Disintegrins:
The Challenge of Nomenclature
Mary Ann McLane
University of Delaware
ISTH Subcommittee on Exogenous Hemostatic Factors
August 6, 2005
Snake venom proteins active on the
hemostatic system (Markland 1998)
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Factor V activating
Factor X activating
Factor IX activating
Prothrombin activating
Fibrinogen clotting
Protein C activating
Factor IX/factor Xbinding protein
Thrombin inhibitor
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Phospholipase A
Fibrin(ogen)
degradation
Plasminogen activation
Hemorrhagic
Platelet aggregation
inducers
Inhibitors of platelet
aggregation
Inhibitors of serpins
Snake venom proteins active on the
hemostatic system (Markland 1998)
Factor V activating
 Factor X activating
 Factor IX activating
 Prothrombin activating
“-arin”
Fibrinogen
clotting
or “activase”
added to
prefixes derived from Latin
 Protein C activating
species name, plus designation of
B, C or DIX/factor
based on cofactor
A, Factor
Xrequirements
binding protein
 Thrombin inhibitor
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1991,
2000
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Phospholipase A
Fibrin(ogen)
degradation
Plasminogen activation
Hemorrhagic
Platelet aggregation
inducers
Inhibitors of platelet
aggregation
Inhibitors of serpins
Snake venom proteins active on the
hemostatic system (Markland 1998)
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Factor V activating
Factor X activating
Factor IX activating
Prothrombin activating
Fibrinogen clotting
Protein C activating
Factor IX/factor Xbinding protein
Thrombin inhibitor





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Phospholipase A
Fibrin(ogen)
degradation
Plasminogen activation
Hemorrhagic
Platelet aggregation
inducers
Inhibitors of platelet
aggregation
Inhibitors of serpins
Disintegrins: 80% “-in”
Disintegrins: 43% “-in”
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Halysin
Salmosin
Applagin
Kistrin
Gabonin, 1, 2
Bothrasperin
Cotiarin
Jararacin
Rhodostomin
Crotatoxin
Basilicin
Durissin
Molossin
Crotavirin
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Cereberin
Lutosin
Viridin
Pyramidin
Eristocophin
Brevicaudin 1a, 1b, 2b
Saxatilin
Lachesin
Tergeminin
Barbourin
Alblabrin
Falvoridin
Triflavin
Trigramin
Disintegrins: 36% “-tin”
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Halystatin
Accutin
Contortrostatin
Acostatin
Halysetin
Piscivostatin
Ussuristatin 1, 2
Bitistatin
Arietin
Batroxostatin
Jarastatin
Cerastatin
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Cerastin
Schistatin
Echistatin
leukogastinA, B
Multisquamatin
Ocellatin
Eristostatin
Elegantin
Flavostatin
Trimestatin
Jerdonatin
Obtustatin
Viperostatin
Disintegrins: “-statin”
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Halystatin
Accutin
Contortrostatin
Acostatin
Halysetin
Piscivostatin
Ussuristatin 1, 2
Bitistatin
Arietin
Batroxostatin
Jarastatin
Cerastatin
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Cerastin
Schistatin
Echistatin
leukogastinA, B
Multisquamatin
Ocellatin
Eristostatin
Elegantin
Flavostatin
Trimestatin
Jerdonatin
Obtustatin
Viperostatin
Disintegrins: 17% “EF#”
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CC5
CC8
EMS11
EC3
EC6
EO4
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EO5
EMF10
VA6
VB7
VLO4
VLO5
Disintegrins: 3% “acronym#”
CTF-I
 CTF-II
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Disintegrins: 1% “-or”
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adinbitor
Disintegrins since 2004
Jerdonin (Trimeresurus jerdonii)
 Bothrostatin (Bothrops jararaca)
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Total = 75
Note: No information from the name about
whether the protein is a monomer or dimer
Standardizing nomenclature
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Realities
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“statin” = suffix used for naming class of
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for
controlling cholesterol levels
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Lipitor (atorvastatin) - Pfizer
Zocor (simvastatin) - Merck
Pravachol (pravastatin) - Bristol-Myers Squibb
Lescol (fluvastatin) - Novartis
Mevacor (lovastatin) - Merck
Crestor (rosuvastatin) - AstraZeneca
Standardizing nomenclature
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Realities
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Subspecies discoveries
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Echis….
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Echistatin a
Echistatin b
Echistatin g
Standardizing nomenclature
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Realities
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Subspecies discoveries
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http://www.embl-heidelberg.de
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Echis carinatus
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Echistatin a1
1969
Echis carinatus sochurecki
1999
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Echis sochurecki
2001
Standardizing nomenclature
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Realities
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Genus different, species the same
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carinatin [Tropidechis carinatus]
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Non-disintegrin
carinatin [Echis carinatus]
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Echistatin a2
http://www.kingsnake.com/oz/snakes/elapids/tcarinata.htm
http://itgmv1.fzk.de/www/itg/uetz/herp/photos/Echis_carinatus2.jpg
Standardizing nomenclature
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Realities
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Genus same, species the same, different
proteins discovered
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Echistatin
Schistatin
Carinatin
EC3
Standardizing nomenclature
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Recommendation
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Disintegrins prior to 2004 = retain name
This standardization committee will
determine how many proteins have been
discovered from each genus-speciessubspecies (to get the next number)
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Include the NCBI protein database
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez for disintegrins
named after cDNA analysis
Standardizing nomenclature
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Recommendation
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New disintegrins are named by
combination of genus-subspecies or
species-subspecies Latin name followed by
“-min” for monomer or “din” for dimers
Numbered sequentially from that point on
Standardizing nomenclature
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Echis carinatus sochurecki
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Echistatin
EC3
EC6
Schistatin
Ecarisomin 5 (a monomer)
Standardizing nomenclature
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Echis carinatus sochurecki
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Echistatin
EC3
EC6
Schistatin
Ecarisomin 5 (a monomer)
Ecarisodin 6 (a dimer)
Ecarisotin 7 (unsure of structure; cDNA name)
Standardizing nomenclature
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Gloydius genus
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Gloydius blomhoffi brevicaudus
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Gloydius halys brevicaudus
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Adinbitor
Blobrevidin 2 (a dimer)
Brevicaudin 1a, 1b, 2b
Halybrevimin 4 (a monomer)
Gloydius saxatilis
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Saxitilin
Gloysaxatin 2 (unknown structure)
Standardizing nomenclature
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More realities
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Does not eliminate potential confusion when
genus names change
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Agkistrodon rhodostoma (1930)
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Calloselasma rhodostoma (1827, 1994)
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Kistrin (Dennis 1990)
Rhodostomin (Au 1991)
“-cetin” is also used for naming C-lectin-like
proteins targeting GPIba, GPVI and/or a2b1
Discussion!