Carbon Capture and Storage
A Transition from Fossil to Non-Fossil Energy
CRSES Discussion Forum
Capetown 12Nov10
Dr (Prof) A D Surridge
Senior Manager Advanced Fossil Fuels
Head: Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage
SANERI
tonys@saneri.org.za
South Africa Primary Energy
2
South Africa Electricity Capacity
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
00
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
40,000
M AJUBA
35,000
P A LM IE T
KE N D A L
30,000
Megaw att Installed
M A T IM B A
25,000
LE T H A B O
T U T U KA
20,000
KO E B E R G
D R A KE N S B E R G
C A HO R A B A S S A
15,000
D U HV A
10,000
M A T LA
W ILG E
V E R E E N IN G IN G
VAAL
U M G E N I C O LE N S O
K LIP
SOUTH C OAST
C O N G E LLO
C EN TR A L
W EST B ANK
S A LT R IV E R
H E X R IV E R
5,000
B R A KP A N
R O S H E R V ILLE
G R O O T V LE I
IN G A G A N E
GEOR GE
W IT B A N K
KO M A T I
C AM DEN
T A A IB O S
H IG H V E LD
V IE R F O N T E IN
A C A C IA
POR T R EX
V A N D E R K LO O F
K R IE L
G A R IE P
ARNOT
H E N D R IN A
0
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
00
05
10
Year
15
20
Energy &
Climate Change Activities
THREE TYPES
OF ENERGY
CCS
TRANSITION
Energy & Environment
Storage Geological Formations
6
World Projects
SOURCE: CO2CRC/IEAGHG
7
Technology Development
It is not a question as to whether the technology works
We know it works
Been operating at many sites for decades
It is a scale-up issue
Integrity of Storage Site
SOURCE: CO2CRC/IEAGHG
8
South Africa Carbon Dioxide
Emissions Projection
CO2 Emissions in South Africa
DME/CSIR Report 2004
1
0
CO2 Emissions Quantification
Mt
SEQUESTRABLE
Electricity
Industrial
Other Energy
Manufacturing
Synfuel Industry
161
28
30
30
65
11
12
12
249 Mt
61 %
~30 million tonnes ~95% CO2
NON-SEQUESTRABLE
Waste
Agriculture
Fugitive
Transport
Heat Production
Total
% Emission
10
48
42
22
37
6
27
24
21
21
`
159 Mt
39 %
408
DME/CSIR Report 2004
1
1
South African Centre for
Carbon Capture & Storage
Established 30Mar09
Core Parties
Participants
coal
1
CCS in South Africa
Time/Scale
CCS
Potential
Carbon
Atlas
Test
Injection
Demo
Plant
Commer
cial
DONE
2004
2010
2016
2020
2025
10s thousands
tonnes
100s thousands
tonnes
millions
tonnes
5 year Charter
1
3
Mission
Country Readiness
Enablers in place that facilitate the implementation of carbon capture and storage
OBJECTIVE:
Preliminary
Potential
Investigation
CCS Demo
Plant
DONE
YES
THERE
IS
POTENTIAL
2004
Operational
by 2020
2010
2015
2020
1
4
Geological Storage Atlas
Geological Storage of Carbon Atlas
Definitive Information Regarding Geological Storage Potential
Undertaken by Council GeoScience – Some Data from Petroleum Agency
Financially Supported by:
PetroSA
AngloCoal
Eskom
Sasol
SANERI
Inception Meeting – 4Sep08
Launched 10Sep2010
1
5
Geological Storage Atlas
Further Investn
ATLAS
PREVIOUS
1
6
CO2 Geological Storage
Atlas
Identifies Potential CO2 Geological Storage Regions
Launched by Minister of Energy 10Sep10
1
7
CO2 Geological Storage
Atlas
Potential Storage Areas
–
–
Four Geological Basins
Un-mineable Coal Seams
Geological Basins
1) Orange Basin – off-shore
2) Outeniqua basin – off & on-shore
3) Zululand Basin – off & on-shore
4) Karoo Basin – on-shore
Not considered in current Atlas
Low porosity, low permeability and dolerite intrusions
Under further investigation
1
8
Summary
Potential Storage [excluding Karoo]
– 150Gt
– 98% Offshore
Need 4Gt to Store 40Mt/year
Further Investigation:
– Karoo under further Investigation [starting with IEA GHG]
– Zululand Basin to ‘Effective Level’ [UK Govt - end Mar2011]
– Onshore Outinequa Basin to ‘Effective Level’ [Europe Aid – start Feb2011]
WHERE TO NOW
1
9
Test Injection
[Proof of Concept]
Enablers
SCOPING
STUDY
ATLAS
SA Long Term Mitigation
Scenario
Mitigation cost as share of GDP
1.5%
1% Threshold
1.0%
15
0.5%
0.0%
Without
industrial efficiency
-2.0%
10
1
7
8
12
11
9
9
With
industrial efficiency
45
6
-2.5%
-
13
10
2
3
14
12
11
-1.5%
14
13
0
-0.5%
-1.0%
15
5,000
7
8
10,000
15,000
20,000
0 Limit on low-efficiency
vehicles
1 +Passenger modal shift
2 +Improved vehicle
efficiency
3 +SWH subsidy
4 +Commercial efficiency
5 +Residential efficiency
6 +Industrial efficiency
7 +Cleaner coal
8 +Nuclear
9 +Escalating CO2 tax
10 +Renewables
11 +CCS 20 Mt
12 +Subsidy for
renewables
13 +Biofuels
14 +Electric vehicles in
GWC grid
15 +Hybrids
Mt CO2 reduced, 2003-2050
Mitigation costs as share of GDP, for runs of combined wedges -each time adding another as in list at right
SOURCE: LTMS
2
1
Low Carbon Choices
Energy
Efficiency
Nuclear
Renewable
Energy
Fossil Fuel
with CCS
INDUSTRY
Carbon
Emission
Limitations
2
2
Full details available at
www.sacccs.org.za