.3
445.8
447.2
443.5
428.9
440.3
434.2
436.8
436.8
439.3
446.7
444.5
452.6
444.6
467.4
464.1
458.5
462.8
468.8
468.8
465.2
469.0
470.1
470.0
462.8
470.7
476.6
448.3
467.3
467.8
475,5
470.9
476.4
482.7
483.7
483.2
479.1
476.8
464.8
472.2
448.1
448.6
418.7
403.6
387.3
387.3
383.0
388.7
397.1
Si
µM
218.0
225.2
231.0
234.1
228.7
228.0
233.7
233.4
234.4
235.3
233.8
239.2
236.0
232.2
228.3
230.0
244.0
225.6
222.7
216.2
209.7
204.0
204.9
201.9
197.7
200.1
199.5
200.4
203.5
207.3
203.4
208.9
206.6
213.9
211.8
223.3
229.4
228.3
237.1
237.1
235.0
239.7
239.2
234.9
261.1
252.8
243.1
238.5
237.4
237.1
236.5
241.5
236.0
241.6
234.0
242.6
246.4
239.6
240.2
212.8
208.4
194.7
181.0
171.7
144.5
182.8
163.9
162.5
184.0
165.9
Caspar Creek - Watershed KJE
#
DATE
211 01/20/93
212 01/20/93
213 01/20/93
214 01/20/93
215 01/20/93
216 01/20/93
217 01/20/93
218 01/20/93
219 01/20/93
220 01/21/93
221 01/21/93
222 01/21/93
223 01/21/93
224 02/17/93
225 03/03/93
226 03/24/93
227 04/07/93
228 04/28/93
229 05/12/93
230 05/24/93
231 05/27/93
232 06/09/93
233 07/01/93
234 07/22/93
235 08/10/93
236 09/07/93
237 10/20/93
238 12/01/93
239 12/29/93
240 01/23/94
241 01/23/94
242 01/23/94
243 01/23/94
244 01/23/94
245 01/23/94
246 01/23/94
247 01/23/94
248 01/23/94
249 01/23/94
250 01/23/94
251 01/23/94
252 01/23/94
253 01/23/94
254 01/23/94
255 01/23/94
256 01/23/94
257 01/23/94
258 01/24/94
259 01/24/94
260 01/24/94
261 01/24/94
262 01/24/94
263 01/24/94
264 02/02/94
265 02/17/94
266 02/17/94
267 02/17/94
268 02/17/94
269 02/17/94
270 02/17/94
271 02/17/94
272 02/17/94
273 02/17/94
274 02/17/94
275 02/17/94
276 02/17/94
277 02/17/94
278 02/18/94
279 02/18/94
280 02/18/94
TIME Streamflow
L/s
08:21 179.31
09:21 166.55
10:21 166.55
11:21 216.09
12:21 266.31
13:21 273.78
16:21 172.89
19:21 118.97
22:21
82.21
01:21
74.98
04:21
59.04
07:21
54.74
10:21
44.51
11:10
7.93
10:30
8.47
10:55
11.97
10:15
9.59
08:10
11.97
11:15
4.52
11:15
4.52
11:15
15.88
09:20
8.47
12:40
3.67
14:00
3.27
08:15
2.89
10:30
2.18
10:19
2.53
09:51
0.53
10:15
2.89
04:19 33.25
05:19 36.88
06:19 40.63
07:19 79.78
08:19 79.78
09:19 74.98
10:19 36.88
12:19 36.88
13:19 33.25
14:18 33.25
15:19 33.25
16:19 33.25
17:18 33.25
18:19 33.25
19:19 33.25
20:18 33.25
21:19 33.25
22:19 33.25
00:19 33.25
01:19 33.25
02:19 33.25
03:19 33.25
04:19 33.25
05:19 33.25
10:16 7.40
03:23 36.88
04:23 36.88
05:23 40.63
06:23 50.56
07:23 54.74
08:28 54.74
11:00 59.04
13:00 59.04
15:00 74.98
17:00 72.62
19:00 74.98
21:00 74.98
23:00 67.98
01:00 63.46
03:00 59.04
05:00 54.74
pH
6.88
7.23
7.23
7.19
7.24
7.16
7.16
7.23
7.26
7.23
7.28
7.28
7.26
7.42
7.45
7.53
7.59
7.06
6.94
7.06
7.25
7.29
7.21
7.35
7.09
7.58
7.44
7.24
7.30
6.60
6.70
6.80
6.90
6.80
6.90
6.90
6.80
6.90
6.90
6.90
6.90
7.00
7.00
7.10
6.90
6.60
6.70
6.70
6.80
6.80
6.90
6.90
6.90
7.50
7.20
7.14
7.10
7.16
7.07
6.96
7.07
7.13
7.14
7.07
7.01
7.01
7.18
7.11
7.03
7.22
Na
µM
324.6
327.7
330.6
315.9
303.9
302.5
317.6
336.3
353.5
368.6
371.9
379.8
382.6
470.4
522.0
517.6
539.4
492.0
564.3
598.8
534.9
541.4
601.6
637.6
649.0
689.0
764.2
646.0
542.5
462.3
433.0
427.2
423.4
422.9
424.6
425.1
420.3
426.5
425.7
425.2
426.4
425.0
426.8
425.6
425.9
424.4
424.2
425.8
429.3
426.5
427.5
424.6
427.1
501.3
445.1
393.0
429.7
388.6
380.5
372.8
392.2
390.2
365.4
390.7
393.6
396.5
399.2
461.0
470.3
438.5
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.36
2.97
0.00
3.20
3.54
0.00
3.53
0.85
1.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
22.9
23.2
25.0
23.3
24.0
24.5
23.4
22.9
22.9
22.4
22.1
21.4
21.5
21.1
23.0
23.0
23.0
22.4
23.1
23.3
22.6
22.6
24.6
25.8
24.8
26.1
23.3
23.8
21.3
22.9
22.2
22.1
21.6
21.3
21.1
21.0
20.9
20.6
20.5
20.4
20.5
21.6
20.4
20.7
20.5
20.4
20.5
20.4
20.5
20.4
20.4
20.5
20.7
21.1
21.7
21.8
21.4
20.8
20.1
21.5
20.5
22.7
20.3
22.1
22.0
24.4
21.9
22.0
22.7
22.4
Mg
µM
63.2
64.4
63.8
62.3
59.5
57.7
61.9
65.5
69.8
72.4
74.0
75.0
75.8
104.4
111.1
115.2
115.2
113.1
120.2
135.3
126.5
120.8
130.5
142.1
148.0
158.8
182.6
176.8
139.3
101.1
93.1
101.3
96.3
91.0
90.1
90.3
90.7
90.4
91.0
91.6
92.0
90.5
93.1
90.0
93.3
98.1
91.4
91.4
90.9
90.6
90.7
91.5
90.6
122.2
108.8
95.8
97.6
91.3
89.2
84.8
88.9
91.9
81.9
86.1
85.3
84.6
85.6
97.5
99.5
92.0
131
Ca
µM
98.9
100.7
101.1
97.4
93.6
93.5
97.7
104.7
110.3
115.0
116.9
118.3
119.3
159.9
164.7
172.2
172.2
187.1
198.9
220.4
206.8
199.2
214.3
232.4
241.5
257.1
277.7
267.7
202.7
163.0
152.4
182.7
159.5
149.7
147.0
150.3
147.5
148.1
149.0
148.4
152.1
148.2
155.8
146.8
156.5
164.1
149.8
149.6
149.3
149.0
149.7
149.9
150.0
198.5
157.6
147.3
149.6
142.6
139.8
138.5
137.2
145.1
129.2
136.3
139.0
133.4
133.9
140.0
142.2
139.3
CI
µM
197.3
201.0
199.5
191.7
179.0
184.1
201.8
217.3
232.4
251.1
252.4
257.6
258.2
331.1
348.0
330.0
353.0
349.3
430.3
430.1
333.4
369.3
470.0
543.9
522.5
623.8
626.1
659.9
459.7
288.5
257.8
261.1
252.7
250.8
254.1
254.2
249.8
254.6
258.3
257.2
258.4
260.9
255.0
257.6
261.1
264.5
259.0
263.8
258.5
267.5
264.8
275.4
266.2
345.9
255.0
237.1
240.7
238.2
225.1
215.7
213.0
234.1
208.5
213.6
257.0
229.0
217.7
233.2
246.0
257.2
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.58
2.04
2.60
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.97
3.70
4.60
4.35
4.01
4.19
4.02
7.08
3.35
4.23
4.09
2.75
3.93
4.36
3.44
4.91
5.44
4.45
4.29
4.18
3.66
8.00
4.20
4.35
1.67
2.11
2.27
3.78
4.28
3.75
4.61
4.26
5.93
3.81
3.37
5.71
4.09
4.06
2.82
3.21
3.58
PO4 SO4
µM
µM
0.00 44.4
0.00 45.2
0.00 44.5
0.00 42.5
0.00 41.6
0.00 40.9
0.00 42.8
0.00 47.6
0.71 47.2
0.00 48.3
0.00 50.5
0.00 51.8
0.00 51.9
0.00 70.9
0.00 75.0
0.00 72.0
0.00 75.0
0.00 72.7
0.00 76.2
0.00 77.1
0.00 68.4
0.00 75.0
0.00 79.2
0.00 80.7
0.00 80.1
0.00 84.6
0.00 93.7
1.30 103.0
0.55 94.2
1.13 60.3
0.00 57.1
0.00 56.6
0.00 57.3
0.00 58.4
0.00 56.1
0,00 58.6
0.00 58.7
0.00 65.4
0.00 60.9
0.00 59.8
0.00 58.7
0.00 61.5
0.00 57.1
0.00 59.3
0.00 60.5
0.00 60.6
0.00 61.0
0.00 63.9
0.00 60.5
0.00 62.4
0.00 64.3
0.00 62.3
0.00 61.7
0.00 78.1
0.00 67.5
0.00 62.0
0.00 63.9
0.00 58.6
0.00 60.6
0.00 56.0
0.00 59.5
0.00 59.3
0.00 58.9
0.00 57.71
0.00 64.3
0.00 57.7
0.00 58.6
0.00 66.2
0.00 68.0
0.00 64.6
HCO3
µM
385.7
389.7
397.0
382.1
371.9
363.3
372.9
387.0
409.8
417.6
421.7
424.7
429.7
546.8
598.5
641.3
634.1
620.1
642.9
749.1
754.0
684.8
687.2
707.1
770.0
753.7
894.7
692.9
599.7
601.4
570.7
638.4
584.9
554.1
549.2
551.9
543.5
535.3
541.8
544.6
556.7
536.0
571.4
540:0
559.2
578.2
541.7
532.3
546.5
530.2
527.3
523.7
535.2
660.1
607.4
537.5
573.2
517.7
508.5
508.5
528.5
528.2
478.0
525.2
473.0
508.3
521.3
589.5
591.2
533.6
Si
µM
165.4
164.8
171.3
159.6
151.9
152.2
162.2
175.9
186.9
197.9
202.1
209.2
254.3
269.5
260.7
260.4
259.8
266.4
268.9
283.1
265.1
277.4
286.2
295.6
291.6
289.9
270.1
282.2
283.3
215.6
212.1
210.1
209.5
215.7
214.9
214.2
217.3
214.9
219.9
216.0
221.2
220.7
223.8
222.1
225.7
227.3
225.4
224.1
220.5
221.0
223.8
224.6
224.6
279.1
207.3
196.4
197.3
185.4
186.2
186.1
190.4
198.5
191.7
194.0
201.0
195.0
192.9
209.1
213.5
213.5
Caspar Creek - Watershed KJE
#
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
DATE
TIME Streamflow
L/s
02/18/94 07:00
50.56
02/18/94 09:00
50.56
02/18/94 13:00
44.51
02/18/94 16:00
44.51
02/18/94 19:00
40.63
02/18/94 22:00
36.88
02/19/94 01:00
33.25
02/19/94 04:00
21.67
03/16/94 10:00
3.67
04/13/94 10:10
2.89
05/18/94 08:57
3.67
06/29/94 09:15
2.89
10/05/94 10:06
2.18
11/02/94 10:30
1.54
12/06/94 09:50
3.67
01/03/95 10:26
8.47
01/14/95 15:45
40.82
01/14/95 16:45
36.69
01/14/95 17:45
36.69
01/14/95 , 19:45
34.69
01/14/95 20:45
32.72
01/14/95 21:45
32.72
01/14/95 22:45
32.72
01/14/95 23:45
32.72
01/15/95 00:45
28.92
01/15/95 01:45
28.92
01/15/95 02:45
28.92
01/15/95 03:45
28.92
01/15/95 05:45
28.92
01/15/95 07:45
25.28
01/15/95 09:45
25.28
01/15/95 11:45
25.28
01/15/95 13:45
25.28
01/26/95 09:24
18.41
01/26/95 10:24
21.82
01/26/95 11:24
25.28
01/26/95 12:24
32.72
01/26/95 13:24
36.69
01/26/95 14:24
40.82
01/26/95 15:24
45.10
01/26/95 16:24
49.53
01/26/95 17:24
49.53
01/26/95 18:24
49.53
01/26/95 19:24
49.53
01/26/95 20:24
49.53
01/26/95 21:24
45.10
01/26/95 22:24
45.10
01/26t95 23:24
40.82
01/27/95 00:24
36.88
01/27/95 01:24
40.82
01/27/95 02:24
36.69
01/27/95 03:24
36.69
01/27/95 04:24
32.72
01/27/95 05:24
32.72
01/27/95 06:24
32.72
01/27/95 07:24
28.92
01/27/95 08:24
28.92
01/30/95 06:57
35.41
01/30/95 07:57
40.82
01/30/95 08:57
45.10
01/30/95 09:57
49.53
01/30/95 10:57
54.11
01/30/95 11:57
58.83
01/30/95 12:57
58.83
01/30/95 13:57
58.83
01/30/95 14:57
57.31
01/30/95 15:57
54.11
01/30/95 16:57
54.11
01/30/95 17:57
49.53
01/30/95 18:57
49.53
pH
7.05
7.07
7.06
7.06
6.98
7.07
7.04
7.06
6.51
7.73
7.38
7.67
7.18
7.58
7.49
7.14
6.97
7.08
7.05
7.05
7.10
7.03
7.10
6.90
7.09
7.10
7.20
7.11
7.10
7.05
7.07
6.94
6.78
6.83
6.73
6.75
6.80
6.80
6.79
6.79
6.83
6.82
6.90
6.97
6.92
6.91
6.96
6.97
6.92
6.86
6.91
6.86
6.85
6.82
6.88
6.87
6.87
6.86
6.87
6.89
6.87
6.88
6.89
7.24
7.18
7.14
7.09
7.06
7.06
7.02
Na
µM
400.1
363.0
386.0
386.0
394.6
401.7
391.4
383.7
537.9
595.4
555.7
579.9
748.5
781.3
541.1
477.6
313.0
308.7
318.1
325.8
322.8
331.6
348.1
326.1
350.4
342.5
341.1
350.7
330.3
345.9
345.1
339.1
353.7
336.0
330.6
318.1
314.5
312.1
314.3
321.7
313.7
326.9
319.1
322.1
313.4
315.7
316.7
312.0
314.8
321.0
324.1
318.9
319.0
320.9
326.2
323.4
322.3
317.4
303.0
311.6
363.8
364.1
346.3
371.5
361.1
363.0
383.8
371.4
395.6
357.6
NH4
µM
0.00
2.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.30
6.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.35
0.00
0.83
1.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
K
µM
22.0
20.6
20.0
20.3
20.0
20.7
19.6
20.1
24.5
24.5
24.4
24.3
25.8
23.3
23.3
21.7
21.2
21.8
22.2
22.3
22.7
21.7
23.3
21.8
21.7
21.7
20.7
22.6
20.4
21.0
21.3
21.8
22.6
19.1
18.4
18.4
18.3
21.9
18.4
18.5
18.4
18.6
18.5
19.3
18.5
18.6
18.4
19.2
18.3
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.6
18.4
18.6
18.4
18.6
18.3
18.4
18.3
17.8
17.7
17.8
19.2
18.5
17.9
17.9
18.3
18.0
17.9
Mg
µM
85.8
85.3
82.6
82.9
84.8
91.9
86.9
86.0
131.1
148.9
142.8
162.6
215.7
243.3
146.9
119.7
63.1
63.6
63.5
65.1
66.2
66.7
67.9
67.4
68.7
69.1
68.6
69.9
71.9
70.3
72.3
73.0
71.7
110.4
110.3
108.1
106.8
107.6
108.9
107.7
106.3
105.6
106.6
109.1
104.5
104.5
104.8
104.3
104.9
104.9
104.2
106.0
105.1
104.3
104.8
108.0
104.6
108.3
106.8
105.9
74.2
73.3
73.1
72.6
71.4
72.6
73.8
72.6
72.4
74.2
132
Ca
µM
150.4
151.5
136.8
139.2
140.0
155.5
143.5
141.2
200.6
226.1
220.5
247.9
355.9
384.7
240.8
178.2
111.6
119.4
115.0
115.2
116.9
117.7
122.3
118.1
121.2
120.8
120.8
123.9
127.0
123.5
125.9
128.2
122.4
122.6
122.0
119.5
120.0
117.5
119.3
120.8
118.6
120.9
120.3
118.1
114.6
114.2
117.4
115.4
114.9
123.2
120.8
124.6
117.8
119.9
121.2
122.8
122.2
118.3
117.4
115.4
126.3
124.9
125.6
122.0
122.3
126.2
125.6
124.1
124.3
128.5
CI
µM
233.7
233.4
231.0
239.8
258.9
256.1
248.8
244.4
374.8
468.0
408.3
500.8
622.0
614.6
505.5
370.3
178.9
177.0
183.5
184.7
186.4
186.4
203.0
194.1
198.0
201.4
205.7
204.2
208.8
210.7
208.1
215.1
222.4
250.4
240.6
224.7
218.7
219.0
213.9
215.8
208.9
208.6
205.0
213.4
207.1
206.2
208.4
215.4
216.2
212.0
220.6
219.2
220.7
219.3
224.6
226.3
224.4
215.5
197.3
204.7
202.4
204.0
199.0
198.4
200.7
206.7
201.1
214.2
210.0
210.9
NO3
µM
3.66
3.79
2.76
3.47
3.17
4.11
4.16
3.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.75
0.00
0.82
0.62
0.78
1.96
1.76
0.00
1.65
1.19
1.49
0.00
0.00
1.13
0.75
1.63
0.00
2.23
3.17
1.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.00
0.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.85
0.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
59.9
58.5
60.9
57.5
61.7
60.8
62.5
62.2
82.9
87.0
86.3
88.6
96.4
113.2
94.4
88.2
42.2
41.6
42.8
44.4
46.5
48.2
46.3
48.2
49.7
49.1
48.0
48.0
49.2
51.1
51.2
52.1
53.0
60.2
60.3
58.6
56.6
56.0
57.3
56.9
56.8
56.4
55.7
56.2
55.9
55.4
55,6
56.2
56.1
56.2
56.9
56.4
56.2
56.5
66.9
56.5
57.3
56.4
54.9
54.1
54.2
53.2
55.8
53.2
53.5
54.0
55.0
55.1
55.3
55.7
HCO3
µM
537.4
502.9
489.0
492.3
478.4
535.4
493.8
486.2
685.2
728.0
725.8
747.2
802.7
819.1
645.5
547.7
419.8
435.6
426.3
433.3
432.2
437.5
455.1
426.9
454.5
444.3
438.0
459.9
439.5
441.6
450.1
440.8
434.8
450.4
452.3
449.8
454.4
453.1
460.6
467.6
459.3
477.3
474.8
470.1
451.2
454.6
459.9
442.8
444.3
471.2
458.1
466.6
450.3
455.5
458.3
464.1
455.4
460.0
462.5
458.7
471.7
467.9
450.8
475.2
459.2
463.8
489.4
458.7
486.2
458.7
Si
µM
211.5
209.9
213.8
210.9
213.1
220.6
224.1
249.9
264.4
277.6
270.4
263.0
282.0
266.9
264.4
253.1
159.2
156.7
155.1
158.7
179.3
166.5
164.9
171.3
174.8
178.2
176.4
174.6
180.4
184.3
188.1
187.1
190.3
258.9
237.4
223.7
215.3
216.1
217.6
221.2
218.0
217.6
264.0
220.1
220.9
219.4
223.5
219.4
221.9
225.2
226.3
227.4
229.7
232.4
230.4
235.0
235.0
225.8
219.7
219.0
222.7
220.9
219.6
220.8
233.9
219.4
237.7
236.3
223.9
226.0
Caspar Creek - Watershed KJE
#
DATE
351 01/30195
352 01/30/95
353 01/30/95
354 01/30/95
355 01/30/95
356 01/31/95
357 01/31/95
358 01/31/95
359 01/31/95
360 01/31/95
361 01/31195
362 02/01/95
363 02/07/95
364 02/20/95
365 03101/95
366 03/08/95
367 03/08/95
368 03/08/95
369 03/08/95
370 03/09/95
371 03109/95
372 03/09/95
373 03/09/95
374 03/09/95
375 03/09/95
376 03/09/95
377 03/09/95
378 03/09/95
379 03/09/95
380 03/09/95
381 03/09/95
382 03/09/95
383 03/09/95
384 03109/95
385 03/09/95
386 03/09/95
387 03/09/95
388 03/09/95
389 03/10/95
390 03/11/95
391 03113/95
392 03114/95
393 03114/95
394 03/14/95
395 03/14/95
396 03/14/95
397 03/14/95
398 03114/95
399 03/14/95
400 03/14/95
401 03/14/95
402 03/14/95
403 03/15/95
404 03/15/95
405 03/15/95
406 03/20/95
407 04/05/95
408 05/05/95
409 06/05/95
410 12/05/95
411 12/12/95
412 12/12/95
413 12/12/95
414 12/12/95
415 12/12/95
416 12/12/95
417 12/12/95
418 12/12/95
419 12/12/95
420 12/12/95
TIME Streamflow
L/s
19:57
45.10
20:57
45.10
21:57
40.82
22:57
36.88
23:57
42.17
00:57
40.82
01:57
40.82
02:57
36.69
03:57
36.69
04:57
36.69
05:57
32.72
11:11
22.44
18:45
5.24
14:48
5.90
10:08
4.96
20:24
26.42
21:17
31.49
22:17
45.10
23:17
58.83
00:17
94.01
01:17 113.43
02:17 119.81
03:17 119.81
04:17 126.02
05:17 130.33
06:17 127.17
07:17 130.33
08:17 130.33
09:17
74.74
10:16
80.50
11:16
85.67
12:17
91.46
14:11 107.71
14:12 107.71
16:13
89.93
18:13
74.03
20:13
58.83
22:13
52.64
00:13
49.53
17:15
36.69
23:58 100.52
01:58
95.82
03:58
90.19
05:58 106.36
07:58 164.35
09:58 232.18
13:58 173.85
15:58 145.34
17:58 119.81
19:58 101.57
21:58
85.67
23:58
74.03
01:58
63.91
03:58
63.91
05:58
54.11
08:28
50.56
09:17
5.90
09:30
11.97
07:45
5.42
12.00
8.47
00:53 107.98
01:53 124.60
02:53 106.10
03:53 114.25
04:53
89.93
05:53
68.67
06:53
59.70
07:53
54.96
08:53
53.90
09.53
51.18
pH
7.01
6.97
6.98
6.96
6.95
6.95
6.93
6.94
6.91
6.90
6.76
6.66
6.49
6.56
6.93
7.21
6.87
7.10
7.10
7.14
7.15
7.13
7.21
7.11
7.12
6.75
7.01
6.98
7.08
6.91
7.08
7.12
6.94
6.90
6.79
6.97
6.92
6.77
7.20
6.82
6.91
6.81
6.85
6.89
6.88
6.99
6.60
7.11
7.01
7.04
7.03
7.11
7.13
7.10
7.13
7.15
6.96
7.10
7.47
7.45
6.86
7.081
7.10
7.07
7.13
7.14
7.13
7.19
7.20
7.23
Na
µM
374.3
369.6
375.7
374.7
366.3
369.3
372.3
371.5
373.5
378.1
411.6
368.7
317.2
438.8
476.1
344.9
402.7
382.6
350.0
373.3
380.0
371.7
368.0
371.2
366.0
369.3
373.3
358.3
365.9
366.6
377.5
371.7
369.8
358.3
368.4
382.8
399.8
380.6
389.9
427.0
440.5
334.8
343.6
331.5
299.7
282.2
225.0
292.5
304.2
321.0
321.9
325.2
336.6
329.1
334.8
345.4
441.2
431.4
520.4
779.6
500.9
523.5
464.3
480.9
479.1
485.2
489.6
491.3
490.0
515.7
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.92
0.92
1.91
1.99
0.36
0.60
0.001
0.59
0.66
0.00
0.00
2.99
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
17.6
18.0
18.3
18.3
18.3
17.9
18.1
18.4
18.2
20.3
20.7
19.2
21.2
21.5
22.3
19.9
19.5
18.9
19.6
19.7
20.5
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.4
19.5
20.0
20.3
20.3
20.4
20.3
19.4
21.0
19.7
18.7
18.6
19.4
21.8
21.8
22.2
22.2
20.4
20.2
20.0
20.2
21.1
17.9
20.1
21.1
21.0
21.1
21.1
21.3
20.6
21.2
20.4
21.6
19.9
22.0
29.9
23.0
23.2
24.6
24.3
24.6
23.5
23.5
23.0
22.8
23.0
Mg
µM
74.2
75.8
75.9
74.9
74.1
74.9
76.1
75.6
75.9
77.2
90.6
93.7
62.5
110.3
144.0
76.0
88.6
86.0
69.4
76.4
76.0
73.4
73.1
70.9
72.9
75.7
74.0
72.5
71.6
70.6
72.3
80.7
76.0
68.7
71.9
76.0
78.2
74.1
81.7
90.6
90.3
73.9
78.3
75.8
73.2
65.2
65.0
63.0
67.5
69.5
72.5
72.6
75.2
73.4
76.4
76.9
122.9
100.6
123.5
112.8
114.8
128.4
109.5
109.9
109.5
110.7
110.3
111.1
109.9
105.8
133
Ca
µM
127.0
126.9
129.7
128.1
125.9
128.4
133.9
129.3
129.0
137.2
158.0
170.0
108.8
176.0
163.2
127.2
141.1
136.8
117.2
125.3
125.2
123.0
121.8
121.0
120.4
121.8
120.0
121.2
120.2
114.0
120.1
137.7
119.7
117.5
120.7
124.4
128.1
126.4
164.5
153.6
148.2
122.7
126.7
122.3
113.7
108.2
86.5
106.9
112.9
117.6
126.0
123.4
124.2
121.8
122.4
128.4
173.4
156.3
192.4
311.2
173.6
190.8
165.6
166.6
158.4
166.8
167.1
168.6
166.3
166.61
CI
µM
208.8
220.1
213.6
220.5
221.2
215.3
219.3
227.3
225.6
228.2
222.3
238.6
184.5
354.2
359.6
179.1
198.2
191.7
183.1
166.1
152.9
163.9
165.9
163.2
163.2
168.2
172.1
167.7
168.6
163.7
184.8
173.4
176.9
179.0
174.3
162.4
200.9
207.5
208.4
221.0
183.9
187.8
184.8
182.3
161.4
146.6
149.4
152.6
165.0
166.3
173.6
177.0
195.0
183.9
190.8
211.0
331.6
301.5
423.1
670.4
323.0
385.6
320.7
321.1
317.6
326.2
330 6
323.1
318.8
314.2
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.06
0.00
0.00
0.47
0.00
1.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.69
3.81
13.93
16.96
22.75
12.43
6.42
15.91
9.61
5.12
5.02
25.33
12.25
13.33
10.35
13.43
11.39
14.78
20.75
23.25
12.96
19.93
26.23
1.08
0.94
2.26
2.47
3.25
2.41
1.29
3.73
10.12
7.90
8.31
3.64
3.56
2.98
4.16
5.84
2.38
3.17
0.00
3.57
0.00
0.00
18.87
24.32
19.29
22.06
18.34
20.18
15.40
22.57
16.22
19.97
PO4 SO4
µM
µM
0.00 54.1
0.00 55.0
0.00 55.0
0.00 55.4
0.00 54.7
0.00 54.7
0.00 56.2
0.00 56.1
0.00 56.0
0.00 56.5
0.00 60.6
0.00 59.0
0.00 44.4
0.00 74.2
0.00 87.1
0.00 45.9
0.00 48.5
0.00 51.9
0.00 51.3
0.00 46,8
0.00 43.2
0.00 51.7
0.00 45.6
0.00 45.1
0.00 43.6
0.00 44.7
0.00 46.1
0.00 45.3
0.00 45.4
0.00 44.4
0.00 49.0
0.00 46.5
0.00 46.0
0.00 45.1
0.00 48.5
0.00 44.8
0.00 48.8
0.00 50.8
0.00 51.0
0.00 56.4
0.00 46.1
0.00 49.2
0.00 49.8
0.00 46.9
0.00 43.6
0.00 40.3
0.00 40.5
0.00 40.8
0.00 42.0
0.00 61.4
0.00 70.9
0.00 46.0
0.00 49.0
0.00 47.5
0.00 49.0
0.00 53.0
0.00 65.8
0.00 69.1
0.00 57.7
0.00 100.7
0.00 67.7
0.00 67.0
0.00 54.6
0.00 57.0
0.00 58.6
0.00 59.9
0.00 62.3
0.00 62.1
0.00 62.3
0.00 63.6
HCO3
µM
477.7
462.7
481.5
467.5
454.1
469.3
477.7
460.1
464.0
485.4
586.0
557.7
407.7
530.3
579.1
499.7
582.7
537.7
440.2
513.8
551.2
510.2
504.5
511.7
516.5
.521.2
491.7
505.4
497.2
493.5
486.3
550.0
498.4
460.6
447.5
547.3
513.6
468.0
592.6
603.0
661.6
459.6
486.2
469.1
443.8
419.2
305.2
410.3
428.8
423.5
420.9
466.4
459.6
455.3
462.4
456.2
592.3
522.1
635.7
785.8
623.4
641.1
589.8
600.9
586.3
597.7
597.2
603.8
605.5
622.1
Si
µM
228.0
234.2
242.1
231.9
236.6
231.8
237.3
238.0
240.9
245.8
238.1
240.9
180.3
260.7
273.7
190.2
202.7
195.7
190.0
182.5
180.4
184.1
188.0
182.5
182.3
199.8
190.5
191.9
298.0
191.5
197.6
198.3
205.4
209.5
214.4
220.9
224.8
232.2
213.2
243.1
207.3
209.3
220.0
202.8
185.2
173.5
137.0
181.4
192.2
197.4
202.3
208.9
211.5
215.1
216.2
230.4
265.0
270.3
280.2
270.8
218.5
195.7
181.1
189.3
190.0
198.9
202.1
237.7
203.9
206.8
Caspar Creek - Watershed KJE
#
DATE
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/25/96
01/25/96
01/25/96
01/25/96
01/25/96
01/25196
01/25/96
01/25/96
01/25/96
01/25/96
01/25/96
01/25/96
01/25/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
TIME Streamflow
L/s
10:53 49.74
11:53 41.39
12:53 32.55
13:53 25.12
14:53 24.80
15:53 21.82
16:53 57.53
17:53 19.28
18:53 18.12
19:53 16.99
20:53 16.71
21:53 16.85
22:53 15.33
23:53 14.27
12:00
4.52
08:02 61.24
09:24 56.88
10:24 54.74
11:24 52.64
12:24 48.51
13:24 46.49
14:24 44.51
15:24 44.51
16:24 42.55
17:24 40.63
18:24 40.63
19:24 38.74
20:24 36.88
00:02 33.25
01:02 31.49
02:02 31.49
03:02 29.77
04:02 29.77
05:02 28.08
06:02 28.08
07:02 26.42
13:40 97.38
14:40 84.68
15:40 77.36
16:40 70.29
17:40 65.71
18:40 59.04
19:40 54.74
20:40 52.64
21:40 48.51
22:40 46.49
23:40 42.55
00:40 40.63
01:40 38.74
02:40 38.74
03:40 38.74
04:40 36.88
05:40 35.05
06:40 35.05
07:40 33.25
08:40 33.25
09:40 31.49
10:40 31.49
11:40 29.77
12:40 29.77
00:20 31.49
01:20 31.49
02:20 33.25
03:20 33.25
04:20 35.05
05:20 35.05
06:20 35.05
07:20 35.05
08:20 35.05
09:21 35.05
pH
7.27
7.28
7.21
7.18
7.15
7.20
7.33
7.28
7.26
7.34
7.29
7.09
7.28
7.16
7.38
7.29
7.37
7.38
7.40
7.41
7.41
7.01
7.51
7.50
7.46
7.43
7.37
7.38
7.39
7.40
7.38
7.36
7.44
7.45
7.49
7.46
7.25
7.20
7.16
7.24
7.25
7.24
7.23
7.22
7.22
7.31
7.31
7.27
7.20
7.20
7.16
7.16
7.12
7.18
7.23
7.23
7.27
7.27
7.08
7.21
6.81
7.37
7.23
7.29
7.29
7.25
7.26
7.17
7.37
7.44
Na
µM
464.3
479.1
444.8
446.1
446.1
449.1
498.3
497.8
497.4
500.0
499.1
502.2
503'.5
430.4
596.5
550.4
458.3
447.4
453.9
450.4
450.9
458.3
457.0
459.6
459.6
453.0
458.3
459.6
460.4
467.8
468.3
460.0
460.0
475.7
476.1
468.7
468.7
457.4
464.3
434.8
409.1
409.1
378.3
383.5
390.9
400.9
429.1
417.4
422.6
425.7
425.2
429.1
441.7
433.9
424.3
439.1
44011
447.0
452.2
453.5
448.3
437.4
428.3
436.1
450.9
450.9
440.4
441.3
456.5
458.3
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
30.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
24.6
24.6
26.1
24.6
24.6
24.6
22.8
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.3
22.5
22.3
26.9
32.5
32,0
31.5
31.2
31.5
31.2
31.2
31.2
30.9
30.9
30.9
31.2
30.4
30.7
30.7
30.7
30.4
30.4
30.2
30.7
30.7
30.4
30.2
31.2
29.9
30.7
31.2
31.2
32.2
32.2
32.0
32.2
33.5
32.8
32.0
35.3
32.0
31.5
31.8
31.5
31.2
30.9
30.9
30.9
30.7
31.7
29.9
29.7
29.7
29.4
29.9
29.9
29.9
29.4
30.2
29.9
Mg
µM
109.5
109.5
109.8
109.5
109.5
109.5
112.3
111.1
111.1
112,8
112.8
114.0
114.4
103.3
158.8
118.5
101.2
97.1
97.1
97.1
96.7
96.3
96.3
96.7
97.5
96.3
96.7
97.1
97.1
98.8
98.8
97.5
97.5
100.0
98.4
95.6
94.7
95.1
94.2
90.9
88.5
88.5
81.5
81.9
82.7
84.8
85.2
83.5
84.4
88.5
89.3
89.7
89.7
89.3
91.4
92.2
92.6
93.0
93.0
93.8
94.2
95.1
92.2
94.7
93.4
95.1
95.1
93.4
93.8
94.7
Ca
µM
165.6
158.4
156.2
159.4
159.6
156.9
172.3
166.8
166.8
170.3
173.6
171.6
171.3
160.1
180.3
164.6
134.2
131.4
130.9
129.9
129.9
130.4
130.4
130.7
132.7
131.4
131.9
132.4
133.2
130.7
134.4
131.7
133.7
137.2
137.2
135.4
131.9
128.4
126.4
123.9
119.5
119.5
113.7
114.2
115.2
116.7
119.0
121.4
121.4
125.4
123.2
122.7
124.2
124.9
120.0
123.2
123.9
124.4
125.4
126.2
129.9
127.9
129.9
129.4
128.7
131.2
129.4
127.7
128.4
129.9
134
Cl
µM
313.1
313.2
322.3
303.8
314.2
307.2
315.1
314.2
303.2
314.9
304.9
324.2
315.6
293.3
333.0
272.8
182.8
184.5
186.9
182.0
184.6
184.2
185.8
188.3
192.6
188.5
190.9
194.2
194.2
198.4
199.3
199.6
193.0
207.0
204.0
206.6
198.6
186.9
183.0
171.5
156.8
150.5
146.5
146.0
153.9
152.6
175.3
163.9
164.9
166.4
167.9
169.9
177.1
171.4
172.8
183.2
186.6
183.7
193.5
193.0
186.1
184.4
174.2
184.2
183.6
180.0
176.6
177.7
177.5
178.4
NO3
µM
17.00
11.74
12.44
11.94
10.31
16.63
13.99
10.87
9.87
9.21
8.11
8.10
7.31
6.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.47
3.24
2.41
0.00
0.00
1.62
0.00
0.00
0.96
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
64.8
64.6
65.2
65.6
65.5
66.6
65.7
65.7
66.9
66.4
67.1
68.7
69.1
51.9
75.6
68.8
50.5
50.4
51.0
50.9
51.2
51.4
52.1
51.5
52.2
52.0
51.5
54.8
51.8
54.3
53.0
54.0
53.6
55.0
54.5
53.6
54.2
50.8
49.6
46.6
42.6
39.2
39.0
39.2
40.0
39.9
44.1
43.4
44.5
44.8
44.3
45.1
48.1
45.5
49.1
48.4
48.7
51.2
50.1
50.0
53.9
54.4
51.1
53.9
54.6
52.9
52.6
52.8
52.5
52.4
HCO3
µM
579.3
585.2
537.7
561.5
553.3
549.4
629.8
619.7
629.0
631.7
646.8
626.1
636.1
580.5
823.1
738.2
676.8
650.4
652.5
651.8
648.3
656.0
651.4
654.1
654.0
647.2
652.0
645.5
653.9
650.5
659.7
638.2
652.4
663.6
665.0
647.5
644.9
647.1
651.8
630.5
614.3
627.3
576.4
583.6
584.9
603.7
607.4
609.5
612.3
632.7
615.2
622.1
625.8
631.5
607.1
619.3
620.6
626.8
625.1
632.4
632.6
619.8
625.7
621.7
632.3
647.5
637.5
629.6
648.7
654.2
Si
µM
206.0
206.8
212.8
213.5
216.0
219.9
219.2
219.6
222.1
220.3
220.6
221.7
218.9
164.4
300.7
279.7
222.4
216.0
225.3
220.6
229.9
226.0
232.0
233.5
228.8
228.5
230.6
234.9
232.4
236.7
240.6
236.7
235.2
249.5
248.0
242.7
246.6
232.0
222.1
208.9
202.8
184.3
182.2
187.2
192.9
194.3
204.3
207.5
222.4
215.7
215.7
221.0
223.1
222.1
224.9
231.7
234.2
236.3
239.1
247.7
247.3
230.6
232.4
229.2
236.7
242.3
236.7
233.8
238.1
244.8
Caspar Creek - Watershed KJE
#
DATE
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
01/27/96
02109/96
02/19/96
02119/96
02/19/96
02/1 9/96
02/19/96
02/19/96
02/19/96
02/19/96
02/19/96
02/19/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
02/20/96
03/19/96
04/03/96
05/07/96
TIME Streamflow
L/s
10:20
35.05
11:20
35.05
12:20
33.25
13:20
33.25
14:20
33.25
15:20
33.25
16:20
33.25
17:20
31.49
18:20
31.49
19:20
31.49
20:20
31.49
21:20
31.49
22:20
29.77
23:20
28.08
10:48
11.97
14:22
38.74
15:22
44.51
16:22
50.56
17:22
56.88
18:22
63.46
19:22
70.29
20:22
77.36
21:22
84.68
22:22
89.68
23:22
97.38
00:22
94.79
01:22
92.22
02:22
87.17
03:22
82.21
04:22
77.36
05:22
72.62
06:22
67.98
07:22
63.46
08:22
59.04
09:22
54.74
10:22
50.56
11:22
46.49
12:22
42.55
13:22
38.74
10:07
4.52
10:20
8.47
14:45
2.89
pH
7.44
7.38
7.36
7.19
7.18
7.26
7.35
7.38
7.37
7.26
7.29
7.33
7.29
7.39
7.16
7.06
6.91
7.03
7.10
7.09
7.10
7.06
7.01
6.80
6.74
6.97
7.04
7.05
7.05
7.07
6.97
7.09
7.25
7.01
7.22
7.07
6.98
7.11
7.14
7.16
7.18
7.68
Na
µM
450.9
444.3
448.3
453.9
468.7
455.7
440.9
457.0
459.1
454.8
462.6
461.7
465.2
468.7
416.3
424.8
427.4
432.2
427.0
428.7
430.9
435.2
438.7
442.2
422.6
423.0
426.1
423.5
422.6
425.7
426.1
436.5
426.1
425.2
428.7
432.2
421.7
427.8
438.7
445.2
451.4
483.8
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
29.7
29.7
29.9
30.2
30.2
29.9
29.9
29.9
29.9
29.9
29.7
29.9
29.4
30.2
19.1
20.2
18.9
19.2
19.2
19.4
19.2
19.2
19.7
19.3
18.7
19.9
21.0
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.4
20.7
18.9
18.9
19.4
19.4
18.7
19.4
18.7
19.8
19.6
19.8
Mg
µM
94.2
93.8
94.2
94.7
94.2
93.8
94.2
93.4
93.8
94.7
93.4
93.8
95.1
94.7
95.8
82.7
84.0
81.1
83.0
81.1
84.8
86.4
90.9
85.6
83.5
80.2
76.5
78.6
77.8
79.0
79.0
79.4
84.0
79.4
81.9
79.4
81.1
81.1
81.5
100.7
108.9
115.4
135
Ca
µM
129.9
127.7
128.9
129.4
130.4
129.9
127.9
132.4
132.2
131.9
129.4
129.9
129.9
131.9
143.5
130.2
131.2
125.2
133.4
125.9
137.4
134.2
159.6
162.1
116.7
118.2
124.7
123.9
124.4
125.2
124.2
126.9
135.2
125.2
135.2
127.4
153.6
129.2
130.2
156.1
158.1
173.5
CI
µM
175.1
174.3
181.7
181.8
187.3
180.9
171.3
182.4
182.0
183.7
180.3
183.4
190.6
194.8
228.3
178.2
179.1
179.4
178.3
176.9
177.7
182.5
185.3
182.9
184.1
176.7
188.2
181.4
183.3
189.9
197.4
199.4
193.5
186.4
193.1
194.0
199.8
195.8
201.4
263:7
251.5
400.9
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.40
14.49
11.58
16.53
10.12
15.09
15.60
11.50
6.97
30.61
22.31
19.89
18.29
23.17
27.21
19.30
17.51
9.19
10.74
11.51
10.66
13.01
0.00
5.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
53.1
51.5
$2.2
52.8
53.3
53.9
51.0
54.0
53.6
53.9
52.5
58.1
55.1
64.3
59.1
49.3
50.4
50.3
49.5
49.2
48.8
49.8
50.8
49.6
49.1
50.4
50.1
49.2
50.5
50.3
51.6
51.0
50.6
50.0
52.4
50.9
51.4
51.8
51.8
56.2
60.0
84.7
HCO3
µM
647.6
639.7
638.5
644.9
654.2
644.4
641.7
648.2
651.9
646.3
652.7
639.5
643.8
648.6
567.4
583.6
592.2
572.3
585.1
576.8
604.1
597.8
661.1
667.7
528.9
540.1
541.3
550.4
539.4
536.3
532.1
551.2
579.4
556.2
572.9
558.8
594.2
568.5
569.8
602.7
633.4
511.2
Si
µM
240.2
233.5
234.2
242.7
243.4
242.0
232.7
246.6
242.7
244.5
241.3
247.7
245.6
243.4
270.8
224.6
226.0
224.9
223.1
220.3
223.1
231.3
231.7
230.2
226.3
228.8
230.2
232.4
230.6
242.0
241.3
244.1
243.4
240.6
240.6
244.8
246.3
249.5
245.9
276.5
274.4
322.8
Caspar Creek - Watershed LAN
#
DATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
04/10/91
04/16/91
04/24/91
05/01/91
02/05/92
02/13/92
03/04/92
03/11/92
03/25/92
04/01/92
04/08/92
04/16/92
04/23192
04/29/92
05/06/92
05121/92
06/11/92
07/09/92
08/04/92
09/15/92
11/04/92
11/24/92
12/02/92
12/16/92
12/29/92
01/12/93
02/17/93
03/03/93
03/24/93
04/07/93
04/28/93
05/12/93
05/27/93
06/09/93
07/02/93
07/22/93
08/10/93
09/07/93
10/20/93
12/01/93
02/02/94
03/16/94
04/13/94
05/18/94
06/29/94
10/05/94
11/02/94
12/06/94
01/03/95
02/01/95
03/01/95
04/05/95
05/05/95
06/05/95
12/05/95
01/11/96
02/09/96
03/19/96
04/03/96
05/07/96
TIME Streamflow
L/s
12:31
10.3
12:12
8.0
11:14
8.0
10:42
8.0
12:05
8.0
14:00 122.8
11:33
15.4
11:00
15.4
14:40
18.3
11:04
10.3
10:55
12.7
11:40
18.3
12:25
12.7
12:20
8.0
11:30
8.0
15:00
4.1
11:30
1.4
10:38
1.4
14:00
1.4
11:50
0.0
14:30
0.4
14:54
1.4
13:45
4.1
14:00
18.3
14:00 154.8
10:56
91.0
14:58
39.0
12:05
39.0
13:40 107.9
13:25
31.5
12:50
39.0
13:45
12.7
14:40
96.5
09:44
39.0
10:00
8.0
14:40
4.1
11:45
1.4
14:00
1.4
13:47
1.4
12:36
1.4
11:45
21.3
11:58
8.0
12:00
2.6
13:18
10.3
14:15
1.4
10:00
0.0
13:30
0.0
11:14
4.1
13:10
22.9
14:57 254.6
14:30
10.3
10:53
18.3
10:30
47.2
10:39
8.0
12:00
missing
12:00
missing
11:30
56.0
10:52
24.5
11:30
39.0
15:53
missing
pH
7.38
7.43
7.24
7.40
7.10
6.66
7.30
7.01
7.00
6.94
7.73
7.23
7.33
7.38
7.60
7.41
7.35
7.04
7.28
7.14
7.11
7.33
7.38
7.17
7.05
7.24
7.46
7.50
7.55
7.61
7.09
6.49
7.16
7.24
7.03
7.25
7.34
7.40
7.43
7.45
7.20
6.71
7.60
7.46
7.51
7.40
7.69
7.26
7.40
6.58
6.84
7.20
7.07
7.57
7.33
7.46
7.14
7.34
7.26
7.56
Na
µM
439.0
445.0
607.0
472.0
469.6
430.7
568.9
534.2
614.4
502.4
478.7
540.0
606.8
527.7
495.8
515.2
513.7
533.8
589.4
563.2
630.3
582.9
548.1
488.0
398.0
448.3
423.6
478.5
500.2
517.6
496.4
513.9
530.9
504.8
568.6
592.0
609.3
635.4
915.2
693.7
468.4
633.6
725.3
530.9
554.0
637.0
625.6
536.8
456.7
428.5
406.2
395.6
422.1
476.5
596.5
601.7
434.9
450.9
465.9
486.0
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
24.0
23.0
27.0
24.0
20.9
22.5
22.4
30.6
35.3
27.2
23.9
27.8
33.5
28.7
24.3
26.0
25.9
30.2
29.2
27.2
33.0
28.1
28.1
25.3
22.8
21.3
22.2
23.0
25.6
23.0
24.4
29.9
25.0
25.6
24.9
26.1
25.8
28.8
29.7
28.5
21.8
35.7
32.3
35.7
33.8
24.0
27.8
24.0
22.0
21.2
21.0
21.7
21.1
23.2
27.9
35.0
21.4
20.7
21.2
24.3
Mg
µM
131.0
134.0
163.0
144.0
145.3
115.6
130.4
142.5
149.8
141.2
144.8
158.5
140.0
153.3
162.4
172.9
163.3
189.8
206.1
220.4
235.7
222.1
218.0
141.5
111.5
114.2
123.3
135.7
131.6
139.9
133.9
147.4
141.1
137.3
166.4
179.5
188.9
199.9
220.5
220.2
141.6
171.1
203.1
175.8
198.7
256.4
271.6
186.0
141.5
89.6
136.4
124.3
118.2
150.0
222.2
151.4
117.2
123.4
129.5
142.9
136
Ca
µM
201.0
214.0
239.0
231.0
232.6
177.1
280.8
215.2
221.9
226.3
228.2
260.1
226.9
254.0
257.2
283.8
275.8
324.5
359.5
370.6
393.5
369.3
371.8
223.8
181.1
184.0
210.9
214.6
209.6
227.01
239.3
262.5
246.3
245.5
295.1
320.1
336.0
359.2
383.5
372.9
247.1
273.1
319.3
302.2
339.7
472.5
481.2
329.4
232.0
155.6
159.2
216.5
204.5
258.8
.364.6
248.6
186.8
196.3
205.1
227.0
CI
µM
369.0
376.0
546.0
367.0
398.9
374.0
369.0
536.0
627.3
490.2
405.0
421.7
357.0
403.0
426.2
412.0
443.1
420.6
426.0
411.0
500.0
476.0
428.0
468.0
331.4
374.3
313.2
376.0
380.0
380.0
397.1
403.2
351.1
346.9
426.1
427.5
404.7
473.8
526.0
542.8
333.3
597.9
653.0
365.9
464.3
376.9
396.4
503.8
366.5
309.6
408.2
359.7
357.4
412.5
389.8
404.1
367.0
373.3
380.4
510.4
NO3
µM
5.40
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.63
10.21
0.29
0.10
0.80
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.67
0.00
4.57
0.00
1.75
0.00
0.00
6.84
0.00
0.00
0.91
2.69
1.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.33
0.70
0.00
5.76
0.25
0.06
0.35
0.55
0.00
0.16
0.20
0.33
0.15
0.00
0.25
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.12
0.00
1.52
1.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.24
0.00
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.60
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
85.0
89.0
104.0
96.0
63.9
63.9
78.1
88.7
89.4
87.1
84.1
86.7
80.9
89.6
91.8
94.3
97.0
96.9
104.0
120.3
107.0
104.0
105.0
80.0
62.7
57.0
63.7
67.0
61.0
70.0
69.0
74.1
62.5
66.0
83.8
87.4
88.3
92.6
116.6
98.3
82.5
101.8
112.8
86.9
97.1
119.6
128.3
100.3
94.1
43.9
86.4
57.0
58.2
54.6
87.8
80.9
51.0
53.2
54.5
81.0
HCO3
µM
582.6
609.0
684.0
687.0
679.0
526.2
887.4
566.7
580.4
600.0
675.2
809.3
754.8
788.8
749.3
853.7
780.4
978.0
1115.8
1120.6
1206.6
1109.8
1116.7
616.0
549.2
577.9
673.6
692.1
705.2
754.4
732.1
810.9
854.1
817.2
922.9
1015.0
1102.5
1123.5
1391.4
1167.4
764.5
756.5
921.8
982.9
1006.1
1495.7
1504.7
887.0
669.4
539.9
436.0
625.2
614.9
795.6
1232.5
871.2
595.3
629.7
666.8
577.8
Si
µM
missing
missing
missing
missing
266.5
251.6
295.0
282.4
272.6
303.6
285.5
300.3
300.0
299.2
314.6
318.3
320.9
304.6
314.6
318.9
309.3
363.2
271.9
238.9
271.6
270.5
274.1
292.8
290.1
295.3
291.9
283.7
291.6
317.4
319.5
322.9
324.8
325.0
304.0
289.4
309.4
239.8
267.6
303.2
286.0
304.4
292.9
275.2
264.4
276.7
308.2
308.1
307.2
308.5
265.5
403.9
306.8
316.0
309.6
322.1
Caspar Creek - Watershed MUN
#
DATE
TIME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
03/27/91
04/10/91
04/16/91
04/24/91
05/01/91
02/11/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/13/92
02/14/92
02/15/92
02/22/92
02/25/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/17/92
03/18/92
12/08/92
12/08/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/29/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
09:36
09:36
09:36
09:36
09:36
10:50
02:46
11:35
13:35
11:01
16:00
11:05
10:50
12:37
05:10
09:52
15:31
10:00
11:00
17:03
21:03
03:03
04:03
05:03
06:03
07:03
08:03
15:07
08:05
09:05
10:05
11:05
12:05
13:05
14:05
15:05
16:05
17:05
18:05
19:05
20:05
21:05
22:05
23:05
00:05
01:05
02:05
03:05
04:05
05:05
06:05
07:05
08:05
09:05
10:05
11:05
12:05
13:05
14:05
15:05
16:05
17:05
18:05
11:00
00:03
01:03
02:03
03:03
04:03
05:03
Streamflow
L/s
5.42
5.42
3.67
4.52
5.42
4.96
10.76
14.53
11.97
7.40
10.76
11.97
11.97
3.43
57.96
52.64
40.63
20.16
11.97
12.85
24.32
15.20
15.20
15.20
15.20
11.85
11.97
10.76
24.32
57.53
71.45
71.45
71.45
62.79
54.74
49.53
44.51
39.68
35.05
30.63
28.41
26.42
26.42
37.43
30.63
30.63
26.42
25.44
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
11.36
11.85
15.20
18.55
22.29
35.05
49.53
pH
7.15
7.11
7.14
7.16
7.08
7.05
7.27
7.09
7.26
6.98
6.95
6.63
6.86
6.82
6.74
6.95
6.97
7.28
7.37
6.43
6.45
6.51
6.63
6.61
6.56
6.57
6.52
6.90
6.52
6.53
6.57
6.69
6.67
6.65
6.58
6.59
6.68
6.69
6.67
6.66
6.66
6.77
6.76
6.73
6.73
6.74
6.84
6.82
6.44
6.46
7.03
6.59
6.67
6.63
6.68
6.77
6.85
6.85
6.82
6.84
6.81
6.52
6.54
7.10
6.86
6.91
6.93
6.97
6:96
6.94
Na
µM
513.3
522.0
543.7
497.4
501.1
499.3
425.7
437.1
448.5
471.2
422.5
447.2
389.1
416.3
449.6
430.8
433.8
436.8
439.3
406.3
370.2
398.9
418.0
415.0
404.1
416.7
421.1
439.3
387.1
356.7
339.3
339.3
339.3
348.0
356.7
361.0
369.7
369.7
378.4
382.8
382.8
391.5
391.5
343.6
400.2
400.2
404.5
404.5
400.2
404.5
404.5
404.5
413.2
404.5
404.5
408.9
413.2
404.5
408.9
408.9
413.2
408.9
400.2
434.5
364.5
364.1
423.7
412.4
396.7
386.3
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
23.0
25.6
23.0
22.3
26.1
24.2
23.4
27.3
22.8
21.9
21.8
21.5
20.7
24.2
25.5
25.8
27.5
25.7
23.2
27.3
24.0
24.8
24.3
24.8
24.8
24.3
24.0
24.3
23.0
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
23.0
25.6
25.6
25.6
23.0
23.0
25.6
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
25.6
23.0
23.0
23.0
25.6
28.1
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
22.8
28.4
26.9
23.8
22.3
23.5
24.6
Mg
µM
111.1
119.3
119.3
117.2
121.2
123.1
100.4
116.4
104.6
105.5
94.5
98.5
89.1
94.9
79.7
85.4
89.0
90.8
95.3
99.1
88.4
95.0
99.5
97.9
96.3
100.4
101.2
104.9
90.5
82.3
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
82.3
82.3
82.3
86.4
86.4
66.4
86.4
90.5
90.5
82.3
94.6
90.5
94.6
94.6
90.5
94.6
90.5
94.6
94.6
94.6
94.6
94.6
94.6
94.6
94.6
94.6
94.6
94.6
94.6
104.1
81.4
81.4
101.2
97.5
92.1
86.4
137
Ca
µM
182.1
182.1
189.6
204.6
210.9
186.0
156.5
142.0
159.0
159.9
146.1
150.2
131.5
152.2
122.6
135.2
146.0
137.7
142.8
201.8
142.2
151.7
158.7
156.2
153.4
158.9
161.9
164.4
142.2
129.7
124.8
124.8
124.8
127.2
129.7
132.2
132.2
134.7
134.7
137.2
142.2
139.7
142.2
127.2
144.7
144.7
147.2
147.2
144.7
147.2
144.7
147.2
149.7
147.2
147.2
149.7
149.7
149.7
147.2
147.2
147.2
147.2
147.2
169.7
129.2
130.5
164.9
158.9
148.0
140.2
CI
µM
445.0
450.0
453.0
432.3
429.9
511.0
456.9
483.1
503.4
509.3
450.0
479.2
452.6
433.5
361.3
357.7
394.5
467.0
474.3
489.0
448.0
480.0
492.0
476.0
465.0
480.0
484.0
511.0
421.0
371.0
363.0
368.0
372.0
391.0
390.0
406.0
422.0
436.0
440.0
425.0
445.0
428.0
440.0
384.0
450.0
448.0
452.0
462.0
457.0
449.0
439.0
450.0
459.0
449.0
457.0
468.0
469.0
465.0
460.0
471.0
468.0
452.0
463.0
448.2
397.9
411.2
429.1
415.7
394.3
375.1
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
0.14
0.25
0.00
0.18
0.17
0.14
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.07
0.18
0.48
0.11
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.58
0.88
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
49.0
45.0
55.0
49.8
54.1
61.2
43.2
43.8
44.4
48.1
43.7
41.5
37.8
44.9
31.4
32.8
32.4
37.1
40.2
42.0
35.0
40.0
42.0
42.0
42.0
43.0
44.0
46.0
37.0
31.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
31.0
32.0
32.0
33.0
33.0
30.0
35.0
34.0
36.0
36.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
38.0
38.0
38.0
39.0
40.0
39.0
39.0
39.0
39.0
39.0
39.0
38.0
46.4
24.4
24.9
42.6
40.5
36.5
33.2
HCO3
µM
579.7
610.4
621.6
631.1
653.3
508.2
419.7
410.5
406.3
418.4
387.9
403.8
322.6
411.4
455.5
474.4
472.0
378.5
384.2
461.5
337.5
357.1
382.8
388.0
379.3
393.6
399.3
399.3
380.6
373.3
351.7
346.7
342.7
337.4
358.3
349.6
342.3
341.5
344.2
366.6
356.6
383.5
373.9
344.2
384.4
380.2
387.2
377.2
365.2
388.2
385.0
385.2
389.9
388.7
376.2
372.5
377.9
375.7
382.6
366.5
373.9
385.5
367.8
463.8
367.6
353.8
465.4
450.7
433.1
422.5
Si
µM
275.3
275.2
282.8
289.9
273.5
226.7
196.4
259.5
213.0
223.1
232.4
218.5
245.2
259.6
199.4
198.3
210.2
246.6
257.3
170.2
163.8
165.3
178.1
195.0
191.3
185.4
196.7
203.2
196.9
168.9
158.6
156.1
181.1
166.8
171.0
175.8
205.3
186.6
198.3
193.5
200.2
201.8
205.7
176.8
210.8
210.5
214.1
216.3
214.9
214.6
213.6
226.7
219.0
218.7
218.0
219.9
220.5
217.6
218.0
217.3
218.4
216.8
216.4
227.5
178.4
184.4
226.9
221.6
199.8
184.6
Caspar Creek - Watershed MUN
#
DATE
TIME
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
12/31/92
12131/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
01/06/93
01/06/93
01/06/93
01/06/93
01/06/93
01/06/93
01/12/93
01/13/93
01/13/93
01/13/93
01/13/93
01/13/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/14/93
01/15/93
01/15/93
01/15/93
01/15/93
01/15/93
01/15/93
01/15/93
01/15/93
01/15/93
01/15/93
01/15/93
01/15/93
01/16/93
01/16/93
01/16/93
01/16/93
01/16/93
01/16/93
01/16/93
01/19/93
01/19/93
06:03
07:03
08:03
09:03
10:03
11:03
12:03
13:03
14:03
15:03
16:03
17:03
18:03
19:03
20:03
21:03
22:03
23:03
20:59
21:59
22:59
23:43
23:45
23:46
11:10
19:47
20:47
21:47
22:47
23:47
00:47
01:47
02:47
03:47
04:47
05:47
06:47
07:47
08:47
09:47
10:47
11:47
12:47
13:47
14:45
16:45
18:45
20:45
22:45
00:45
02:45
04:45
06:45
08:45
10:45
12:45
14:45
16:45
18:45
20:45
22:45
00:45
02:45
04:45
06:45
08:45
10:45
12:45
20:46
21:46
Streamflow
L/s
60.14
73.33
77.36
79.05
79.05
113.43
137.61
137.61
135.56
130.33
135.56
137.61
123.18
113.98
102.63
89.68
83.44
81.48
21.67
26.42
31.49
35.05
35.05
35.05
9.59
18.70
26.42
35.05
48.51
59.04
63.46
63.46
63.46
56.88
56.88
52.64
52.64
48.51
48.51
44.51
44.51
44.51
44.51
40.63
40.63
35.05
35.05
31.49
31.49
26.42
26.42
26.42
21.67
21.67
21.67
21.67
21.67
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
26.42
31.49
48.51
pH
6.96
6.92
6.94
6.95
6.93
6.98
6.96
6.92
6.91
6.91
6.95
6.89
6.90
6.85
6.95
6.85
6.86
6.85
7.06
7.02
7.08
7.05
7.05
7.03
7.30
7.28
7.31
7.27
7.26
7.27
7.14
7.21
7.24
7.21
7.27
7.22
7.34
7.22
7.22
7.28
7.22
7.23
7.14
7.25
7.19
7.20
7.18
7.25
7.29
7.24
7.21
7.27
7.15
7.29
7.25
7.30
7.24
7.23
7.26
7.30
7.28
7.22
7.24
7.30
7.26
7.19
7.21
7.26
7.28
7.36
Na
µM
371.5
366.7
359.7
351.9
350.6
337.1
312.3
322.7
328.4
336.2
338.0
338.0
339.7
340.1
354.1
354.9
360.6
362.3
448.4
431.9
431.5
429.4
430.4
429.3
472.7
461.0
433.7
414.5
399.5
392.0
395.1
392.9
397.7
403:1
406.5
410.7
422.0
427.0
430.2
431.2
434.2
437.4
443.0
448.1
448.6
452.1
453.8
461.4
458.6
466.2
460.5
467.1
460.7
466.5
464.4
462.3
455.1
459.7
457.5
447.5
446.5
451.1
449.4
451.9
450.9
453.8
458.4
458.3
438.4
411.4
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
25.1
25.3
24.8
25.3
25.1
26.1
28.1
28.6
28.1
27.9
27.9
27.6
26.9
27.6
29.7
27.6
27.6
27.4
21.3
22.0
20.6
22.0
20.7
20.9
23.0
21.9
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.4
22.0
22.0
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.5
22.6
22.4
22.9
22.7
21.8
22.5
22.8
22.7
22.9
22.9
22.3
22.8
22.3
22.8
22.5
22.5
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.4
22.5
22.5
22.6
23.0
21.8
21.8
22.1
22.3
22.3
21.9
22.0
21.9
21.2
20.4
138
Mg
µM
81.4
79.4
78.6
77.3
76.5
72.0
71.2
72.4
73.6
74.9
75.7
76.9
76.1
78.6
78.2
80.6
80.6
80.2
98.0
94.2
92.4
92.2
92.1
92.1
103.7
97.0
92.9
87.8
83.5
80.7
80.6
80.2
80.8
82.2
83.7
84.3
86.4
87.4
89.0
88.3
89.3
89.3
90.3
91.8
91.7
92.7
93.5
94.1
94.4
95.2
95.2
95.9
95.4
96.1
96.0
94.6
95.0
97.0
97.8
95.0
93.7
94.5
94.7
95.2
95.3
95.6
95.9
96.1
93.2
87.9
Ca
µM
134.2
130.5
127.2
126.7
125.5
121.5
116.5
117.0
119.3
120.8
121.3
122.5
124.3
125.0
125.2
126.5
128.2
127.5
155.3
150.0
152.9
146.6
146.2
146.4
162.4
153.2
149.5
141.5
133.3
128.7
129.5
128.2
128.2
130.2
131.8
133.2
134.0
135.2
137.9
136.6
138.9
139.9
141.4
142.8
144.6
145.9
148.1
148.7
149.4
150.2
150.0
152.5
152.0
152.6
153.0
150.0
151.6
150.8
149.8
147.6
148.6
149.6
150.1
150.4
150.6
151.0
150.2
151.5
149.6
139.9
CI
µM
363.5
365.3
370.1
362.3
358.1
354.0
331.2
343.3
351.8
355.6
365.5
370.4
387.2
377.6
402.4
408.3
405.6
416.3
405.3
389.4
379.6
397.2
378.5
384.4
449.8
400.8
396.7
359.7
344.0
332.0
334.9
344.4
349.9
361.5
362.9
373.9
378.4
377.5
390.8
398.1
408.1
406.8
402.7
414.6
415.4
419.0
413.6
423.6
413.7
424.6
421.4
429.7
429.5
433.2
431.5
423.7
420.8
421.5
429.8
416.0
415.5
413.1
411.3
423.9
420.2
417.0
437.7
433.4
390.0
344.8
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.52
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.00
0.54
0.00
0.57
0.00
0.00
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.47
0.51
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
32.3
30.5
30.1
28.8
27.8
25.0
23.5
23.6
23.9
23.3
23.3
23.4
23.4
23.3
24.1
24.0
24.7
24.1
39.6
36.9
35.7
36.1
35.6
35.7
39.2
36.8
36.6
34.4
32.1
30.8
31.3
30.4
30.9
31.4
31.8
31.0
32.4
31.5
31.6
31.1
31.3
32.3
31.9
31.4
32.5
32.8
33.1
33.1
33.3
33.7
34.1
34.2
34.2
34.6
34.7
33.6
33.6
34.0
34.8
34.1
34.5
34.5
34.0
33.1
34.0
34.0
34.2
36.7
35.8
32.4
HCO3
µM
399.8
385.5
365.9
365.5
366.0
346.2
337.6
339.7
342.7
353.2
347.6
347.3
333.3
350.7
339.9
340.5
351.0
340.6
491.6
477.5
491.8
459.6
478.1
471.4
499.8
508.9
468.7
465.9
446.2
438.7
440.0
426.5
426.1
425.7
433.4
432.4
441.6
454.2
453.0
443.3
441.6
446.8
462.7
462.8
463.7
467.7
479.5
480.0
488.1
487.0
483.6
488.4
480.1
483.4
484.2
482.8
482.6
488.2
475.9
471.5
468.3
478.8
481.8
475.2
476.8
483.9
466.5
468.4
483.6
477.7
Si
µM
178.1
169.0
168.4
168.4
164.4
156.6
145.7
143.6
151.1
155.0
153.3
151.0
149.9
149.7
154.8
161.7
164.1
170.3
216.3
212.4
208.1
208.4
207.4
210.9
252.8
217.3
212.9
200.0
187.4
181.2
181.2
181.2
183.4
188.3
192.7
196.5
196.1
201.3
205.0
207.2
225.0
207.8
211.1
214.9
214.0
215.7
224.0
226.0
224.6
228.0
227.8
237.3
232.5
238.9
238.0
234.0
233.6
231.0
229.6
234.0
229.1
234.3
228.9
230.5
233.3
232.8
233.1
234.6
222.4
202.7
Caspar Creek - Watershed MUN
#
DATE
TIME
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/20/93
01/21/93
01/21/93
01/21/93
02/17/93
03/03/93
03/24/93
04/06/93
04/28/93
05/12/93
05/24/93
05/27/93
06/09/93
01/24/94
01/24/94
01/24/94
01/24/94
01/24/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/17/94
02/18/94
02/18/94
02/18/94
02/18/94
02/18/94
02/18/94
02/18/94
02/18/94
02/18/94
02/19/94
03/16/94
01/14/95
01/14/95
01/14/95
01/14/95
01/14/95
01/14/95
01/14/95
01/14/95
01/14/95
00:46
01:46
02:46
03:46
04:46
05:46
06:46
07:46
08:46
09:46
10:46
11:46
12:46
13:46
16:46
19:46
22:46
01:46
04:46
07:46
11:15
10:40
11:15
09:50
10:20
10:45
10:50
11:25
09:45
05:52
06:52
07:52
08:52
09:52
02:40
03:40
04:40
05:40
06:40
07:40
08:00
11:00
13:00
15:00
17:00
19:00
21:00
23:00
01:00
03:00
05:00
07:00
09:00
13:00
16:00
19:00
22:00
01:00
10:28
00:00
15:45
16:45
17:45
18:45
19:45
20:45
21:45
22:45
Streamflow
L/s
157.20
160.30
160.30
163.41
160.30
169.71
169.71
176.09
172.89
166.55
189.10
230.06
277.55
244.33
166.55
77.36
40.63
29.77
23.22
23.22
2.89
4.96
13.88
5.42
2.89
2.18
0.18
11.97
3.67
24.80
24.80
24.80
21.67
21.67
44.51
67.98
67.98
63.46
56.88
52.64
52.64
52.64
52.64
63.46
65.71
67.98
61.24
56.88
52.64
52.64
48.51
44.51
48.51
44.51
44.51
40.63
35.05
50.56
1.54
99.46
44.11
42.17
42.17
40.06
35.96
35.96
35.96
32.02
pH
7.26
7.30
7.21
7.27
7.24
7.30
7.28
7.16
7.23
7.05
7.28
7.03
7.01
7.10
7.14
7.24
7.16
7.42
7.03
7.34
7.50
7.54
7.62
7.55
6.91
7.04
7.21
6.73
7.09
6.90
6.90
7.00
7.00
6.90
7.08
7.00
6.90
7.09
7.07
7.09
7.12
7.23
7.07
7.12
7.07
7.09
7.20
7.15
7.03
7.09
7.05
7.02
7.06
7.10
7.08
7.04
7.07
7.09
6.70
6.58
6.55
6.74
6.66
6.66
6.66
6.65
6.66
6.61
Na
µM
326.5
329.7
327.4
339.7
336.9
340.8
344.6
336.4
337.2
344.4
328.6
317.0
306.9
323.2
354.0
370.5
384.9
395.1
399.8
406.8
466.1
513.3
522.0
543.7
497.4
501.1
534.3
549.2
539.3
432.1
457.1
456.5
462.3
455.6
386.1
368.8
369.0
369.9
375.0
378.4
380.0
380.0
389.2
383.6
380.9
377.4
388.7
399.8
388.1
388.5
431.4
421.6
442.2
406.4
409.4
408.6
422.0
411.2
487.8
466.4
329.8
336.7
358.5
345.5
363.3
364.3
373.5
360.3
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.25
1.35
0.00
0.91
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.31
K
µM
22.9
24.1
23.5
24.6
25.2
25.4
25.6
25.4
25.3
25.9
25.7
26.6
28.2
28.3
28.0
26.4
25.8
24.7
24.6
23.8
22.1
23.0
25.6
23.0
22.3
26.1
24.0
23.8
24.0
23.8
22.5
22.5
22.7
22.7
25.8
29.9
29.5
29.8
24.5
24.8
24.6
24.4
24.5
24.2
24.3
25.1
24.0
25.7
24.0
25.5
25.6
26.7
25.1
24.9
25.7
24.4
24.0
24.2
25.3
28.1
26.2
27.1
27.1
27.0
27.3
26.6
26.4
26.4
139
Mg
µM
68.3
67.2
67.4
68.6
68.3
68.8
69.7
70.4
70.8
72.1
68.9
64.8
62.6
67.0
72.4
77.2
79.6
82.4
83.5
85.0
107.4
111.1
119.3
119.3
117.2
121.2
130.7
126.2
125.4
105.0
100.5
100.8
101.0
100.3
90.9
85.3
83.6
83.7
86.1
87.0
88.5
87.1
88.5
86.7
86.9
84.6
88.5
89.4
87.2
88.5
97.1
96.7
95.6
92:4
95.6
93.3
95.7
103.3
130.3
108.5
73.5
75.0
74.6
76.5
76.9
76.1
77.0
76.6
Ca
µM
108.6
108.8
106.8
109.4
109.5
109.8
111.6
110.5
110.9
112.2
108.3
105.3
102.1
108.5
114.6
122.6
126.9
129.7
131.6
133.9
173.2
182.1
182.1
189.6
204.6
210.9
226.5
218.4
216.4
183.8
175.0
177.2
176.2
175.9
155.5
148.5
148.8
146.2
147.4
148.5
150.3
149.3
152.0
147.2
144.1
143.8
155.6
147.8
145.5
148.9
153.1
158.1
149.8
150.6
156.2
153.5
154.8
173.9
207.8
142.9
126.6
136.6
128.0
130.9
132.2
130.1
131.1
130.3
CI
µM
251.4
258.2
269.6
279.5
283.1
288.5
288.4
293.4
294.8
309.8
295.3
281.0
285.1
292.0
329.3
351.6
369.4
367.0
382.9
380.7
395.6
445.0
450.0
453.0
432.3
429.9
375.9
427.0
434.6
407.5
412.6
417.3
415.4
405.3
311.2
287.7
298.6
309.4
315.4
316.1
318.0
325.3
348.0
333.6
344.5
333.3
383.0
366.8
353.1
357.2
368.5
365.5
397.8
385.9
380.3
382.6
408.6
383.8
368.5
407.8
361.5
364.9
452.6
365.1
387.1
388.5
410.8
435.2
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.96
0.00
0.00
1.41
2.30
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.69
0.00
0.00
0.58
0.96
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.88
SO4
µM
23.8
24.8
24.1
24.5
24.9
24.1
24.1
23.0
22.0
23.0
21.3
21.5
21.4
20.9
22.1
24.5
24.4
24.7
25.6
26.5
51.4
49.0
45.0
55.0
49.8
54.1
54.0
54.9
54.9
40.9
41.5
41.4
42.0
41.6
37.9
35.5
35.6
35.7
35.9
36.0
37.1
35.4
37.1
35.4
35.2
35.9
34.4
35.2
32.4
34.5
39.5
38.9
39.4
36.9
35.8
35.4
39.1
39.2
57.6
27.1
23.5
22.8
24.2
23.7
22.4
23.6
23.3
23.3
HCO3
µM
404.3
398.0
381.5
391.6
384.8
386.8
396.2
384.4
387.0
383.0
370.7
359.6
336.7
368.9
382.7
395.9
405.7
427.4
420.5
434.6
551.0
579.7
610.4
621.6
631.1
653.3
788.5
725.6
702.5
544.3
535.0
534.8
540.0
542.2
516.7
507.5
493.6
477.3
477.1
485.2
489.8
481.4
472.7
471.1
452.2
454.4
449.0
462.9
459.7
462.4
510.0
514.9
481.4
457.5
487.0
473.0
460.2
527.5
705.5
534.7
347.7
376.5
289.6
375.0
376.9
367.6
358.9
318.8
Si
µM
145.4
144.7
144.3
150.5
151.0
150.1
149.7
152.5
151.9
157.7
147.4
146.1
139.9
142.3
162.2
177.0
192.0
198.3
210.8
210.0
269.6
275.3
275.2
282.8
289.9
273.5
306.4
276.4
299.8
222.8
224.5
228.4
233.1
228.9
126.9
120.9
124.2
126.7
134.8
139.2
136.0
138.4
144.2
190.7
183.2
186.3
197.7
196.3
196.4
205.9
210.5
214.9
204.5
205.9
214.2
216.2
221.4
226.0
272.0
177.4
158.5
162.4
166.6
168.9
173.9
179.6
180.7
181.7
Caspar Creek - Watershed MUN
#
DATE
TIME
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
01/14/95
01/15/95
01/15/95
01/15/95
01/15/95
01/15/95
01/15/95
01/15/95
01/15/95
01/15/95
01/26/95
01/26/95
01/26/95
01/26/95
01/26/95
01/26/95
01/26/95
01/26/95
01/26/95
01 /26/95
01/26/95
01/26/95
01/26/95
01/27/95
01/27/95
01/27/95
01/27/95
01/27/95
01/27/95
01/27/95
01/27/95
01/27/95
01/27/95
01/27/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/30/95
01/31/95
01/31/95
01/31/95
01/31/95
01/31/95
02/01/95
02/20/95
03/08/95
03108/95
03108/95
03/08/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03109/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
23:45
00:45
01:45
02:45
03:45
05:45
07:45
09:45
11:45
13:45
11:01
12:01
13:01
14:01
15:01
16:01
17:01
18:01
19:01
20:01
21:01
22:01
23:01
00:01
01:01
02:01
03:01
04:01
05:01
06:01
07:01
08:01
09:01
10:01
05:04
06:04
07:04
08:04
09:04
10:04
11:04
12:04
13:04
14:04
15:04
16:04
17:04
18:04
19:04
21:04
22:04
23:04
00:04
01:04
02:04
03:04
04:04
12:07
14:52
20:25
21:25
22:25
23:25
00:25
01:25
02:25
03:25
04:25
05:25
06:25
Streamflow
L/s
32.02
32.02
32.02
28.24
28.24
28.24
24.64
24.64
24.64
24.64
28.24
44.51
72.39
77.60
77.60
72.62
67.30
62.57
57.74
53.06
48.51
44.11
40.06
40.06
40.06
35.96
35.96
32.02
32.02
31.67
28.24
28.24
28.24
24.64
32.02
44.11
59.70
72.62
77.60
77.60
72.39
67.30
67.30
62.57
57.31
57.74
53.06
48.51
48.51
42.55
40.06
40.06
35.96
35.96
34.33
32.02
32.02
26.42
29.77
30.11
53.06
85.67
94.53
123.18
117.30
108.25
99.46
99.46
99.46
105.29
pH
6.74
6.76
6.77
6.73
6.70
6.60
6.57
6.56
6.61
6.60
6.41
6.82
6.85
6.74
6.99
6.91
6.87
6.98
6.60
6.50
6.52
6.89
6.93
7.06
7.10
7.13
7.16
7.26
7.23
7.22
7.24
7.23
7.21
6.76
6.35
6.33
6.63
6.67
6.69
6.70
7.09
7.17
7.15
7.15
7.07
7.26
7.19
7.19
7.17
7.11
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.14
7.17
6.82
6.45
6.60
6.67
7.04
7.19
7.13
7.09
6.93
6.94
6.85
6.90
6.80
6.97
6.99
Na
µM
397.4
382.3
387.0
373.6
391.4
394.0
386.8
379.6
381.3
382.8
388.7
382.2
378.0
385.0
385.6
388.6
398.6
399.6
412.0
402.7
407.9
417.5
416.2
428.4
451.4
428.7
427.5
423.9
456.6
454.9
432.1
434.5
429.8
419.7
402.6
390.4
379.8
378.6
386.2
389.0
395.4
399.3
391.9
401.6
407.8
422.3
407.9
412.5
425.1
419.1
423.4
418.1
422.1
422.1
423.6
422.9
392.9
418.8
412.4
410.5
399.5
398.9
383.5
372.9
387.6
395.5
394.4
396.9
397.5
397.2
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.21
0.00
0.00
1.93
4.26
2.65
2.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
26.3
25.0
25.8
26.8
25.5
25.1
24.8
24.5
24.3
24.6
19.7
20.5
20.8
20.9
20.8
21.2
21.5
21.0
21.7
21.2
20.9
21.5
21.3
21.9
22.1
21.4
21.3
21.6
22.3
21.5
21.8
21.6
22.5
21.1
21.2
20.7
20.8
21.1
20.9
21.1
21.1
21.2
21.5
21.2
21.2
21.4
21.2
21.3
21.6
21.3
21.2
21.0
213
21.4
21.8
21.5
20.5
20.7
20.7
20.8
21.3
21.5
19.5
23.0
22.1
22.2
22.5
22.6
22.8
23.3
140
Mg
µM
83.4
81.0
81.1
81.9
82.1
84.4
85.5
86.6
86.3
86.6
82.1
78.5
79.6
77.7
78.5
79.6
81.8
82.0
84.0
83.7
85.1
86.5
86.3
87.7
92.6
88.3
88.9
91.2
95.8
97.8
89.5
90.3
89.5
91.2
84.5
83.0
79.3
78.7
82.2
80.9
82.9
83.1
83.3
83.8
84.0
84.4
83.7
85.6
86.5
86.3
89.7
87.2
89.5
87.9
88.3
87.4
86.9
86.4
85.8
85.3
78.8
88.7
86.7
70.6
75.6
78.4
76.8
76.8
78.1
76.4
Ca
µM
137.7
136.7
138.2
135.8
140.1
140.9
142.6
144.3
145.5
146.2
146.7
139.4
138.6
142.0
136.7
137.4
140.4
141.9
144.3
142.3
145.1
150.0
148.4
152.0
154.6
154.1
152.2
153.7
155.6
163.7
153.7
157.1
155.6
153.9
146.5
143.2
137.8
136.8
142.0
137.7
142.6
140.2
140:3
141.0
143.1
144.2
142.7
146.6
145.7
148.4
151.4
149.7
151.9
152.0
152.1
150.5
148.8
147.0
145.3
145.3
134.9
146.0
138.0
129.4
127.2
130.7
129.7
130.2
131.0
129.7
CI
NO3
µM
µM
443.1 0.00
430.5 0.65
423.5 1.46
441.2 0.67
449.0 0.00
452.1 0.85
433.2 3.91
436.8 0.81
459.8 1.49
460.5 1.20
417.9 0.00
371.0 0.00
350.6 0.00
359.8 0.00
355.1 0.00
379.9 0.00
384.2 0.00
392.7 0.00
390.3 0.00
383.5 0.00
412.6 0.00
404.4 0.00
434.1 0.00
412.6 0.61
448.6 0.00
437.4 0.52
430.5 0.00
429.6 0.00
452.3 0.00
438.0 0.00
443.4 0.00
437.6 0.00
468.5 0.00
472.6 0.00
435.2 0.00
378.0 0.00
376.6 0.00
357.9 0.00
351.5 0.00
374.3 1.66
378.1 0.00
390.0 0.60
383.1 0.00
393.8 1.35
412.2 0.00
426.4 0.00
427.9 0.00
428.6 1.70
432.6 0.00
440.5 0.00
454.1 0.75
445.6 0.00
438.5 1.00
458.3 0.00
451.2 0.00
476.5 0.00
443.6 0.75
441.8 0.00
414.5 0.72
398.9 2.48
286.7 7.53
277.0 9.86
268.1 11.89
265.1 10.06
261.4 5.15
287.6 6.61
302.9 6.74
302.1 4.67
301.2 7.76
303.2 5.21
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
23.5
23.3
23.4
24.2
23.8
25.2
26.0
24.8
26.6
25.6
36.0
33.2
32.4
31.7
30.9
31.3
30.4
31.2
30.4
29.8
30.7
30.6
31.4
30.6
31.3
33.7
31.3
31.0
31.3
33.5
34.4
30.9
32.4
34.7
33.2
30.7
29.5
29.2
29.1
31.1
30.2
29.5
29.6
29.5
29.6
29.7
30.4
30.1
30.0
30.0
30.2
30.4
30.5
32.1
30.4
33.4
31.5
37.2
49.3
42.1
32.6
31.1
30.3
27.3
27.7
39.9
28.9
36.3
28.0
28.6
HCO3
µM
375.8
365.0
379.7
345.7
364.7
366.3
378.7
378.9
354.8
360.1
376.3
401.1
419.8
422.3
419.8
401.2
419.4
413.3
439.3
432.9
415.3
446.4
410.0
455.1
456.8
429.8
438.0
443.8
466.9
494.5
428.1
451.5
409.1
389.0
384.4
424.1
399.4
414.3
445.9
409.1
428.9
417.5
418.3
418.1
411.8
415.1
393.1
407.6
418.6
409.5
411.6
406.5
425.7
400.9
414.3
377.0
377.3
390.1
381.6
406.7
488.9
540.7
511.9
466.1
493.3
462.0
462.6
454.3
473.5
467.1
Si
µM
185.1
184.7
184.4
184.1
183.8
195.2
201.0
195.0
180.1
197.3
232.0
211.8
204.0
198.1
196.4
198.8
205.6
212.9
212.5
217.7
222.1
222.2
224.0
223.9
230.0
235.8
243.6
238.6
245.5
239.2
242.9
237.6
240.1
251.1
237.9
219.2
211.8
202.6
202.0
215.8
207.2
216.2
214.2
218.5
226.2
229.1
229.5
225.9
229.1
241.6
237.8
242.3
235.4
239.9
241.7
241.5
242.7
258.1
279.0
212.4
186.1
174.9
172.0
171.4
169.9
179.0
183.4
186.8
183.0
190.2
Caspar Creek - Watershed MUN
#
DATE
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/09/95
03/10/95
03/11/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/13/95
03/14/95
03/14/95
03/14/95
03/14/95
03/14/95
03/14/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/20/95
03/21/95
03/21/95
03/21/95
03/21/95
03/21/95
03/21/95
03/21/95
04/05/95
05/05/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
TIME
07:25
08:25
09:25
10:25
11:25
12:25
13:25
15:25
17:25
19:25
21:25
23:25
01:25
17:12
06:13
07:13
08:13
09:13
10:13
11:13
12:13
13:13
14:13
15:13
16:13
17:13
18:13
19:13
20:13
21:13
22:13
23:13
00:13
01:13
02:13
03:13
04:13
05:13
00:17
08:17
09:17
10:17
11:17
13:17
14:17
15:17
16:17
17:17
18:17
19:17
20:17
21:17
22:17
23:17
01:17
02:17
03:17
04:17
05:17
06:17
07:17
09:37
09:23
00:20
01:20
02:20
03:20
04:20
05:20
06:20
Streamflow
L/s
108.25
111.24
123.18
123.18
111.24
105.29
96.60
72.39
62.57
53.06
46.29
42.17
35.96
32.02
48.51
57.74
62.57
62.57
57.74
56.23
53.06
48.51
48.51
48.51
53.06
62.57
67.30
82.95
105.29
111.24
105.29
99.46
97.64
93.76
94.53
84.68
82.95
82.95
9.59
82.21
79.29
74.03
67.30
57.74
54.53
53.06
48.51
48.51
44.11
44.11
40.06
40.06
38.74
35.96
35.96
35.96
32.02
32.02
32.02
32.02
32.02
3.27
7.40
13.23
12.59
10.76
9.59
9.02
8.47
7.40
pH
6.98
6.93
6.92
6.91
6.93
7.01
6.97
6.58
6.90
6.68
6.77
6.75
6.83
6.77
6.88
6.86
6.95
6.92
6.94
6.90
6.97
6.90
6.94
6.93
7.05
6.78
6.69
6.60
6.88
6.68
6.61
6.65
7.08
7.03
7.09
7.18
7.14
7.15
7.05
7.04
7.08
7.11
7.15
7.03
7.12
7.17
7.16
7.13
7.15
7.09
7.11
7.15
7.13
7.17
7.14
7.15
6.96
7.14
7.16
7.15
7.11
7.14
7.16
6.86
7.08
7.10
7.07
7.13
7.14
7.13
Na
µM
395.3
382.9
387.9
393.5
399.5
408.9
427.7
430.0
443.8
451.0
460.4
466.8
377.3
408.7
440.0
430.1
435.4
437.9
441.5
443.3
395.8
452.9
446.6
445.1
445.1
389.0
374.4
365.4
359.6
366.6
363.2
363.8
371.0
370.4
370.2
369.1
373.8
365.8
402.6
354.4
356.1
366.9
368.4
379.1
396.8
386.2
390.5
391.0
398.3
393.7
394.9
397.5
391.0
395.9
400.5
415.8
400.5
394.7
411.3
411.6
406.1
443.2
458.8
506.5
493.5
490.0
494.8
506.5
512.2
515.2
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.73
0.50
0.53
6.40
0.00
3.75
1.74
0.79
3.74
3.23
0.69
0.74
2.85
2.97
0.45
7.15
1.48
0.70
0.97
0.00
0.63
0.00
3.86
4.59
0.65
4.11
5.20
0.00
5.00
1.72
0.00
0.47
2.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
23.4
23.9
24.3
24.4
24.5
24.1
24.8
23.8
24.6
24.1
24.0
24.1
20.0
21.1
22.1
22.3
22.3
22.4
22.4
22.7
22.4
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
24.5
23.3
23.0
25.2
24.4
24.3
24.4
23.7
23.9
23.9
23.8
23.6
23.7
25.5
22.5
23.4
22.9
23.2
23.8
23.5
23.4
24.2
24.8
24.0
23.7
24.3
24.1
24.0
24.7
24.0
23.4
23.3
23.4
23.2
23.1
23.1
23.1
22.8
27.1
29.9
28.4
28.1
27.1
26.9
26.9
Mg
µM
75.6
73.7
76.0
77.2
78.5
85.7
84.4
85.3
90.5
93.4
92.2
92.7
89.0
88.1
87.2
87.9
88.1
88.6
95.1
89.5
91.8
92.2
94.3
89.6
89.6
90.4
91.1
86.1
81.4
80.4
88.1
82.8
85.6
84.3
84.0
83.7
83.4
88.1
91.3
78.0
78.7
80.2
83.4
85.2
85.7
86.7
88.3
87.9
88.7
88.4
89.2
89.9
88.8
89.0
99.8
90.5
91.0
91.5
90.8
92.8
89.7
112.5
124.9
104.5
105.3
102.1
102.9
104.5
106.2
106.2
141
Ca
µM
128.7
124.0
128.1
128.4
129.9
151.6
136.3
140.6
151.8
151.4
150.7
151.5
138.1
138.0
139.9
141.9
141.1
142.1
148.1
146.3
151.0
154.5
148.1
147.5
147.5
168.8
151.2
137.4
134.7
133.5
150.8
135.3
140.3
134.6
135.8
136.8
136.4
39.6
148.9
131.1
130.1
132.9
136.7
137.4
142.9
143.8
147.2
145.2
145.9
149.7
166.6
148.3
148.2
147.4
164.7
149.7
155.4
151.0
150.3
152.9
149.1
176.6
195.3
156.9
157.1
156.6
156.6
156.9
157.4
158.1
CI
µM
302.7
305.7
308.0
306.1
300.9
317.9
330.6
345.5
359.1
371.3
386.5
398.2
389.3
407.3
348.2
348.4
333.1
335.5
327.8
345.1
358.7
364.6
369.0
373.8
359.5
369.1
354.3
332.7
314.1
318.7
318.0
335.6
334.0
339.5
341.5
350.3
351.5
341.0
400.3
297.1
311.4
326.9
337.0
350.7
358.4
368.4
374.0
374.3
382.2
376.7
378.8
395.8
386.9
383.2
390.5
390.5
390.4
395.9
400.8
411.9
394.8
473.7
474.6
498.1
449.7
445.5
453.9
469.2
475.7
486.1
NO3
µM
8.85
9.59
8.69
10.88
7.55
5.19
6.78
6.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.06
0.00
1.04
0.00
0.66
1.79
4.62
1.51
1.04
0.00
0.78
2.93
2.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.86
0.00
0.00
0.59
2.53
8.19
1.21
2.62
0.55
2.53
1.41
1.03
3.80
1.72
1.56
1.47
1.66
1.05
1.27
1.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
28.0
27.2
27.0
27.5
27.3
27.9
28.1
41.3
50.7
29.2
29.8
37.4
31.0
32.9
31.2
31.2
31.3
31.2
30.4
30.4
30.3
30.8
31.4
30.5
29.8
30.7
30.0
28.7
28.0
27.5
28.2
28.3
28.6
28.7
28.3
28.6
28.1
27.3
31.8
30.9
30.9
31.6
32.2
32.0
31.8
32.0
32.1
31.6
32.7
32.0
32.1
31.7
32.0
32.0
32.5
32.0
31.7
32.0
32.1
31.9
41.3
45.9
46.5
54.5
39.7
38.7
40.2
42.2
45.0
46.4
HCO3
µM
459.9
432.4
449.6
457.0
477.5
528.8
500.3
471.2
492.4
534.9
524.2
505.3
396.0
408.8
505.8
501.3
520.6
520.3
561.6
531.7
484.5
540.7
522.3
506.2
523.1
500.6
466.3
440.8
445.4
444.1
490.8
431.3
452.E
433.3
435.6
426.4
429.2
449.2
435.8
436.4
424.1
425.4
427.8
425.3
454.4
435.7
447.0
442.0
442.5
451.5
484.0
437.1
436.7
444.7
496.2
464.2
461.4
441.7
451.8
450.5
429.4
479.1
554.5
449.2
519.3
512.8
507.7
502.9
500.3
491:8
Si
µM
181.3
179.0
177.8
177.4
182.7
186.3
191.1
250.8
208.1
217.1
223.0
226.8
229.1
247.1
224.6
214.0
209.0
211.6
212.2
215.4
219.7
223.0
226.3
223.4
219.8
216.7
243.9
205.3
193.3
237.8
192.8
197.5
205.3
200.6
200.2
202.1
203.3
200.4
238.1
195.9
198.8
202.5
206.3
214.4
218.6
220.5
227.2
225.2
231.8
231.9
232.5
233.4
231.8
234.4
238.3
237.5
243.3
240.8
241.6
242.6
241.7
277.3
282.7
187.5
176.2
175.4
182.6
188.3
189.7
194.7
Caspar Creek - Watershed MUN
#
DATE
TIME
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
12/12/95
12/12195
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/12/95
12/29/95
12/29/95
12/29/95
12/29/95
12/29/95
12/29/95
12/29/95
12/29/95
12/29/95
12/29/95
12/29/95
12/29/95
12/30/95
12/30/95
12/30/95
12/30/95
12/30/95
12/30/95
12/30/95
12/30/95
12/30/95
12130/95
12/30/95
12/30/95
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/16/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/17/96
01/18/96
01/18/96
01/18/96
01/18/96
07:20
08:20
09:20
10:20
11:20
12:20
13:20
14:20
15:20
16:20
17:20
18:20
19:20
20:20
21:20
22:20
23:20
00:22
01:22
02:22
03:22
04:22
05:22
06:22
07:22
08:22
09:22
10:22
11:22
12:22
13:22
14:22
15:22
16:22
17:22
18:22
19:22
20:22
21:22
22:22
23:22
10:20
09:20
10:20
11:20
12:20
13:20
14:20
15:20
16:20
17:20
18:20
19:20
20:20
21:20
22:20
23:20
00:20
01:20
02:20
03:20
04:20
05:20
06:20
07:20
08:20
12:40
13:40
14:40
15:40
Streamflow
L/s
6.89
6.19
5.71
4.52
4.52
4.52
4.09
3.67
3.27
2.89
2.89
2.67
2.32
2.18
1.54
1.54
1.54
23.22
59.04
54.74
50.56
46.49
42.55
38.74
36.88
35.05
33.25
31.49
29.77
28.08
26.42
24.80
24.80
23.22
23.22
21.67
21.67
20.16
20.16
18.70
18.70
1.54
48.51
44.51
42.55
40.63
38.74
36.88
35.05
33.25
31.49
29.77
28.08
26.42
24.80
24.80
23.22
23.22
21.67
21.67
20.16
20.16
18.70
18.70
17.27
17.27
28.08
50.56
67.98
82.21
pH
7.19
7.20
7.23
7.27
7.28
7.21
7.18
7.15
7.20
7.33
7.28
7.26
7.34
7.29
7.09
7.28
7.16
6.86
7.08
7.10
7.07
7.13
7.14
7.13
7.19
7.20
7.23
7.27
7.28
7.21
7.18
7.15
7.20
7.33
7.45
7.38
7.42
7.36
7.29
7.38
7.36
7.43
7.32
7.26
7.29
7.34
7.35
7.38
7.29
7.41
7.27
7.28
7.31
7.40
7.29
7.40
7.31
7.28
7.35
7.41
7.29
7.29
7.35
7.22
7.18
7.19
7.34
7.36
7.35
7.41
Na
µM
523.9
527.8
533.0
535.2
561.7
545.2
548.3
552.6
543.0
561.7
563.0
558.3
558.7
564.3
565.7
570.9
574.3
467.8
428.3
425.7
423.0
423.0
428.3
433.9
430.9
428.3
431.3
428.7
483.0
437.0
442.2
452.6
458.7
458.3
466.5
467.8
472.6
477.8
480.4
484.8
475.7
553.5
490.4
479.6
478.3
485.7
473.9
477.8
480.4
487.0
488.3
497.4
511.3
507.0
508.7
517.0
512.6
515.7
524.8
523.5
525.7
526.1
537.4
537.8
537.8
533.5
486.1
458.7
454.3
463.0
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
26.6
25.8
25.8
25.6
26.1
25.8
26.1
25.8
26.6
26.1
26.3
26.1
25.3
25.8
25.8
26.1
26.6
36.1
36.6
36.1
36.1
36.3
36.1
36.1
35.8
35.5
35.3
35.5
38.1
36.1
36.1
36.1
36.1
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.8
36.1
35.8
34.3
34.3
33.2
33.5
34.3
33.5
33.8
33.2
33.8
33.8
33.8
34.5
34.0
34.0
34.3
33.2
33.8
34.3
33.8
33.8
33.5
34.0
34.0
33.8
33.5
33.0
33.5
33.2
33.0
142
Mg
µM
108.6
109.5
111.5
112.3
118.5
114.8
114.8
116.0
117.3
118.5
119.6
120.6
122.1
123.5
125.1
125.1
126.7
85.2
88.9
86.0
86.4
87.2
83.5
86.0
84.0
86.8
86.4
86.8
85.2
84.4
86.4
86.4
88.1
88.5
89.7
90.5
91.4
92.2
93.0
92.2
97.1
158.8
96.3
95.1
93.4
94.2
93.4
93.8
94.2
93.8
94.2
97.1
97.9
95.9
94.2
99.2
105.8
100.0
103.7
98.8
100.8
104.9
100.8
101.2
101.6
101.6
94.2
88.1
88.1
87.7
Ca
µM
159.1
159.1
160.1
159.4
162.1
160.6
160.8
161.3
161.7
162.1
162.6
163.1
163.4
163.6
169.6
167.6
170.1
139.7
123.4
121.4
122.7
119.0
121.9
120.7
119.5
120.0
124.4
130.4
126.7
131.9
123.7
130.4
126.7
127.2
128.4
130.7
131.2
131.7
133.4
134.2
133.9
184.8
134.9
132.2
132.9
132.7
130.9
131.7
133.2
132.4
135.9
147.9
138.9
137.4
138.9
147.6
141.1
140.1
142.4
143.1
144.4
145.1
146.4
148.1
146.9
145.9
133.7
123.7
126.9
123.2
CI
µM
495.6
498.1
497.8
503.9
500.4
512.5
518.6
523.6
540.5
533.0
538.0
527.6
537.2
540.9
544.9
549.1
543.0
346.7
299.5
300.8
301.7
311.8
318.3
319.6
316.6
316.1
329.6
323.3
365.8
327.6
336.1
327.4
342.6
345.6
349.3
356.1
361.8
369.7
345.1
355.2
352.5
387.9
322.0
306.3
310.1
318.4
302.4
315.2
320.3
329.5
333.6
333.4
353.6
348.8
355.2
370.7
364.4
367.0
377.9
377.9
387.4
389.6
396.4
401.6
402.5
395.8
322.6
284.2
283.9
294.6
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
47.6
48.4
49.5
50.7
51.3
52.5
53.6
53.9
55.1
56.2
57.5
57.5
57.0
57.9
59.4
59.9
60.8
32.5
26.9
26.0
26.0
26.1
27.8
26.9
25.9
27.1
27.2
26.8
28.9
26.2
27.2
27.5
27.6
27.4
28.3
28.4
28.0
28.8
28.6
30.1
29.9
51.5
29.7
29.7
29.7
30.1
28.8
28.8
30.0
29.8
30.5
29.8
31.4
30.1
30.8
31.4
31.4
31.4
32.0
32.6
33.0
33.0
35.8
37.0
36.9
36.1
29.2
26.1
26.8
26.9
HCO3
µM
495.2
495.9
505.3
498.9
546.1
504.3
500.0
501.8
476.8
503.7
500.8
509.1
503.7
507.6
517.3
513.5
530.1
541.9
536.1
523.8
523.6
507.8
501.5
510.0
505.0
507.1
504.3
521.9
521.2
525.6
508.0
540.1
526.5
524.9
532.7
533.1
535.6
534.2
566.9
558.2
561.3
783.9
605.8
601.7
595.0
595.2
596.0
589.8
588.2
584.2
587.8
628.2
603.0
598.7
592.3
611.3
612.5
599.9
609.3
597.9
596.5
604.1
597.8
595.0
592.4
594.1
594.0
579.4
580.2
569.4
Si
µM
201.1
200.7
206.8
207.1
208.9
211.0
211.4
215.7
214.2
220.6
224.0
227.4
231.7
233.1
232.4
233.1
229.5
183.6
162.3
164.1
166.2
168.0
173.3
173.0
173.0
175.8
180.1
174.4
185.8
175.8
180.8
184.7
186.5
187.9
190.0
192.9
197.5
201.4
196.4
201.1
214.2
396.1
213.5
207.5
209.6
211.0
206.0
210.0
208.5
212.1
214.2
216.0
222.8
229.2
228.1
235.9
232.4
226.7
229.9
235.6
234.9
242.3
235.9
243.1
249.1
240.2
217.4
199.6
198.6
202.5
Caspar Creek - Watershed MUN
#
DATE
TIME
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
01/18/96
01/18/96
01/18/96
01/18/96
01/18/96
01/18/96
01/18/96
01/18/96
01/19/96
01/19/96
01/19/96
01/19/96
01/19/96
01/19/96
01/19/96
01/19/96
01/19/96
01/19/96
01/19/96
01/23/96
01/23/96
01/23/96
01/23/96
01/23/96
01/23/96
01/23/96
01/23/96
01/23/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
02/09/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/6
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02121/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
02/21/96
03/19/96
04/03/96
05/07/96
16:40
17:40
18:40
19:40
20:40
21:40
22:40
23:40
00:40
01:40
02:40
03:40
04:40
05:40
06:40
07:40
08:40
09:40
10:40
15:16
16:16
17:16
18:16
19:16
20:16
21:16
22:16
23:16
00:16
01:16
02:16
03:16
04:16
05:16
06:16
07:16
08:16
09:16
10:16
11:16
12:16
13:16
14:16
10:35
00:53
01:53
02:53
03:53
04:53
05:53
06:53
07:53
08:53
09:53
10:53
11:53
12:53
13:53
14:53
15:53
16:53
17:53
18:53
19:53
20:53
21:53
22:53
23:53
10:10
10:20
14:48
Streamflow
L/s
82.21
72.62
67.98
59.04
54.74
50.56
46.49
44.51
38.74
35.96
35.05
33.25
31.49
29.77
28.08
26.42
26.42
24.80
24.80
54.74
56.88
59.04
61.24
61.24
61.24
61.24
63.46
65.71
65.71
67.98
77.36
92.22
97.38
107.98
130.33
142.05
160.30
172.89
172.89
166.55
151.08
145.04
139.09
6.38
21.67
21.67
54.74
65.71
77.36
102.63
102.63
102.63
102.63
103.96
103.96
105.29
105.29
106.63
106.63
107.98
107.98
109.33
110.69
113.43
113.43
113.43
113.43
113.43
4.52
4.52
0.18
pH
7.30
7.50
7.46
7.43
7.37
7.38
7.39
7.40
7.38
7.36
7.44
7.45
7.49
7.46
7.09
7.11
7.16
7.21
7.08
7.27
7.20
7.20
7.16
7.16
7.12
7.18
7.23
7.23
7.27
7.27
7.08
7.21
7.13
7.18
7.26
7.24
7.14
7.33
7.26
7.19
7.00
7.27
7.28
7.06
6.91
7.02
6.96
7.02
7.08
7.03
7.01
7.03
7.00
6.98
7.04
6.83
7.10
6.67
6.88
7.00
6.54
6.98
6.80
6.97
7.07
7.01
7.06
7.06
7.17
7.18
7.63
Na
µM
472.6
483.5
487.4
499.6
507.8
503.9
508.7
515.7
519.1
520.9
521.3
523.0
530.9
533.9
527.4
528.7
530.0
534.8
530.0
516.5
514.8
521.7
513.5
519.6
522.2
520.9
517.8
520.9
518.7
516.1
518.3
515.2
514.3
510.0
509.1
503.5
519.1
519.1
512.2
490.9
467.0
443.0
412.6
447.0
486.1
470.9
461.7
452.2
449.1
449.6
451.3
451.3
451.3
457.8
453.0
460.9
464.8
460.9
461.3
471.7
467.8
465.2
470.0
387.4
471.3
475.2
473.9
474.8
449.6
469.8
433.7
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0:00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
33.0
33.2
33.5
34.0
33.5
33.5
33.1
32.7
33.0
32.5
32.7
33.2
33.0
33.2
33.5
33.2
33.0
33.5
33.2
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.7
33.0
33.0
32.7
31.5
32.7
32.5
32.0
32.2
32.2
32.0
32.2
32.2
32.0
32.5
32.0
32,0
32.5
32.5
32.7
33.5
22.4
23.8
22.0
22.3
22.3
22.3
22.5
22.5
22.0
22.3
22.3
22.0
22.3
22.3
22.0
22.0
22.3
22.3
21.7
21.7
21.0
22.3
21.7
25.1
22.8
21.1
21.2
21.3
143
Mg
µM
90.1
92.2
93.0
94.7
95.5
95.5
97.1
97.9
98.4
98.8
99.6
98.4
99.6
99.6
100.4
102.1
102.1
102.5
109.9
97.5
97.9
99.2
102.5
99.2
98.8
100.4
99.6
99.6
99.6
100.0
99.6
98.8
98.4
97.9
99.2
96.3
97.1
96.3
96.7
93.8
89.3
86.0
81.5
104.2
91.8
81.5
83.5
77.8
77.4
77.4
77.0
81.1
83.5
78.6
79.0
80.7
80.7
79.8
92.6
82.3
82.3
82.7
81.5
84.0
84.4
86.0
85.2
83.1
102.6
106.8
114.7
Ca
µM
125.4
128.2
129.4
133.7
134.4
136.7
138.7
138.9
138.9
139.2
140.9
139.7
142.9
142.9
158.4
145.6
145.9
147.1
153.4
142.6
142.4
142.6
161.3
143.6
141.1
144.6
144.1
143.9
143.6
142.4
142.9
142.1
141.1
140.6
145.6
138.2
136.9
136.4
134.7
129.4
123.9
120.0
110.7
160.0
139.9
134.2
131.5
128.7
128.4
126.2
126.2
131.7
135.7
135.1
134.4
133.2
132.4
132.4
157.3
133.7
132.9
132.2
134.7
135.2
148.9
140.9
156.9
135.9
161.3
167.8
178.7
CI
µM
312.9
328.0
345.2
347.3
353.7
359.4
365.7
366.0
370.1
375.8
380.0
387.5
382.4
385.8
389.2
394.7
393.3
394.6
389.5
360.4
354.1
346.5
352.2
352.7
355.8
355.2
350.6
354.6'
361.2
354.1
352.6
354.5
349.3
347.0
350.2
341.4
366.7
371.4
363.8
339.5
310.0
281.6
265.7
421.1
377.8
371.9
350.6
340.1
343.9
340.3
333.1
341.9
347.1
348.1
352.1
355.1
369.6
369.0
365.1
380.5
373.7
376.6
376.8
385.2
386.9
388.2
386.9
395.9
411.3
422.8
416.9
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.81
3.74
8.21
5.77
2.56
9.93
6.32
5.10
3.47
5.64
7.24
7.85
3.68
5.38
4.31
5.13
4.83
4.33
6.66
9.23
4.50
3.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
28.5
29.3
30.2
30.4
30.7
30.2
30.7
31.3
30.8
30.9
31.0
31.9
31.7
32.0
32.3
32.4
32.2
31.9
31.6
34.0
34.4
35.8
35.1
34.7
43.4
34.3
34.2
34.5
35.7
34.4
34.3
34.1
33.0
33.6
33.9
33.1
34.5
32.8
31.4
29.6
27.2
25.3
23.9
36.2
31.4
31.5
30.2
29.8
30.3
29.3
29.7
29.9
29.9
30.3
30.5
30.2
30.1
29.4
31.9
30.4
30.6
29.9
30.4
32.7
31.0
31.4
30.2
32.9
38.6
43.7
53.5
HCO3
µM
566.9
570.9
560.3
582.1
586.1
582.0
586.3
593.5
594.9
591.7
593.0
581.0
602.9
602.3
624.6
597.8
601.3
609.1
637.1
601.0
605.0
619.9
651.6
616.2
592.5
620.0
617.7
617.0
605.0
609.9
614.2
606.6
610.0
605.3
613.1
596.8
584.1
579.6
580.3
571.2
561.5
555.5
517.1
504.4
532.6
486.5
499.2
479.5
472.7
477.6
477.7
490.7
500.0
495.1
483.1
488.0
475.5
475.9
548.9
480.3
480.4
475.5
482.2
389.3
501.9
495.4
532.4
473.9
510.1
530.2
517.7
Si
µM
206.4
214.2
219.6
228.5
232.4
238.4
235.9
240.6
243.4
240.9
244.5
246.6
248.0
247.7
250.2
252.3
255.2
260.5
256.9
249.8
252.0
251.6
250.5
255.5
258.0
259.4
253.4
255.9
257.3
255.5
251.2
248.0
246.3
245.6
242.3
243.4
247.0
243.8
244.8
229.9
210.0
196.1
179.0
277.6
237.7
223.1
212.5
208.9
206.0
205.0
202.8
206.0
205.7
213.9
216.7
221.4
246.6
223.5
224.9
234.5
228.8
224.9
230.6
233.5
232.7
288.6
240.6
237.0
286.1
284.7
318.9
Caspar Creek - Watershed KJE - Pipeflow
#
ID
DATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
K201 05/09/91
8201 02/08/92
K201 02/10/92
K201 02/11/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/12/92
K201 02/13/92
K201 02/14/92
K201 02/16/92
K201 02/19/92
K201 02/19/92
K201 02/19/92
K201 02/19/92
K201 02/19/92
K201 02/19/92
K201 02/19/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/20/92
K201 02/22/92
K201 02/24/92
K201 03/05/92
K201 03/12/92
K201 03/15/92
K201 03/16/92
K201 03/16/92
K201 03/16/92
K201 03/16/92
K201 03/16/92
K201 03/16/92
K201 03/16/92
K201 03/17/92
K201 03/17/92
K201 03/17/92
K201 03/17/92
K201 03/17/92
K201 03/17/92
K201 03/17/92
K201 03/19/92
K201 03/26/92
K201 04/02/92
K201 04/15/92
K201 04/17/92
K201 04/22/92
TIME Flow
L/s
10:00 0.05
11:15 0.06
09:55 0.06
12:11 0.48
02:55 1.26
04:35 1.40
08:08 1.77
11:05 1.65
12:05 1.58
13:05 1.40
14:05 1.33
15:05 1.26
16:05 1.18
17:05 1.10
18:05 1.03
19:05 0.98
20:05 0.94
21:05 0.90
13:30 0.75
09:30 0.47
09:46 1.05
16:55 1.87
17:55 2.24
18:55 2.49
19:55 2.94
21:05 3.16
21:55 3.11
23:35 2.91
00:35 2.81
01:35 2.63
02:35 2.45
03:35 2.27
05:35 1.91
06:35 1.76
07:35 1.65
08:35 1.53
09:35 1.43
10:35 1.36
11:35 1.29
12:35 1.24
13:35 1.19
14:35 1.11
16:35 1.01
09:55 0.49
12:48 0.19
11:24 0.13
10:34 0.08
11:45 2.14
10:15 2.94
16:34 1.90
18:35 1.60
19:35 1.48
20:35 1.39
21:35 1.30
23:35 1.15
00:35 1.08
01:35 1.02
02:35 0.97
03:35 0.94
04:35 0.89
05:35 0.84
13:24 0.62
14:00 0.18
13:30 0.07
11:55 0.05
11:37 0.06
11:35 0.40
09:50 0.09
pH
6.68
6.69
6.70
7.29
7.11
7.15
6.87
6.68
7.14
6.89
7.13
7.00
6.93
7.00
8.99
7.32
6.98
6.64
7.25
7.41
7.08
6.68
6.86
6.94
6.79
6.84
6.69
6.67
6.84
6.91
6.92
6.95
6.58
6.66
6.70
6.76
6.85
6.47
6.57
6.62
6.80
6.80
6.95
6.61
6.71
6.98
7.15
6.76
6.97
6.72
6.53
7.18
6.96
6.89
6.97
7.08
6.91
7.03
6.99
7.04
6.79
7.04
6.95
6.81
6.66
6.89
6.82
6.87
Na
µM
774.0
694.5
623.0
430.1
486.5
487.9
502.3
503.8
500.6
520.0
513.2
528.1
517.6
516.6
539.8
528.3
533.8
530.0
558.5
579.6
518.9
487.4
479.4
438.5
467.8
467.0.
478.0
475.5
478.9
498.6
492.9
485.6
490.8
493.3
512.7
499.4
526.4
521.8
522.4
514.3
518.3
526.9
537.7
581.5
628.7
759.6
767.7
538.2
480.3
561.3
506.5
511.3
509.0
559.5
517.1
529.5
566.9
530.0
543.2
533.1
535.7
583.8
620.7
695.4
713.0
823.7
624.4
692.5
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
23.0
27.2
27.4
27.4
22.8
24.4
23.4
24.2
32.4
23.7
23.9
24.0
26.6
28.0
23.5
24.9
24.3
24.6
24.2
25.5
24.1
23.6.
24.7
24.0
25.2
25.8
25.3
25.1
25.5
25.7
25.7
25.4
24.5
24.4
23.9
24.1
24.4
24.1
24.7
24.3
23.9
24.5
26.4
25.6
26.4
29.5
30.2
22.9
27.4
24.0
25.6
25.6
26.1
26.6
25.6
25.1
26.8
25.7
25.2
26.6
25.6
25.1
29.2
32.0
29.7
36.1
30.3
30.5
Mg
µM
166.0
160.5
177.5
123.0
84.4
88.1
84.5
97.3
86.3
87.7
89.9
90.7
92.0
92.8
93.0
95.6
98.1
97.3
105.4
116.7
98.4
83.6
78.7
72.5
76.4
78.9
78.4
79.7
78.8
79.8
86.1
84.2
95.4
84.6
85.5
87.0
89.2
89.3
90.5
91.8
91.2
92.8
96.3
112.9
124.5
141.6
150.0
73.1
75.7
77.6
81.5
83.2
84.9
87.6
87.0
87.3
92.7
90.1
90.3
89.8
91.3
99.3
124.8
153.5
158.4
174.9
111.4
137.6
144
Ca
µM
194.0
153.0
173.9
193.9
85.3
87.6
84.5
90.8
87.4
91.6
93.1
93.4
93.2
94.2
97.4
96.9
101.1
100.7
106.2
113.6
104.4
87.3
83.1
79.5
82.4
85.2
83.2
85.8
85.4
85.9
86.1
84.1
90.1
89.1
91.8
91.5
95.0
93.4
92.8
94.5
95.7
95.9
99.7
110.5
124.0
169.5
182.3
77.0
78.9
80.5
81.3
84.9
85.8
92.3
88.1
86.5
93.2
83.9
90.6
90.9
94.0
96.4
122.0
145.9
149.6
171.5
116.3
139.5
CI
µM
934.0
793.7
786.4
433.0
388.4
372.5
383.6
416.9
387.7
403.9
398.5
428.0
435.4
430.0
412.5
416.3
483.8
439.2
468.6
500.0
456.4
386.0
338.0
356.8
332.1
329.0
323.2
356.7
382.3
361.8
369.4
360.1
398.3
403.8
360.3
386.3
379.9
436.2
393.5
391.5
409.7
430.5
443.2
525.7
640.6
753.0
762.6
306.6
336.8
348.0
420.7
402.3
400.9
502.0
433.2
454.7
452.4
440.0
458.8
453.6
463.8
455.6
644.0
883.0
881.8
866.1
510.0
719.4
NO3
µM
18.90
29.87
20.96
13.41
50.85
69.47
78.26
100.10
101.82
103.00
107.67
103.14
107.25
95.00
107.59
110.85
106.62
106.60
81.59
69.74
51.03
25.15
36.44
32.38
50.27
60.08
67.56
74.56
79.78
78.72
79.51
80.59
83.61
80.69
74.59
86.82
79.26
75.12
81.46
79.67
76.60
61.92
59.56
19.31
22.50
1.87
2.60
0.31
52.28
27.32
52.97
56.04
49.25
47.90
54.49
52.26
42.32
53.02
49.18
44.14
54.69
4.08
1.00
0.65
9.59
0.00
0.00
4.25
PO4
µM
0.00
0.31
0.00
0.25
0.11
0.07
0.00
0.38
0.00
0.10
0.08
0.00
0.35
0.15
0.00
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.83
0.00
0.19
0.06
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.16
0.15
0.00
0.10
0.07
0.00
0.15
0.09
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.09
0.11
0.21
0.98
0.00
SO4
µM
91.0
83.2
83.3
60.3
53.7
50.6
49.4
51.8
51.1
51.7
51.6
52.1
52.7
53.5
52.3
53.4
54.2
54.4
54.9
57.6
57.8
53.9
51.7
50.7
49.6
49.3
49.0
50.0
49.5
50.3
50.6
51.8
51.6
51.5
52.8
53.0
53.1
53.0
53.9
54.2
56.3
57.7
57.5
64.1
73.2
80.8
82.4
53.6
52.8
53.7
57.7
58.0
77.4
59.6
58.5
58.2
61.7
59.7
59.8
61.1
60.4
60.9
72.3
86.3
80.2
86.7
72.8
85.9
HCO3 Si
µM
µM
382.1 missing
358.4 324.2
379.4 336.9
524.0 256.6
301.8 217.1
320.4 199.9
302.9 193.4
283.3 205.2
288.6 200.8
291.9 206.8
293.7 206.8
284.9 209.8
266.3 218.5
286.4 215.6
319.5 212.3
303.8 215.4
257.7 217.1
296.2 224.0
346.0 234.1
380.8 247.2
325.8 242.6
333.8 207.1
349.7 198.2
275.0 196.1
329.0 188.0
333.1 186.8
337.7 184.5
300.1 204.3
271.5 206.2
314.6 209.6
312.9 200.4
303.1 202.2
300.6 221.7
277.8 199.6
350.9 203.9
301.5 207.2
353.7 207.5
294.2 207.7
330.7 212.6
331.5 211.8
317.0 238.6
324.5 243.7
338.2 225.0
380.6 266.0
342.7 293.1
494.7 326.7
532.3 333.0
447.3 206.6
322.2 198.5
418.9 208.5
268.8 210.7
298.7 215.3
271.3 218.6
234.4 222.9
288.0 223.0
278.9 222.0
347.2 236.6
291.4 223.4
302.5 226.3
301.2 234.3
292.6 226.8
419.1 246.1
354.0 293.1
269.8 330.1
306.8 337.2
512.8 351.1
453.5 285.7
381.7 347.8
Caspar Creek - Watershed KJE – Pipeflow
#
ID
DATE
TIME
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
K201
K201
K201
K201
K201
K201
K201
K201
K201
K201
K201
K201
K201
K201
K201
K201
K102
K102
K111
K112
K20110
K20112
K20116
K20118
K202
K202
K202
K202
K202
K203
K203
K203
K203
K203
K203
1K20102A
1K20104A
1K20106A
1K20108A
1K20110A
1K20112A
1K20114A
1K20116A
1K20118A
1K20120A
1K20122A
2K20102
2K20104
2K20106
2K20108
2K20110
2K20112
2K20114
2K20116
2K20118
2K20120
2K20122
2K20124
K20110T
K20112T
K20114T
K20116T
K20118T
K20120T
K20122T
K20124T
3K2012T
3K2014T
3K2016T
3K2018T
05/01/92
05/07/92
05/18/92
06/02/92
06/18/92
07/29/92
09/03/92
11/03/92
11/20/92
11/23/92
12/03/92
01/05/95
01/14/95
02/07/95
02/20/95
03/11/95
02/20/95
03/11/95
02/20/95
02/20/95
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
01/05/95
01/14/95
02/07/95
02/20/95
03/11/95
12/18/94
01/05/95
01/14/95
02/07/95
02/20/95
03/11/95
12/0692
12/06/92
12/06/92
12/06/92
12/06/92
12/06/92
12/06/92
12/06/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/07/92
12/08/92
12/08/92
12/08/92
12/08/92
12/08/92
12/08/92
12/08/92
12/08/92
12/08/92
12/08/92
12/08/92
12/08/92
09:25
13:20
11:56
11:06
10:05
12:18
12:40
12:17
15:15
12:50
12:35
14:00
10:40
14:02
15:10
17:37
16:30
17:20
16:32
16:34
08:15
09:15
11:15
12:15
14:00
10:40
14:03
15:13
17:37
14:20
14:00
10:40
14:04
15:16
17:37
16:06
17:06
18:06
19:06
20:06
21:06
22:06
23:06
00:06
07:06
14:06
11:55
12:55
13:55
14:55
15:55
16:55
17:55
18:55
19:55
20:55
21:55
22:55
16:35
17:35
18:35
19:35
20:35
21:35
22:35
23:35
12:35
13:35
14:35
15:35
Flow
L/s
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.04
missing
missing
missing
missing
3.19
3.12
2.77
2.59
0.01
missing
0.00
0.00
missing
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
1.85
2.41
2.66
2.91
3.15
3.25
3.22
3.02
0.41
0.60
0.90
1.35
pH
7.00
7.11
6.68
7.02
7.04
7.46
7.20
6.87
7.42
7.38
7.52
6.94
6.50
6.39
6.46
7.01
7.08
7.06
6.89
6.82
6.52
7.03
6.31
6.77
6.76
6.55
6.44
6.44
6.92
6.57
6.82
6.40
6.49
6.47
6.89
7.09
7.04
7.02
7.03
6.98
7.02
7.11
7.08
7.08
7.02
7.06
7.28
7.27
7.23
7.21
7.19
7.24
7.21
7.19
7.14
7.18
7.18
7.13
6.79
6.91
6.85
6.71
6.70
6.78
6.86
6.74
6.85
6.78
6.81
6.78
Na
µM
776.3
766.0
766.3
770.3
788.7
828.6
836.5
814.3
1013.5
817.7
508.9
550.2
399.9
538.1
607.4
468.2
324.4
448.5
302.7
619.8
516.1
520.7
526.7
507,5
545.5
420.4
548.6
632.4
474.3
567.6
564.6
423.6
556.9
799.3
642.0
717.7
717.7
704.7
678.6
674.2
674.2
756.9
669.9
669.9
665.5
674.2
648.1
635.1
639.4
626.4
630.7
617.7
626.4
639.4
617.7
626.4
626.4
626.4
417.6
391.5
387.1
382.8
387.1
391.9
391.5
389.7
508.9
500.2
474.1
439.3
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
32.9
24.9
29.8
31.2
32.0
32.0
32.6
30.7
40.9
33.2
30.7
21.0
21.8
13.2
23.0
21.6
18.3
20.4
16.7
24.0
27.9
27.1
27.9
25.3
21.7
24.2
13.3
24.3
21.4
21.0
19.9
22.1
13.5
34.1
32.2
29.3
28.5
29.9
28.1
28.9
28.1
28.1
28.1
28.1
30.7
27.1
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.4
25.6
25.6
25.6
28.1
23.0
23.0
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
24.8
24.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
145
Mg
µM
160.2
176.8
170.9
164.2
178.0
178.5
189.8
172.8
189.2
185.1
171.5
96.3
65.6
160.2
136.4
92.1
76.0
72.2
72.2
133.8
79.1
78.4
79.6
73.7
109.9
82.4
155.7
138.6
92.3
118.9
105.3
84.8
165.8
169.4
120.2
148.1
144.0
135.7
135.7
139.9
139.9
144.0
135.7
135.7
131.6
131.6
127.5
123.4
123.4
123.4
123.4
119.3
119.3
119.3
119.3
123.4
123.4
119.3
69.9
65.8
61.7
61.7
61.7
60.9
62.1
62.9
94.6
90.5
86.4
78.2
Ca
µM
160.2
165.3
167.0
165.0
174.5
176.9
187.1
168.2
187.1
182.1
159.1
105.5
88.6
124.6
158.4
118.7
114.0
89.5
127.1
148.3
82.6
81.5
80.9
75.0
127.0
110.5
116.6
166.5
116.3
140.5
121.0
113.8
133.8
142.3
154.1
149.7
142.2
137.2
137.2
139.7
142.2
147.2
139.7
139.7
159.7
149.5
132.2
129.7
129.7
127.2
127.2
124.8
124.8
127.2
122.3
127.2
124.8
124.8
79.8
74.9
72.4
74.9
72.4
73.1
75.8
74.4
102.3
99.8
94.8
84.8
CI
µM
658.3
870.5
942.1
1052.3
1031.0
1067.0
1069.9
1027.0
1110.0
991.0
369.0
361.5
217.4
447.6
642.5
247.7
273.7
152.4
278.4
253.9
423.7
322.6
433.7
449.5
377.0
220.8
432.0
678.6
255.9
424.9
398.8
234.9
482.0
687.7
282.6
811.0
870.0
886.0
850.0
805.0
770.0
823.0
738.0
755.0
721.0
741.0
699.0
657.0
652.0
658.0
654.0
618.0
662.0
661.0
620.0
607.0
643.0
622.0
350.0
323.0
305.0
294.0
286.0
277.0
270.0
275.0
493.0
493.0
457.0
397.0
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
36.50
42.90
33.70
48.70
0.00
0.00
0.58
0.00
0.00
1.24
0.00
1.26
0.00
0.00
0.60
0.00
5.00
7.00
2.00
0.00
2.00
0.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
0.00
12.00
9.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
7.00
10.00
9.00
9.00
11.00
11.00
10.00
0.00
4.00
7.00
19.00
20.00
35.00
30.00
42.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
3.00
PO4
µM
0.24
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.26
0.00
0.87
2.00
1.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
85.2
84.7
82.7
80.3
82.0
89.0
88.2
94.0
110.0
93.0
88.0
81.6
63.4
73.0
88.3
69.3
34.6
24.2
33.4
30.3
45.0
52.2
54.4
55.0
86.0
60.0
80.3
76.5
66.5
89.1
93.7
66.5
81.5
83.7
69.5
91.0
89.0
89.0
83.0
83.0
82.0
90.0
81.0
82.0
84.0
90.0
85.0
85.0
86.0
83.0
83.0
81.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
84.0
85.0
64.0
58.0
54.0
53.0
52.0
53.0
53.0
53.0
74.0
75.0
72.0
66.0
HCO3
µM
421.1
435.1
364.3
246.9
330.5
326.4
376.7
311.8
477.1
408.5
655.8
450.1
385.9
527.3
401.1
525.3
380.0
591.4
372.7
893.5
317.4
397.8
299.4
221.7
491.9
489.5
513.6
435.3
523.9
503.1
451.1
473.5
524.2
601.6
799.8
347.6
264.5
207.5
234.6
291.3
330.5
363.3
345.9
325.9
384.8
341.6
312.2
329.9
339.3
319.2
325.6
343.3
302.0
320.8
331.3
369.2
326.2
340.6
262.1
252.8
260.8
262.5
270.8
267.5
286.2
265.4
283.7
259.8
258.5
256.3
Si
µM
354.8
364.2
378.1
378.8
377.0
380.6
387.7
382.7
289.5
276.4
327.6
235.5
201.8
310.2
317.3
227.5
283.8
220.8
286.6
301.8
198.1
196.8
200.2
199.2
252.1
192.6
335.6
310.5
254.1
318.5
244.0
258.9
337.7
342.4
264.6
278.4
293.3
284.1
282.1
283.6
289.0
285.4
278.0
282.5
286.0
287.7
294.5
293.6
293.0
348.3
328.3
286.9
298.6
290.1
291.3
350.3
309.1
304.6
198.1
185.6
176.5
168.5
167.4
164.6
165.4
169.5
238.4
269.2
230.4
207.8
Caspar Creek - Watershed KJE – Pipeflow
#
ID
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
4K20103T
4K20106T
4K20109T
4K20112T
4K20115T
4K20118T
4K20121T
4K20124T
5K20103T
5K20106T
5K20109T
5K20112T
5K20115T
5K20118T
5K20121T
6K20102
6K20104
6K20106
6K20108
6K20110
6K20112
6K20114
6K20116
6K20118
6K20120
6K20122
6K20124
7K20102A
7K20108A
7K20114A
8K20102T
8K20104T
8K20108T
8K20114T
8K20124T
9K20102
9K20108
9K20114
DATE
TIME
12/09/92
12109/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/30/92
12/30/92
12/30/92
12/30/92
12/30/92
12/31 /92
12/31/92
12/31192
12/31 /92
12/31/92
12/31/92
01/01/93
01/01193
01/02/93
01/02/93
03:05
06:05
09:05
12:05
15:05
18:05
21:05
00:05
19:05
22:05
01:05
04:05
07:05
10:05
13:05
16:55
17:55
18:55
19:55
20:55
21:55
22:55
23:55
00:55
01:55
02:55
03:55
23:42
02:42
05:42
09:15
11:15
15:15
21:15
07:15
17:45
05:45
17:45
Flow
L/s
2.21
1.80
1.60
1.47
1.33
1.18
1.29
1.48
3.30
2.42
1.74
1.41
1.17
1.14
1.14
1.29
1.29
1.29
1.28
1.26
1.24
1.22
1.19
1.17
1.12
1.09
1.06
0.52
0.79
2.17
4.80
5.49
6.96
5.77
2.81
1.36
0.74
0.40
pH
6.84
6.97
6.85
6.99
6.85
6.95
7.09
7.03
6.87
7.00
6.89
7.04
7.07
6.95
6.81
6.83
6.63
6.86
6.81
6.75
6.90
6.62
6.64
6.64
6.74
6.76
6.70
6.81
6.79
6.78
6.92
6.96
6.94
6.95
6.89
6.96
6.94
6.90
Na
µM
418.9
430.2
435.0
444.1
438.5
458.0
458.5
446.7
403.7
412.8
423.2
436.3
440.6
447.6
445.8
532.0
552.8
481.5
485.9
503.3
518.1
448.9
484.1
504.6
493.3
480.6
551.1
516.3
467.2
435.0
415.8
391.5
380.6
389.7
425.4
456.7
487.2
510.2
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
26.3
26.1
24.6
27.6
25.1
25.8
25.6
23.8
25.8
25.1
24.3
24.8
25.1
24.6
24.3
24.6
25.3
22.0
22.3
24.0
23.0
21.5
23.0
22.8
22.8
23.0
24.0
22.8
24.0
22.5
25.6
25.8
30.9
26.6
24.0
23.3
24.8
24.3
146
Mg
µM
68.3
71.6
73.2
75.7
75.7
79.4
79.0
77.7
68.3
70.3
73.2
75.3
77.3
78.6
79.4
79.8
82.7
83.1
82.7
82.7
88.4
81.9
81.9
86.0
85.2
81.9
84.7
92.6
79.4
72.4
67.5
64.2
63.3
65.4
69.1
78.2
84.7
93.4
Ca
µM
77.8
79.8
80.6
83.6
83.1
87.8
87.6
85.3
79.1
79.6
81.8
82.8
84.8
86.1
85.8
63.9
91.1
95.6
95.3
91.6
106.0
101.3
95.3
98.3
97.1
92.6
97.6
101.0
91.6
88.6
84.6
80.8
80.6
84.3
85.1
91.3
97.6
104.5
CI
µM
285.0
285.0
301.0
313.0
322.0
332.0
344.0
327.0
268.0
279.0
296.0
308.0
319.0
344.0
324.0
345.7
375.1
360.0
371.7
357.2
366.2
364.2
361.0
373.0
363.0
369.2
365.2
395.6
328.6
305.0
271.5
251.4
240.6
245.1
294.7
331.7
381.8
400.4
NO3
µM
55.00
54.00
55.00
52.00
46.00
47.00
45.00
39.00
44.00
42.00
39.00
34.00
35.00
34.00
28.00
20.90
7.10
0.00
0.60
0.60
1.00
0.80
1.00
1.70
0.40
0.90
1.60
0.00
0.00
7.10
0.60
6.70
21.30
8.40
21.70
16.80
11.20
9.60
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
`0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
55.0
55.0
57.0
56.0
56.0
59.0
58.0
57.0
54.0
55.0
56.0
57.0
58.0
59.0
59.0
69.0
68.6
67.0
67.8
69.0
69.0
70.0
70.0
69.5
69.4
70.3
70.9
68.4
64.1
60.2
58.1
55.5
52.7
56.4
60.2
64.4
67.6
69.3
HCO3
µM
287.5
310.1
297.1
313.3
301.1
321.3
311.1
316.7
304.2
306.7
310.6
321.3
320.0
305.4
330.6
339.3
406.3
366.8
356.2
360.0
424.8
331.7
359.5
382.2
378.2
341.8
431.1
393.9
376.3
346.9
357.2
338.2
332.1
349.5
321.0
341.6
348.4
381.8
Si
µM
236.7
191.0
186.8
190.5
197.3
195.6
202.5
208.3
203.8
172.0
178.7
182.6
188.6
193.2
198.6
242.4
231.1
231.3
228.2
241.1
229.3
233.7
232.0
238.2
238.2
245.0
232.2
244.4
216.0
207.7
193.8
168.9
158.5
168.6
192.2
207.4
223.4
239.2
Caspar Creek - Watershed MUN - Pipeflow
#
ID
DATE
TIME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M706
M106
M706
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
M106
05/09/91
02/08/92
02/10/92
02/11/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/12/92
02/13/92
02/14/92
02/16/92
02/19/92
02/19/92
02/19/92
02/19/92
02/19/92
02/19/92
02/19/92
02/19/92
02/19/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/20/92
02/24/92
03/05/92
03/13192
03/15/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/16192
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/16/92
03/17/92
10:30
09:28
15:35
03:55
05:35
06:35
08:35
09:29
09:35
10:35
12:35
13:35
14:35
15:35
16:35
15:07
11:22
09:26
15:56
16:15
17:15
18:15
19:15
20:15
21:15
22:15
23:15
00:15
01:15
02:15
03:15
03:45
04:15
05:15
06:15
07:15
08:15
09:15
10:15
11:45
12:45
13:45
14:45
15:45
16:45
17:45
18:45
19:45
20:45
21:45
22:45
14:02
10:15
10:28
11:28
04:35
05:35
06:35
07:35
08:35
09:35
10:35
11:35
12:35
13:35
14:35
15:35
19:25
15:20
Flow
L/s
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.12
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.62
0.60
0.59
0.57
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.46
0.44
0.35
0.44
0.90
1.12
1.28
1.59
1.88
2.01
2.16
2.31
2.64
3.00
3.08
3.09
3.08
3.03
2.98
2.90
2.83
2.79
2.72
2.66
2.60
2.51
2.39
2.31
2.23
2.13
2.04
1.94
1.86
1.78
1.70
1.62
1.55
1.49
0.22
0.06
0.04
1.22
2.36
2.70
2.86
2.92
3.05
3.31
3.59
3.72
3.76
3.76
3.72
3.68
3.30
1.58
pH
6.59
6.22
6.94
7.15
6.76
7.05
7.02
7.26
6.94
7.00
7.17
7.27
6.80
7.14
7.15
7.17
7.04
6.87
7.01
7.25
6.91
6.90
6.59
6.68
6.33
6.85
6.14
7.04
6.82
6.84
7.08
6.87
6.98
7.09
6.81
6.69
6.56
6.82
7.03
6.25
6.90
6.91
6.65
6.87
6.76
6.84
6.79
6.71
6.23
6.76
6.58
6.83
6.61
6.96
6.96
6.76
6.30
6.88
6.69
6.83
6.04
6.80
6.73
6.93
6.76
6.27
6.79
6.83
6.65
6.65
Na
µM
773.0
815.0
826.4
708.5
608.6
623.3
623.2
638.9
634.4
640.7
636.9
631.2
663.3
621.9
638.8
628.2
666.8
632.8
605.9
622.6
601.1
575.1
568.0
570.8
557.7
570.7
561.2
538.8
552.4
562.4
580.8
560.5
541.6
506.1
551.5
541.1
537.9
530.0
526.4
550.7
563.4
524.2
540.5
576.2
584.9
578.3
598.8
578.0
582.1
562.2
578.1
584.3
708.7
720.3
736.0
642.9
553.2
566.2
623.6
560.1
635.6
555.4
610.8
540.5
555.6
623.1
559.5
565.0
579.0
634.9
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
34.0
39.2
33.1
30.4
28.0
272
25.9
27.8
27.4
27.5
28.1
29.0
27.9
26.2
28.2
29.5
27.8
27.9
27.9
27.4
29.5
27.1
26.3
27.3
25.7
27.1
26.6
27.4
27.2
28.5
30.4
26.8
27.2
26.6
27.9
27.1
26.5
26.9
26.1
26.6
28.5
25.4
27.0
28.5
27.9
27.8
27.3
28.6
29.2
27.5
27.1
28.6
30.7
35.2
33.4
31.0
30.5
29.6
28.5
29.8
27.7
30.0
28.9
29.5
28.3
28.6
30.9
28.3
31.6
31.4
147
Mg
µM
165.0
180.5
179.5
142.5
115.7
113.4
116.1
117.9
116.4
116.7
117.3
119.5
118.6
105.3
120.1
127.1
124.4
121.4
116.0
112.3
107.1
100.7
98.5
98.7
96.1
96.9
94.6
92.7
93.3
96.7
96.6
95.4
92.6
89.4
94.2
96.8
95.0
92.8
91.2
95.9
99.3
94.4
97.6
100.5
103.4
101.6
102.0
103.5
103.5
103.5
103.0
105.4
134.2
147.5
159.6
104.9
98.3
91.8
105.8
90.9
93.0
90.6
90.7
90.8
92.6
93.1
91.5
92.7
93.9
105.8
Ca
CI
µM
µM
198.0 958.0
216.3 774.8
216.1 1171.5.
168.4 905.3
138.9 757.1
139.3 778.4
136.8 827.9
141.9 809.4
141.2 760.5
137.3 778.4
143.4 816.6
140.9 788.0
144.1 819.0
145.4 828.7
144.8 796.1
199.7 608.6
148.1 820.3
145.6 811.1
137.5 760.7
134.7 732.2
131.9 680.3
120.6 692.8
121.1 696.2
116.1 651.7
113.1 668.3
115.6 641.8
112.6 595.0
109.9 617.3
118.5 632.0
111.6 668.7
114.3 366.0
113.2 615.3
102.2 666.0
109.5 673.7
113.3 697.5
115.5 665.9
112.5 685.3
112.9 685.7
110.7 737.1
110.3 722.2
117.0 682.9
112.2 778.9
118.5 770.0
125.0 712.3
121.0 732.7
124.4 766:0
125.2 775.0
121.6 699.4
122.2 755.4
123.2 719.1
123.9 762.5
127.0 777.7
155.6 928.1
173.9 998.7
174.8 1019.0
129.3 636.9
102.7 615.5
111.5 599.9
109.8 628.3
112.1 610.4
109.9 577.2
109.0 577.9
109.9 558.3
106.1 638.0
108.9 622.1
109.8 606.6
109.9 623.8
109.8 597.3
112.1 657.1
126.4 767.0
NO3
µM
0.00
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.77
0.01
2.64
0.00
0.12
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
1.12
0.00
0.00
0.50
1.37
0.00
0.38
0.12
0.00
0.06
1.16
0.07
0.24
0.52
0.00
0.14
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.09
0.19
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.34
0.00
0.21
0.10
0.12
0.44
0.14
1.19
0.16
0.00
1.40
0.10
0.12
0.22
0.21
0.34
PO4 SO4
µM
µM
1.00 96.0
0.10 83.6
0.00 114.8
0.00 100.1
0.00 68.7
0.00 66.5
2.16 67.2
0.19 66.5
0.00 66.6
3.51 72.0
0.19 66.6
0.17 66.6
0.07 67.5
5.51 68.0
0.00 73.4
0.57 63.9
0.00 68.1
0.00 67.2
0.09 55.0
0.00 52.9
0.15 52.6
0.32 49.7
0.00 47.3
0.00 45.2
0.00 44.0
0.00 43.2
0.00 41.8
0.00 39.0
0.00 37.9
0.00 37.0
0.00 37.8
0.00 38.1
0.24 40.0
0.00 37.6
0.08 37.0
0.00 37.7
0.00 37.0
0.00 37.4
0.08 37.3
0.00 38.1
0.19 38.6
0.31 38.3
0.10 37.4
0.25 39.5
0.14 37.9
0.16 39.7
0.00 38.4
0.19 39.1
0.10 39.1
0.14 39.8
0.14 39.8
0.00 39.8
0.17 54.6
0.00 71.6
0.00 79.1
0.00 60.2
0.05 44.7
0.00 42.3
0.00 41.9
0.18 40.7
0.17 38.7
0.00 38.3
0.00 35.8
0.32 36.8
0.00 35.0
9.06 34.5
0.00 35.5
0.14 34.7
0.05 35.6
0.09 41.3
HCO3 Si
µM
µM
382.0 missing
699.4 328.8
249.7 325.0
255.0 299.7
251.2 266.6
244.3 255.9
190.2 260.6
242.6 260.9
283.2 262.4
250.1 267.7
236.3 270.8
259.7 266.3
262.6 267.5
178.6 275.5
254.0 278.7
571.7 255.7
282.9 270.9
249.2 283.2
270.0 271.9
305.7 261.9
323.0 290.4
252.2 258.4
242.7 277.0
285.5 251.1
245.7 247.5
294.4 247.5
322.5 241.5
276.0 232.3
295.3 224.5
264.3 225.8
590.0 239.1
313.0 245.6
211.8 231.6
181.6 226.5
223.0 267.8
251.5 230.0
218.9 231.2
207.8 231.6
144.3 231.7
190.7 234.5
264.4 259.6
107.0 235.4
154.7 264.6
264.2 269.3
253.0 265.3
212.5 265.3
228.6 270.8
278.8 243.6
228.
242.4
244.0 245.6
216.5 243.4
220.4 275.5
281.4 299.3
256.5 329.8
260.7 323.2
384.9 262.2
280.6 239.7
317.8 244.3
371.1 231.3
303.5 240.5
414.3 238.0
328.9 231.6
411.0 225.0
252.0 223.2
293.3 221.3
381.5 225.9
298.3 227.5
331.3 228.3
294.0 233.5
280.8 261.8
Caspar Creek - Watershed MUN - Pipeflow
#
ID
DATE
TIME
Flow
L/s
71 M106
03/19/92 15:40
0.28
72 M106
03/24/92 14:05
0.06
73 M106
03/26/92 09:50
0.06
74 M106
04/02/92 11:00
0.03
75 M706
04/15/92 10:05
0.03
76 M106
04/22/92 09:11
0.06
77 M106
05/01/92 10:35
0.02
78 M106
05/07/92 14:20
0.02.
79 M106
05/18/92 13:40
0.01
80 M106
06/01/92 12:40
0.01
81 M106
06/18/92 09:26
0.01
82 M106
07/29/92 15:00
0.00
83 M106
09/03/92 14:00
0.00
84 M106
11/03/92 14:30
0.00
85 M106
12/30/92 12:52
0.60
86 M106
05/24/93 11:45
0.04
87 M106
12/18/94 11:52
0,00
88 M106
01/05/95 11:20
0.00
89 M106
02/07/95 12:35
0.01
90 M106
02/20/95 11:20
0.00
91 M106
03/11/95 15:05
missing
92 M10604 03/16/92 20:35
3.21
93 M10606 03/16/92 21:35
3.12
94 M10608 03/16/92 22:35
3.03
95 M10610 03/16/92 23:35
2.93
96 M10612 03/16/92 00:35
2.81
97 M10616 03/17/92 02:35
2.62
98 M10618 03/17/92 03:35
2.51
99 M10620 03/17/92 04:35
2.42
100 M10622 03/17/92 05:35
2.32
101 M10602 03/16/92 19:35
3.31
102 M10614 03/17/92 01:35
2.72
103 M10624 03/17/92 06:35
2.23
104 01M10602 12/06/93 17:24
0.05
105 01M70604 12106/93 18:24
0.06
106 01M10606 12/06/93 19:24
0.09
107 01M10608 12/06/93 20:24
0.09
108 01M10610 12/06/93 21:24
0.09
109 01M10612 12/06/93 22:24
0.08
110 01M10614 12/06/93 23:24
0.08
111 01M10616 12/07/93 00:24
0.07
112 01M10618 12/07/93 01:24
0.06
113 01M10620 12/07/93 02:24
0.06
114 01M10622 12/07/93 03:24
0.06
115 01M10624 12/07/93 04:24
0.05
116 02M10604 12/07/93 12:24
0.05
117 02M10604 12/07/93 13:24
0.05
118 02M10606 12/07/93 14:24
0.05
119 02M10608 12/07/93 15:24
0.05
120 02M10610 12/07/93 16:24
0.05
121 02M10612 12/07/93 17:24
0.05
122 02M10616 12/07/93 18:24
0.04
123 02M10618 12/07/93 19:24
0.04
124 02M10620 12/07/93 20:24
0.04
125 10M10602 12/31/92 14:45
11.00
126 10M10606 12/31/92 18:45
12.05
127 10M10614 01/01/93 02:45
8.22
128 11M10602 01/01/93 11:15
5.16
129 11M10608 01/01/93 23:15
2.81
130 11M10614 01/02/93 11:15
1.46
131 3M10602T 12/08/92 11:45
0.24
132 3M10604T 12/08/92 12:45
0.30
133 3M10606T 12/08/92 13:45
0.41
134 3M10608T 12/08/92 14:45
0.56
135 3M10610T 12/08/92 15:45
0.74
136 3M10612T 12/08/92 16:45
0.87
137 3M10614T 12/08/92 17:45
1.07
138 3M10616T 12/08/92 18:45
1.10
139 3M10618T 12/08/92 19:45
1.05
140 3M10620T 12/08/92 20:45
0.87
141 3M10622T 12/08/92 21:45
0.89
142 3M10624T 12/08/92 22:45
0.83
pH
6.81
7.03
7.02
7.18
6.77
6.86
6.85
7.02
6.55
6.65
7.10
7.19
6.86
6.68
6.74
7.08
7.11
6.87
6.39
6.42
6.76
6.52
6.80
6.82
6.81
6.69
6.92
6.79
6.85
6.72
6.07
7.06
6.79
7.21
7.16
7.13
7.22
7.14
7.15
7.17
7.13
7.14
7.11
7.11
7.13
6.93
6.76
5.92
6.28
6.46
6.73
6.75
6.80
6.85
6.98
6.79
6.94
6.97
6.82
6.88
6.74
6.79
6.87
6.86
6.85
6.81
6.78
6.83
6.84
6.80
6.75
6.74
Na
µM
684.7
695.2
743.6
745.9
834.2
816.2
881.5
766.5
783.3
809.4
836.5
894.7
871.0
974.3
710.7
908.5
782.5
763.4
725.6
559.3
518.5
626.5
577.7
581.9
592.2
582.3
576.4
588.4
590.4
588.0
633.5
606.6
604.7
878.6
852.5
874.3
848.2
843.8
843.8
835.1
843.8
835.1
839.5
852.5
848.2
848.2
839.5
852.5
843.8
839.5
843.8
835.1
843.8
843.8
423.2
450.6
502.8
545.0
590.3
629.4
709.9
701.2
678.1
649.0
631.6
620.3
803.3
585.0
601.1
602.8
615.1
623.3
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
148
K
µM
30.0
34.1
32:7
34.6
39.9
40.2
40.3
36.4
36.5
37.5
37.3
99.1
44.5
42.5
30.7
36.4
30.4
31.2
29.4
20.8
31.6
30.5
31.2
30.9
31.4
30.6
30.8
30.8
31.8
31.2
29.3
31.2
29.8
38.4
46.0
40.9
40.9
38.4
40.9
38.4
38.4
35.8
38.4
38.4
38.4
35.8
35.8
38.4
38.4
38.4
38.4
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.0
36.3
35.3
34.5
33.2
32.0
37.9
33.0
33.5
32.0
31.2
31.5
31.2
32.5
30.7
31.2
31.7
31.5
Mg
µM
125.7
147.8
153.2
160.3
180.1
158:5
172.1
176.4
180.1
175.8
192.0
197.9
147.1
218.0
134.1
195.5
155.5
147.3
212.2
155.7
127.9
103.9
96.1
95.4
97.2
101.1
101.6
103.2
110.3
103.2
96.9
101.9
104.2
189.2
185.1
193.3
185.1
185.1
181.0
181.0
181.0
181.0
181.0
181.0
181.0
172.8
176.9
181.0
176.9
176.9
176.9
176.9
176.9
176.9
84.3
90.5
105.3
111.1
120.9
126.7
139.4
137.4
130.4
122.6
118.9
116.4
114.4
110.2
112.7
114.8
117.2
118.1
Ca
µM
150.0
172.2
179.2
187.7
222.4
195.9
214.4
213.3
216.2
224.6
237.7
257.0
247.7
266.0
169.2
260.2
196.4
185.1
183.0
184.8
183.4
118.5
116.9
115.5
118.7
120.2
125.3
121.5
126.5
127.0
114.7
118.8
122.8
234.5
229.5
237.0
232.0
229.5
227.0
224.6
224.6
222.1
222.1
222.1
222.1
199.6
217.1
222.1
217.1
217.1
217.1
217.1
217.1
217.1
110.0
118.0
137.0
138.2
153.7
162.7
174.2
172.7
163.4
154.9
148.0
143.0
140.2
136.5
139.2
140.5
143.0
143.7
CI
µM
864.0
970.0
984.0
1027.0
998.1
931.3
972.2
994.2
1061.8
1091.1
1043.4
1102.0
1101.2
1661.0
897.9
1024.8
1066.2
1043.8
1067.2
910.6
844.6
650.7
677.8
667.2
666.7
656.7
667.1
681.6
671.6
695.3
616.4
719.9
655.5
1449.0
1479.0
1465.0
1436.0
1437.0
1403.0
1305.0
1302.0
1274.0
1288.0
1263.0
1291.0
1336.5
1382.0
1369.0
1362.0
1344.0
1353.0
1333.0
336.0
1334.0
516.8
574.7
682.6
752.7
798.0
836.7
1013.0
989.0
956.0
918.0
846.0
851.0
799.0
759.0
791.0
829.0
840.0
818.0
NO3
µM
0.15
0.22
0.70
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.45
0.00
0.13
0.20
0.05
0.70
0.15
0.35
0.14
0.17
0.58
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.06
0.00
0.09
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.12
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
49.4
57.2
60.3
68.4
83.7
76.6
85.4
87.1
92.1
100.4
108.0
122.0
128.0
103.0
59.6
71.3
101.3
103.1
42.3
46,8
35.7
36.4
36.0
36.0
37.3
36.8
36.6
36.8
37.2
37.7
35.9
36.5
37.1
89.0
84,0
83.0
81.0
83.0
83.0
84.0
85.0
86.0
86.0
86.0
87.0
89.0
92.0
89.0
89.0
91.0
92.0
92.0
93.0
93.0
27.6
25.2
25.1
26.7
29.9
33.4
72.0
74.0
70.0
65.0
62.0
60.0
57.0
85.0
54.0
56.0
56.0
57.0
HCO3
µM
303.1
284.6
335.8
312.4
513.7
480.6
531.9
413.8
366.4
355.6
473.7
497.6
348.0
117.8
330.9
688.7
247.2
209.5
393.5
256,9
256.8
377.9
284.3
295.4
313.8
325.0
320.7
312.6
349.8
308.6
397.8
286.0
357.7
137.5
79.9
144.9
125.4
107.5
131.8
211.6
221.3
231.1
223.0
262.0
227.7
113.2
96.2
149.0
130.1
139.8
133.1
141.8
145.5
147.5
275.0
278.9
289.9
272.0
314.5
336.6
216.9
217.3
203.3
188.0
226.5
199.5
230.7
242.0
236.7
203.5
215.2
246.3
Si
µM
293.4
321.7
329.6
333.2
345.9
344.2
355.1
368.8
372.7
381.3
364.2
385.2
373.1
353.4
297.8
359.9
249.6
291.1
300.8
322.2
255.3
226.7
237.2
225.0
239.3
233.5
234.7
237.9
236.3
238.2
232.4
239.9
251.9
233.4
299.8
306.7
302.7
339.6
307.8
321.6
310.6
312.1
307.6
317.4
313.9
202.0
329.5
329.3
316.5
354.5
317.1
358.8
362.9
316.8
165.5
172.3
188.3
202.5
227.7
251.7
296.5
276.5
275.0
277.2
260.0
248.1
247.2
234.4
233.3
231.4
238.7
240.9
Caspar Creek - Watershed MUN – Pipeflow
#
ID
DATE
TIME
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
4M10603T
4M10606T
4M10609T
4M10612T
4M10615T
5M10602T
5M10604T
5M10606T
5M10608T
5M10610T
5M10612T
5M10614T
5M10616T
5M10618T
5M10620T
5M10622T
5M10624T
5M10603T
5M10606T
5M10609T
5M10612T
5M10615T
7M10602
7M10604
7M10606
7M10608
7M10610
7M10612
7M10614
7M10616
7M10618
7M10620
7M10622
7M10624
8M10602A
8M10606A
9M10604T
9M10608T
9M10612T
M103
M103
12/09/92
1210092
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/09/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12110/92
12110/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/10/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/11/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/29/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
12/31/92
01/13/95
01/14/95
02:05
05:05
08:05
11:05
14:05
18:05
20:05
22:05
00:05
02:05
04:05
06:05
08:05
10:05
12:05
14:05
16:05
20:05
23:05
02:05
05:05
08:05
09:12
10:12
11:12
12:12
13:12
14:12
15:12
16:12
17:12
18:12
19:12
20:12
03:31
05:31
08:15
10:15
12:15
10:00
10:00
Flow
L/s
0.62
0.47
0.42
0.42
0.41
0.35
0.43
0.46
0.53
0.55
0.54
0.60
0.77
2.23
2.38
2.33
2.29
1.94
1.61
1.39
1.18
1.05
0.36
0.39
0.41
0.43
0.48
0.52
0.56
0.58
0.61
0.63
0.65
0.67
0.92
1.51
2.38
3.43
7.64
0.13
0.32
pH
6.71
6.61
6.57
6.65
6.64
6.77
6.68
6.67
6.64
6.60
6.90
7.06
7.03
7.30
7.16
6.91
6.91
6.84
6.75
6.73
7.09
7.01
6.83
6.86
6.87
6.86
6.94
6.76
7.07
6.93
6.89
6.95
6.89
6.93
6.87
6.92
6.97
6.81
6.88
6.58
6.44
Na
µM
622.4
644.6
643.8
649.8
658.1
668.1
661.6
654.2
652.9
659.0
655.9
654.6
630.3
535.9
525.9
536.8
547.6
567.2
581.6
585.0
594.2
599.4
724.7
720.3
690.3
713.8
727.3
700.7
724.7
697.7
781.2
691.2
776.4
745.1
662.5
631.6
575.9
533.7
429.8
577.1
559.0
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K
µM
34.8
31.5
32.5
33.0
32.7
33.2
35.8
33.2
34.5
35.8
33.0
32.7
32.5
32.0
31.5
32.7
31.7
35.3
36.8
31.5
31.7
31.2
30.7
30.9
30.7
30.4
31.7
30.2
31.7
29.9
35.3
31.5
33.8
33.8
30.7
29.2
27.6
26.3
30.2
35.2
33.4
149
Mg
µM
119.7
127.1
129.2
130.0
131.2
134.9
130.8
130.8
130.4
130.4
130.4
130.8
125.5
97.5
96.7
100.8
103.2
105.3
109.8
111.9
115.6
116.0
141.9
140.3
131.2
137.0
139.0
135.3
146.9
135.3
134.9
134.1
132.0
141.9
126.7
115.6
106.1
95.0
81.4
113.7
102.1
Ca
µM
148.5
157.9
160.7
160.4
162.4
163.7
159.4
158.7
158.7
157.2
158.4
157.7
151.4
125.5
121.0
125.7
127.0
126.5
134.0
136.5
140.5
141.2
181.4
178.9
189.9
173.9
168.4
170.7
187.1
169.7
158.7
169.9
160.4
170.4
157.7
146.0
133.0
120.8
106.3
151.5
133.4
Cl
µM
844.0
866.0
865.0
882.0
912.0
877.0
883.0
844.0
849.0
845.0
864.0
852.0
821.0
621.0
605.0
665.0
673.0
673.0
725.0
741.0
754.0
769.0
925.2
899.7
868.3
899.0
893.6
861.7
854.3
841.7
859.4
808.0
826.3
868.7
757.3
692.6
624.9
562.9
500.3
799.2
715.6
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.71
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 00
SO4
µM
59.0
62.0
63.0
65.0
65.0
66.0
65.0
64.0
64.0
62.0
63.0
62.0
59.0
45.0
42.0
42.0
41.0
41.0
43.0
43.0
45.0
45.0
78.3
78.3
75.4
76.3
75.5
73.8
72.8
71.7
70.1
69.7
68.5
68.0
57.5
53.3
46.9
40.0
29.5
25.5
28.3
HCO3
µM
231.5
256.2
264.9
251.7
236.1
289.6
264.9
294.4
288.6
301.0
276.6
288.4
277.6
302.8
303.7
273.6
284.8
311.1
295.0
286.2
294.0
286.0
320.2
333.3
344.1
314.4
329.3
333.6
423.9
352.5
404.1
383.3
431.8
398.8
389.6
384.6
363.1
348.7
276.1
292.4
290.5
Si
µM
242.2
244.8
256.8
260.8
267.7
266.7
273.0
266.5
265.1
269.1
263.8
266.3
265.1
259.0
214.7
210.6
209.4
216.0
219.0
226.0
222.8
235.5
307.3
300.7
299.3
295.8
302.6
278.1
300.6
293.8
297.3
287.5
286.1
306.8
281.3
263.8
238.7
218.4
174.3
173.4
175.4
Caspar Creek Soil Solutions
Collect
Treat
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Site
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
4
5
6
4
5
6
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
4
5
5
6
4
5
6
4
5
6
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
4
5
6
4
5
6
Depth
cm
20
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
40
40
60
60
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
Date
pH
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/08/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
01/29/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02119/94
02/19194
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
02/19/94
7.52
6.87
7.17
7.14
6.92
6.98
7.32
7.03
6.70
7.26
7.07
6.83
6.79
6.91
6.70
6.94
7.38
7.28
6.87
7.59
6.87
6.59
6.25
6.14
6.66
6.64
6.60
6.63
6.91
6.53
6,48
6.55
6.79
6.80
6.55
6.52
6.77
6.50
6.96
7.01
7.19
6.81
6.72
6.84
6.92
7.18
6.33
6.32
7.05
6.39
6.24
6.82
6.32
6.44
6.86
6.59
6.52
6.69
6.90
6.48
6.42
Na
µM
448.6
443.5
215.9
294.7
201.2
214.0
667.1
378.1
329.9
453.7
329.8
314.6
235.2
222.5
116.2
308.7
451.6
314.4
127.7
456.3
296.3
124.9
313.6
256.5
209.2
355.7
349.3
295.7
283.5
283.5
86.6
124.6
79.7
412.3
243.9
99.3
383.4
308.7
128.4
376.6
387.2
183.1
122.6
137.5
168.7
541.6
231.6
303.6
526.5
254.5
241.8
175.2
76.9
97.8
65.7
401.4
179.8
98.0
264.7
244.8
96.0
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
'0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.34
2.73
0.00
18.06
12.14
0.00
0.00
12.14
14.29
8.40
50.24
3.41
4.81
3.57
3.04
0.00
1.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.77
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.38
0.00
0.00
150
K
µM
323.7
149.0
116.5
121.0
76.5
56.7
163.4
95.6
81.5
101.2
79.0
34.0
160.2
585.7
67.3
84.6
56.7
298.1
59.7
33.1
51.6
51.1
136.4
123.5
58.9
84.1
51.8
70.1
35.8
250.1
55.2
212.1
40.9
41.9
109.0
57.7
19.9
39.9
43.0
104.9
107.4
83.4
64.1
35.0
36.9
114.9
53.1
40.1
71.4
45,0
25.5
176.0
52.0
144.2
33.7
24.3
48.0
52.3
17.0
27.8
32.6
Mg
µM
90.3
115.1
100.4
110.4
90.6
85.1
121.3
105.8
111.7
90.2
116.8
67.4
122.9
77.4
80.6
88.2
76.2
102.4
45.5
54.9
61.4
45.4
151.2
124.3
81.5
88.5
74.8
86.0
73.7
101.6
79.0
63.6
42.4
67.2
103.3
49.3
63.8
70.0
49.3
82.3
82.4
65.2
49.1
57.0
67.3
94.3
49.2
62.0
83.5
74.6
62.0
63.7
80.6
53.0
34.8
58.3
74.9
42.9
56.4
53.6
37.3
Ca
µM
197.7
208.3
243.6
237.8
169.4
164.1
235.2
243.5
185.6
152.2
188.7
139.6
205.7
298.2
194.2
157.4
102.5
201.7
76.5
91.3
79.7
70.3
345.5
289.0
165.7
211.5
181.0
145.9
133.9
194.0
210.2
234.0
90.7
95.5
213.7
83.9
103.0
80.5
70.5
194.0
203.5
176.0
151.8
135.1
154.1
210.9
140.7
163.2
169.3
150.8
140.9
139.9
221.5
196.2
74.3
88.6
181.4
72.5
97.4
73.5
58.1
CI
µM
288.7
318.2
577.6
584.4
216.0
164.6
798.8
720.3
370.8
310.8
320.9
320.6
324.7
365.1
117.5
221.2
156.8
444.7
116.0
142.3
238.0
189.8
1083.1
761.9
239.5
637.5
553.0
311.1
304.9
205.2
103.3
237.2
93.5
234.4
490.0
100.8
186.3
278.2
164.3
174.9
238.2
173.7
102,7
114.8
132.0
579.3
197.5
449.6
599.8
233.5
180.0
72.4
72.5
85.3
45.2
280.0
234.7
78.0
69.0
170.4
72.2
NO3
µM
5.45
1.85
0.67
0.65
1.06
0.35
0.85
0.39
0.00
8.68
0.00
0.38
0.89
0.85
2.26
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.44
0.43
0.00
0.90
1.41
6.62
0.87
0.74
0.00
0.83
0.41
24.77
0.00
0.88
3.48
0.70
0.00
2.97
0.85
0.00
0.00
0.62
0.51
0.72
0.71
0.00
1.11
0.00
0.60
0.95
1.01
0.00
0.00
1.23
1.28
0.00
4.62
1.67
0.00
5.95
2.94
0.90
0.73
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.54
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.99
8.39
0.96
2.08
0.00
14.26
0.00
0.60
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.30
1.28
11.59
0.00
0.00
4.42
0.00
1.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 .
0.00
3.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
30.8
40.9
31.9
31.6
36.2
24.2
42.4
20.5
32.3
73.8
43.4
18.1
30.6
16.8
13.4
23.9
36.1
54.1
15.0
16.1
25.3
10.6
23.5
37.1
22.8
29.8
12.8
23.8
15.9
35.7
9.1
19.1
18.8
26.6
17.3
12.9
10.4
19.3
10.6
32.6
39.9
32.5
24.3
18.3
12.9
38.4
47.2
15.1
41.1
32.5
21.0
14.4
5.4
10.9
18.5
21.2
20.6
15.6
15.2
23.3
14.5
Si
µM
67.8
105.6
66.6
74.1
96.2
92.7
71.8
139.7
180.0
108.4
108.6
110.8
70.0
96.5
114.4
80.7
143.6
74.2
65.1
104.0
65.3
160.0
68.6
65.3
90.8
80.1
139.0
151.0
116.8
60.9
37.7
32.9
44.7
112.7
99.1
56.0
76.9
50.3
45.1
22.4
22.5
1.4
0.0
8.5
19.4
4.0
67.4
83.5
13.8
18.5
33.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
40.4
1.2
24.5
5.8
10.5
0.0
Caspar Creek Soil Solutions
Collect
Treat
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Site
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
3
1
2
3
4
4
5
4
5
6
4
5
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
2
3
4
4
5
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
5
5
5
5
Depth
cm
20
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
20
20
20
40
60
20
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
40
60
Date
pH
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
01/05/95
02/07/95
02/07/95
02/07/95
02/07/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
02/19/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
03/11/95
7.35
7.01
6.58
6.83
6.66
6.80
6.57
6.04
6.45
7.03
6.11
6.64
7.40
6.71
6.63
6.52
6.72
6.24
6.26
6.52
6.34
6.68
6.69
6.78
6.41
6.15
6.12
5.91
6.54
6.31
6.04
6.10
7.02
7.00
6.26
6.21
6.07
7.06
6.68
6.68
6.90
6.97
6.91
6.84
7.07
7.12
6.61
6.44
6.71
6.63
6.69
6.34
6.30
Na
µM
492.8
578.1
298.0
275.3
179.2
220.5
737.7
351.0
555.9
308.0
311.4
70.5
77.0
96.1
168.3
99.2
375.8
221.8
104.4
298.6
312.4
221.9
236.8
157.0
102.8
171.0
148.1
322.1
268.1
254.5
178.9
66.6
62.2
671.9
188.1
134.4
492.2
423.7
426.2
186.9
202.8
186.4
115.1
600.6
195.8
242.8
160.4
150.5
50.3
65.1
175.1
50.0
88.0
NH4
µM
2.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.14
2.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29
3.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
2.21
0.00
2.36
0.00
0.79
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.85
0.00
4.78
1.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.86
4.81
3.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
151
K
µM
151.9
135.0
102.8
124.2
41.2
45.0
176.7
46.0
77.2
58.3
37.6
58.6
188.2
91.1
54.2
61.1
24.3
31.5
44.2
129.5
113.2
81.9
95.3
43.3
39.1
22.0
33.5
82.2
87.8
30.1
37.6
39.2
47.1
22.3
24.5
36.7
25.0
80.0
120.8
76.9
53.2
29.0
31.2
77.2
38.5
27.9
66.5
36.7
101.4
52.7
27.5
30.7
22.4
Mg
µM
120.6
156.8
123.0
126.7
67.9
100.4
133.3
59.2
86.4
89.7
89.3
83.1
52.3
63.0
71.2
70.4
56.0
37.9
43.6
36.6
36.6
24.0
26.9
34.7
26.7
25.2
48.3
63.0
56.4
64.5
54.8
29.7
58.4
121.1
37.9
50.7
155.5
63.2
80.3
53.1
39.3
30.3
40.3
86.2
41.1
49.0
46.3
52.6
36.2
65.2
35.6
18.2
38.0
Ca
µM
276.7
361.3
336.1
233.3
169.2
278.2
267.0
166.4
176.2
194.4
189.4
231.3
209.1
107.5
156.7
92.8
78.1
46.9
59.9
159.9
164.0
124.0
124.1
112.0
96.7
90.0
139.7
178.7
106.0
178.9
160.1
64.8
197.4
434.4
49.9
144.0
289.8
168.7
209.4
147.1
123.2
88.8
114.8
181.4
135.7
121.2
143.2
134.5
153.2
193.0
71.1
24.3
105.9
CI
µM
765.2
1175.4
710.6
740.7
338.2
503.0
1301.8
616.3
799.6
535.6
656.6
102.9
113.7
212.5
275.4
148.9
343.9
141.4
119.4
201.2
220.0
83.3
112.7
35.9
138.9
148.4
153.5
527.1
82.9
195.2
327.0
317.0
44.7
41.0
56.5
53.1
100.1
190.5
135.3
44.2
66.8
67.0
59.1
201.6
47.5
129.1
750.3
125.2
159.3
12.1
10.6
28.5
35.6
NO3
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
40.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.77
2.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.55
0.00
0.85
1.22
6.39
1.98
0.00
5.16
0.00
1.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
53.61
2.67
15.94
0.00
23.85
0.00
0.00
0.71
0.91
0.82
16.47
1.44
0.00
1.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
29.82
3.88
0.72
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.33
2.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.14
12.86
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.81
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.45
0.00
2.02
0.86
1.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4 Si
µM
µM
63.0 50.5
51.3 38.9
43.5 56.4
40.1 43.8
15.4 53.4
11.1 64.1
28.0 48.5
7.4 105.4
33.2 61.3
25.1 63.6
1.5
76.8
7.5
25.1
4.7
7.1
10.3 34.4
9.2
36.6
7.1
41.5
13.2 76.7
20.1 57.8
8.0
32.2
21.4 45.4
20.8 63.0
10.9 48.9
18.6 53.8
7.3
26.8
15.3 47.0
54.4 56.0
9.4
70.4
46.3 45.4
21.5 53.0
53.9 72.5
17.9 101.0
57.1 84.6
23.6 17.6
3.4
27.5
54.0 42.0
58.1 42.6
54.5 41.6
21.4 57.0
10.3 63.7
7.2
47.9
11.0 51.0
6.6
45.1
6.5
61.2
36.3 43.5
21.5 56.0
15.9 86.2
38.4 59.9
16.3 44.3
19.8 78.7
1.5
16.0
0.9
30.3
5.7
22.8
15.1 39.0
Caspar Creek Soil Solutions
Collect
Treat
Site
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
4
5
6
4
5
6
1
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
4
5
6
4
5
6
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
4
5
6
4
5
6
Depth
cm
20
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
Date
pH
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/77/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12117/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
12/17/95
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01102/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02196
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/02/96
01/20196
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20196
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01120/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
01/20/96
6.88
6.76
6.87
6.68
6.87
8.99
7.02
7.06
6.96
6.96
7.16
6.54
6.56
6.66
6.78
6.88
6.84
6.65
6.77
7.02
6.66
6.65
6.69
6.77
6.96
6.89
7.02
6.96
6.96
6.71
7.01
7.04
6.68
6.85
6.71
6.83
6.69
6.89
6.76
6.84
6.99
6.81
6.76
6.65
6.92
7.01
7.04
7.06
7.13
6.92
6.99
6.86
7.17
7.09
7.00
7.02
7.06
7.06
6.62
6.90
7.24
6.70
7.11
6.46
6.65
Na
µM
270.4
231.3
517.8
1121.3
277.4
190.0
350.4
780.4
373.9
408.3
540.0
287.4
262.6
62.2
73.9
82.6
310.0
152.2
109.1
188.3
172.6
142.2
153.9
193.0
347.0
263.9
179.1
283.9
656.5
303.0
319.1
624.3
302.6
253.9
52.6
54.3
115.7
351.7
43.9
76.1
185.2
172.6
76.5
186.5
192.6
436.1
450.0
217.8
197.4
251.3
653.0
340.0
379.6
740.4
363.0
193.5
80.4
78.7
91.7
387.4
173.0
93.0
203.0
190.9
127.4
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.71
3.57
5.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.43
1.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
152
K
µM
132.2
118.2
192.1
210.2
84.1
55.2
96.2
146.0
53:5
79.8
78.5
35.8
23.0
63.2
212.5
380.3
24.0
53.2
60.4
19.4
31.2
65.5
68.8
98.0
95.9
75.7
56.8
77.2
113.0
43.5
48.8
89.8
34.3
216.4
57.8
142.5
34.8
27.6
14.3
44.2
20.2
26.9
82.9
77.5
86.7
132.7
95.9
65.5
55.5
66.0
94.1
47.6
50.1
82.9
44.5
190.8
148.1
67.5
44.0
29.9
49.6
63.7
30.2
35.3
40.4
Mg
µM
137.0
112.3
160.1
179.4
151.4
77.4
85.6
142.0
61.3
113.2
70.4
67.1
88.1
67.9
67.5
80.7
47.7
51.0
65.8
72.8
37.9
35.4
44.9
74.9
82.7
118.5
81.5
64.2
105.8
48.1
70.0
84.0
69.1
85.6
58.4
46.9
37.9
56.8
20.2
45.7
78.2
35.4
34.2
59.7
64.6
104.9
89.7
86.0
77.8
56.0
85.6
51.4
73.3
89.7
74.5
74.5
74.9
64.6
36.6
70.0
66.3
40.3
88.9
57.6
35.8
Ca
µM
308.5
274.3
369.3
392.8
338.9
3.7
210.5
308.2
172.3
222.4
145.1
147.6
184.3
188.3
256.9
154.6
54.6
132.4
110.5
107.7
57.6
41.9
139.7
187.3
209.7
264.1
188.3
173.1
236.4
124.7
125.7
169.6
152.4
161.1
174.8
187.3
61.1
80.3
59.1
83.3
107.2
49.6
64.3
126.9
144.4
231.4
206.5
184.0
149.6
116.2
180.0
103.7
107.0
156.1
135.4
133.9
199.5
181.3
68.6
84.8
122.4
58.9
107.5
61.1
59.4
CI
µM
791.0
563.1
1088.0
1860.5
869.6
308.7
691.2
1526.3
619.0
697.6
477.3
328.7
246.8
59.0
112.5
100.2
297.2
53.8
224.7
114.5
48.4
142.4
112.8
285.8
313.6
663.6
359.3
449.8
793.9
424.9
387.9
724.3
339.4
78.3
57.1
61.2
125.4
324.4
27.7
166.0
120.0
59.4
97.5
92.3
78.4
194.4
187.9
191.2
177.2
126.3
303.8
281.8
254.3
717.1
241.3
36.1
25.3
31.2
52.1
238.2
46.9
49.0
55.4
48.5
63.9
NO3
µM
0.83
0.36
2.06
0.56
0.00
0.76
0.53
0.00
0.41
0.00
0.45
1.01
0.51
0.69
0.36
0.39
0.41
4.03
0.00
0.72
0.00
0.00
0.84
0.79
0.00
0.00
0.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.00
10.41
0.73
2.02
0.00
0.00
20.00
7.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.01
0.88
0.00
3.24
0.00
0.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
36.08
5.58
2.61
5.67
0.00
31.47
1.48
1.40
0.00
0.00
PO4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.46
0.00
5.78
16.16
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SO4
µM
26.5
43.4
95.7
75.9
5.6
7.9
9.1
20.0
6.1
16.2
40.2
9.6
18.5
3.1
4.2
9.0
16.5
12.1
6.7
5.7
13.9
10.8
16.7
33.0
34.2
7.5
7.9
15.5
24.8
8.8
16.4
35.3
10.5
7.4
3.4
3.8
8.0
11.7
1.8
6.8
5.3
13.1
4.4
11.7
22.2
20.3
22.0
9.0
9.6
20.8
33.1
11.7
18.2
31.9
12.3
5.4
2.5
3.0
7.5
11.0
6.3
2.5
5.9
11.4
9.5
Si
µM
41.3
35.6
39.9
45.6
59.4
51.2
52.7
45.2
81.5
48.4
44.8
73.3
22.4
18.9
12.5
13.5
77.2
38.8
30.2
51.2
32.4
31.3
29.5
40.6
37.7
66.5
53.4
51.6
45.2
72.2
59.4
51.2
82.6
23.5
16.0
10.0
34.5
81.5
0.7
30.2
51.2
30.2
21.4
49.1
58.7
59.1
58.7
81.9
78.3
65.5
62.6
100.4
79.0
69.4
108.2
57.3
30.6
37.4
51.6
107.1
53.4
46.3
80.1
50.2
59.4
Caspar Creek Soil Solutions
Collect
Treat
Site
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
4
5
6
4
5
6
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
4
5
6
4
5
6
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
5
5
6
4
5
6
4
5
6
Depth
cm
20
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
20
20
20
40
40
40
60
60
60
Date
pH
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11196
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02/11/96
02111/96
02/11/96
03/17/96
03/17/96
03/117/96
03117/96
03117/96
03117/96
03/17/96
03/17/96
03/17/96
03/17/96
03/17/96
03/17/96
03/17/96
03/17/96
03117/96
03/17/96
03/17/96
03117/96
03/17/96
03/17/96
03117/96
03/17/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20196
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
06120/96
06/20/96
06/20/96
6.85
6.68
7.09
6.83
7.02
7.20
6.94
7.07
6.41
6.95
7.06
6.90
6.81
6.66
6.61
6.99
7.03
6.55
7.04
7.09
6.48
7.22
6.91
6.81
7.05
7.03
6.73
6.91
6.99
6.93
6.36
6.84
6.89
6.40
6.71
6.87
6.65
6.66
6.68
6.49
6.21
6.77
6.92
6.37
6.97
6. 68
6.85
7.18
7.07
6.89
6.97
6.94
6.72
6.73.
7.17
6.93
6.88
7.10
6.54
7.01
6.85
6.42
6.91
6.46
6.46
Na
µM
181.3
188.3
387.0
481.3
170.0
186.5
233.0
570.9
261.7
329.6
723.5
311.7
157.8
92.2
132.2
81.7
318.3
94.8
82.2
190.4
148.3
163.9
183.9
175.7
370.0
343.5
190.9
154.8
223.5
502.2
233.5
281.7
544.8
273.0
155.7
72.2
67.4
69.1
180.9
160.4
76.5
274.8
137.8
110.9
158.2
148.5
317.8
310.5
132.9
166.7
201.2
468.8
203.5
191.7
440.8
224.4
56.9
58.0
46.1
215.0
109.6
61.9
144.9
129.3
80.9
NH4
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
153
K
µM
74.7
84.4
95.7
160.1
51.4
63.2
62.1
88.7
43.5
48.6
98.5
43.0
155.5
44.5
39.4
65.7
32.5
59.6
142.7
29.9
42.2
47.8
84.7
73.9
94.6
137.9
59.8
43.7
59.3
77.0
30.7
39.9
59.8
33.0
158.6
64.2
139.6
38.4
19.7
26.9
51.9
22.3
38.4
32.7
86.8
77.1
94.2
141.9
46.9
68.0
64.1
84.7
35.1
45.41
59.7
30.2
146.6
65.3
30.5
16.2
40.0
49.3
18.5
31.0
36.0
M
µM
51.9
55.1
87.2
100.8
84.4
6_9.1
51.9
96.7
43.6
72.4
81.9
68.3
68.3
56.0
51.9
42.4 1
69.1
47.7
45.3
72.8
57.6
39.5
54.7
43.6
79.0
88.1
60.9
49.8
40.3
62.1
28.0
54.3
54.7
49.8
55.6
64.2
46.1
33.3
73.3
39.1
29.6
42.8
49.8
34.2
64.2
47.4
92.1
102.9
61.8
72.0
45.2
73.0
27.9
55.4
52.1
52.4
50.2
65.6
29.4
39.5
50.6
31.9
72.7
47.2
33.5
Ca
µM
128.2
142.1
194.3
224.9
133.9
166.6
122.2
166.3
98.8
102.2
143.1
133.7
113.5
73.3
65.6
191.0
79.3
61.3
197.3
107.5
68.3
53.1
147.9
133.7
207.5
227.7
161.8
131.9
118.7
186.3
87.8
100.7
127.7
121.4
127.2
198.3
190.8
69.1
110.2
61.8
55.9
68.1
137.7
54.6
166.7
143.5
222.1
240.3
156.0
181.6
136.3
175.2
95.2
112.0
118.1
127.4
204.0
191.7
65.7
61.1
132.8
76.3
104.8
75.6
53.5
CI
µM
118.7
98.2
195.4
249.8
125.1
122.8
111.7
180.1
191.1
224.6
35.7
178.0
79.2
59.3
45.3
48.01
191.7
68.7
48.1
46.6
74.5
53.3
109.4
111.2
220.0
190.5
146.4
129.6
100.3
193.0
173.9
164.6
377.2
157.2
64.2
54.3
41.6
52.9
47.7
43,8
91.5
161.4
47.9
73.5
202.9
174.6
545.7
482.9
178.5
190.0
124.0
414.8
195.4
189.1
341.3
157.6
25.4
50.4
30.3
149.8
32.9
54.9
54.8
47.3
51.8
N03
µM
0.74
1.10
2.39
1.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.84
3.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.76
0.00
0.00
32.67
1.11
1.66
3.65
0.00
1.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
34.53
0.00
20.70
1.80
0.00
0.00
11.18
1.05
3.95
0.00
2.55
4.18
9.45
0.00
2.01
2.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.96
12.02
6.57
0.00
40.93
10.15
0.97
0.00
0.00
P04
µM
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.71
0.00
7.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.46
1.52
2.53
2.17
2.24
S04
µM
9.3
15.7
15.5
17.2
9.1
7.2
19.2
20.2
11.9
19.0
7.7
13.4
4.2
7.1
11.7
1.9
12.4
6.2
2.0
5.7
0.0
6.8
12.8
9.1
13.1
115.0
7.2
9.7
18.7
30.4
12.3
20.1
47.1
13.6
4.3
1.3
1.4
4.5
5.8
11.8
6.5
13.4
3.9
11.0
13.9
11.8
17.0
22.9
7.8
4.1
17.0
25.2
9.8
14.0
52.6
10.4
0.6
1.9
4.8
12.0
3.6
5.1
4.8
9.2
8.7
Si
µM
40.6
66.9
49.8
55.5
55.9
66.5
59.8
50.5
86.8
71.2
7.5
92.5
37.4
36.3
35.2
28.1
90.0
35.2
21.7
65.8
48.8
38.4
5.7
0.0
1.4
2.8
29.2
9.6
11.7
2.8
45.9
16.7
9.3
47.31
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.2
0.0
0.0
44.8
0.0
0.4
50.5
53.0
47.3
50.5
73.7
67.5
60.5
50.5
79.7
35.6
53.4
83.6
23.1
26.7
36.7
80.8
41.6
43.4
62.6
70.1
47.0