WSDP: MODULE 3 TOPIC 2: DEMOGRAPHICS 2. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES (DEMOGRAPHICS) 2.1. The total population See Module 2: Topic 2 Demographics for more detail. In 2011 the total population of Cape Town was estimated to be approximately 3.82 million (City of Cape Town Stats. In terms of population trends, the population of Cape Town grew by 36.4% between October 1996 and March 2007 and by 20.9% between October 2001 and March 2007. In 2010 the estimated annual population growth was 3% (Demographic and Socio-economic Characteristics of Cape Town report of April 2011). 2.2. The number of households The estimated number of households in Cape Town in 2011 was 1 103 182 having risen from 1 060 964 in 2010 (COCT Stats, 2011). The number of households is expected to increase to about 1.45 million by 2019 (Demographic and Socio-economic Characteristics of Cape Town report of April 2011). 3.16 2.2.1. Implementation Strategies: Service Level Identified issues Strategy On a progressive bases provide Basic level of service to all households The strategy is to provide emergency levels of service to all informal The high percentage of low income families It is an accepted that the way to slow down the natural population growth is settlements and to move them up the “water ladder” over time, first to basic levels and then when they are accommodated in the state housing schemes to a full level of service. to achieve an increase in average household income via economic growth. A focus area in the IDP is a programme of infrastructure led economic growth. Keep water services affordable Provide basic free water and an additional amount for indigent families. The stepped tariff enables small users to pay less and large uses pay an increased amount. This encouraging water conservation and cross subsidising small users. By limiting city sprawl there will decrease in the cost of infrastructure to new households in the city. SDF has identified particular high density corridors Managing a limited resource Cape Town being a city in a water scares region and facing the threat of climate change with all indications of progressive increase in average temp over time. The strategy focuses on pressure management, reducing water loses, effluent reuse and protection against ground water pollution. Effective Management The customer profile is examined during the tariff exercise every year. As the number of indigent consumers increases the extent of cross subsidisation between the high and low users is increased. Work is required in the following areas: Clean up data on SAP system of the consumers in each category; Maintenance of accurate annual records and determine the trends in the consumer profile; Determine the split of wet to dry industrial consumer units. Good governance and administration relies strongly on accuracy of customer data, measurement and transparency. There is strategic objective to look at verification of data and resource usage 3.17 2.3. Health issues and informality Historically Informal settlements occurred on un-serviced marginal land (in flood plains and servitudes) although in recent times some infill sites have been targeted the trend continues. This results in damp and often unsanitary conditions in many informal settlements providing an ideal breeding environment for the bacteria. Lack of sanitation; grey water pollution; grey water run-off from taps; 2.3.1. Implementation strategies: Health Identified issues Strategy Grey water pollution There is a project by the CSIR, the City and DWA to deal with grey water in informal settlements. This takes the form of strategically located surface water runoff interventions and treatment of water around standpipes The improved condition of communal toilet facilities A number sanitation models have been put in place. These include communal water borne, dehydration systems and porta potties. On-going education Although technical solutions are important, the education of communities on water and sanitation matters continues to be an important area for intervention community 2.4. Employment and Income The structure of labour demand in Cape Town has not changed significantly. Total employment remains dominated by the demand for skilled labour in the formal sector, with a growing increase. The economy is also demanding fewer semi- and unskilled labour, illustrated by both the decline in its value and contribution to total employment, as well as its negative growth rate. The growing importance of the informal sector is also evident in its increase to total employment levels and the highest average annual growth rate (Fact-Sheet, Cape Town’s Economy, August 2011). 3.18 2.4.1. Implementation strategies (employment and income) Introduced Water Demand Management and Water Conservation initiatives to reduce consumption and debt Installation of water demand management devices to manage actual consumption and reduce leakage Employ and train community people in assisting in repairing of leaks and education awareness Writing-off of bad debt of indigent households on the agreement that they start paying from then onwards The City’s free basic services and Indigent Policies caters for a proportion of the population not able to afford water and sanitation services The proportion of the population who cannot afford water and sanitation is examined each year during the budgeting and tariff setting process and tariffs are adjusted accordingly. Households that cannot afford to pay can register with the City as Indigent. Water Leaks on properties with a municipal value less than R300 000 (previous to 2008/09 R199 000) are being dealt with through the Integrated Water Leaks Repair and Fixit Projects (a programme to reduce the cost of residential leaks and to conserve water. 3.19