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Technology Transfer Opportunities in East
and South East Asian Countries through
the UNIDO POPs Programme
Mohamed Eisa,
Chief of POPs Unit and Deputy Director
UNIDO-Vienna
14 November 2008, UNU Conference, Tokyo -Japan.
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Stockholm Convention on POPs
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1-
The Convention was adopted and opened for signature in
Stockholm Conference of May 22-23, 2001. Entered into
Force 17 May 04 and COP1 was 2-6 May 05 in Uruguay,
COP2 was 1-6 May 06 in Geneva, COP3 was 1-5 May 07 in
Dakar; COP4 will be held 1-5 May 09 in Geneva.
2-
Today 158 Countries signed and/ or ratified (acceded).
3-
The Convention is legally binding, global in scope and
multimedia in coverage. Mainly 12 Chemicals: Pesticides,
PCBs, Dioxins/Furans.
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Funding of Stockholm Convention
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1- Three categories of actions required: Elimination/
Reduction; Restriction; Clean-up/ Disposal.
2- Three sectors are leading the process: Agriculture;
Health and Industry. The Comparative advantage of
UNIDO is in the Industry sector (includes energy).
3- Three POPs strategic priorities of GEF corresponds to
funding the actions: NIP development/ Capacity
building; Partnering on investments (BAT/BEP and
alternatives); Demonstrations (non-com and
alternatives). U$ 250 million for the cycle GEF4.
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Unintentionally Produced Emissions
Annex C
of Article 5
Part II
these are the industrial
source categories that
have potential for comparatively
high formation and release of
PCDD/PCDF
Part III
these are sources that are
also known to unintentionally
form and release
PCDD/PCDF
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Annex C- Unintentional Production
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Part II (The sources):
A- Incineration of wastes including co-incineration of
wastes
(medical, municipal, hazardous, sewage sludge);
B- Cement Kilns firing Hazardous waste;
C- Pulp and paper processes using elemental chlorine
or
chemicals generating elemental chlorine for bleaching;
D- Metallurgical processes (sintering process in iron
and
steel industry,
secondary zinc, secondary aluminum,
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and
Annex C- Unintentional Production
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Part III (13 sources): Open burning of waste
including burning landfill sites; Thermal
processes in the metallurgical industry not
mentioned in Part II; Residential
combustion sources, fossil fuel-fired utility
and industrial boilers; Firing installations
for wood and other biomass fuels;
Production of chlorophenols and chloranil;
Crematoria; Leaded gasoline motor
vehicles; Destruction of animal carcasses;
Textile and leather dying and finishing;
Shredder plants for treatment of end of life
vehicles; Smoldering of copper cables; and
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Waste Reducing
oil refineries.
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Atmospheric pollutants
Industrial
Discharges
Food Chain
Particulates
Sediment
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ESEA Forum Elements
1. Management Structure and Host Institution.
(how to manage the Forum, regional network, monitoring,
information, studies, etc…)
2. Regional BAT/BEP Action Plan
(aggregate of NIP, sectoral, ecosystem based, etc…)
3. Trust Fund
(GEF projects, donors contributions, bilateral, PPP, NGOs,
foundations, etc…)
ESEA Forum Countries
The ESEA countries proposed to be included in the Forum
are the 5 East Asian countries:
1- China, Japan, Mongolia, Democratic People’s Republic
of Korea (DPRK), and Republic of Korea (ROK), plus,
The 10 ASEAN countries:
2- Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand and Vietnam
FORUM STRUCTURE
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BAT/BEP Forum Board
(Member States, UNIDO, SC Secretariat,
Observers)
Regional Technical
Resources Service Centres
UNIDO
Forum Chair:
Co-Chair
Member State (future Forum
chair)
(Rotational among Member States with
an Administrative Secretariat)
Co-Chair
Donor Representative
Technical steering
committee
Representative of Member States,
UNIDO Representative from POPs Unit and other
related Units
Industrial Associations and Private sector;
Ministry of Industry,
Educational Institutions,
Donor Representation,
NGOs/ Foundations/ civil society,
Representation from other BAT/BEP Forums,
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Country
Number of Power Boilers
Number of Industrial
Boilers
Cambodia
166 diesel generators
266
Indonesia
6
2
Laos PDR
None
88
Mongolia
37
2500
125 generators
11 boilers
33
Thailand
70
1600
TOTAL
415
4,489
Philippines
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Installations Firing Biomass Fuels
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PCDD/PCDF emission were determined in order to 0.008 ng/Nm3
(I-TEQ) when firing 50% peat and 50% bark in an
atmospheric fluidized bed boiler equipped with a FABRIC
FILTER.
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BEP and BEP For Industrial Boilers
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1- Introduction per Country (Overview, Data, Type).
2- Generation of PCDD/PCDF, PCBs and HCB.
3- Effect of Fuel Types on generation of Emissions.
4- Estimation of Emissions of POPs from Boilers.
5- Best Environmental Practices (BEP).
6- Best Available Techniques (BAT).
7- Performance Levels Associated with BAT.
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Strategy For PPP & Cooperation
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1. FOCUS ON COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES (EXPERTISE,
SECTORS, MANDATES, ECOSYSTEMS).
2. INTERAGENCY COOPERATION (GLOBAL FORUMSBAT AND BEP FORUMS).
3.
COOPERATION WITH SPECIALIEZED INSTITUTIONS
AND PRIVATE SECTOR (INDUSTRY, ECOSYSTEMS,
FOOD, HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT).
4.
MATCHING GEF AND OTHER DONORS FUNDS AND
COFINANCING (ADB, JBIC, JAICA, BILATERAL,
OTHERS).
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PCBs in Transformers and Stockpiles and
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Stockpiles
ORGANIZATION
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Country
Pesticides in tons
PCBs in tons
Total POPs in tons
Cambodia
25
6
31
10,000
6,000
16,000
Indonesia
N.A.
23,000
23,000
Korea DPR
N.A.
411
411
Mongolia
5,000
1,000
6,000
21.5
7,000
7,021.5
Thailand
36
1,912
1,948
Vietnam
60
7,000
7,060
15,142.5
46,329
61,471.5
China
Philippines
Total
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Registration of PCBs Companies
Owners or operators of industrial facilities/
installations, electric utilities and suppliers who
are in possession or involved in the use of any
PCB equipment, PCB-contaminated equipment,
non-PCB equipment, PCB wastes, PCB articles
or PCB packaging.
Owners or commercial buildings installed with
or containing any PCB equipment, PCBcontaminated equipment, non-PCB equipment,
PCB wastes, PCB articles or PCB packaging.
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Registration of PCBs Companies
Electric utilities, suppliers and waste
service providers involved in the treatment
and disposal of PCB wastes.
Owners of industrial facilities and
commecial buildings containing suspected
PCB equipment, PCB-contaminated
equipment, non-PCB equipment, PCB
wastes, PCB articles or PCB packaging.
Owners or possessors of storage facilities
containing PCBs, PCB wastes, PCB articles
or PCB packaging.
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New Trends Of Technology Transfer
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Follow international specifications as drivers
to reduce POPs emissions and precursors.
Adopt collaborative research to verify
engineering, economic and environmental
benefits.
Facilitate supply of consistent raw material
for local production of alternatives to
products.
For remediation focus on low cost
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technologies.
New Pathway Trends Of Partnership
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Support linking national technology and
innovation system to a large number of
small and medium enterprises.
Support the development of small number
of large firms linked to multinational
corporations and global economy.
Facilitate linking a large number of small
and medium enterprises to the global
value chain of OECD multinationals.
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Useful Websites
1- WWW.POPs.Int
2- WWW.chem.unep.ch
3- WWW.UNIDO.ORG/POPs
4- WWW.thegef.org
5- WWW.basel.int
Reducing poverty through sustainable industrial growth