The whole universe is composed of SHOs
SHO is system with linear restoring force to original
shape/position
Mass/spring
Frequency f =
1 

T 2
ms 
k
m
g
L

X direction (space/not time)
Longitudinal or compression
wave

Chapter 14
Wave motion-Wave velocity c
c
c
t
Types of Waves – Transverse
Each part of spring moves
To wave motion
Like AM radio
Pendulum
p 
Oscillators make Waves
All waves carry energy and momentum
Tuning Forks produce single frequency sound
c = λƒ
Always true: Light-transverse
Sound-longitudinal
Any wave

Most waves need a medium-Except light
Categories of Sound Waves
• Audible waves
– human hearing:
Normally between 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
• Infrasonic waves
– Frequencies are below the audible rangeEarthquakes or car stereos
• Ultrasonic waves
– Frequencies are above the audible range
Dog whistles
• As the tuning fork vibrates, a succession
of compressions and rarefactions spread
out from the fork
• A sinusoidal curve can be used to
represent the longitudinal wave
– Crests correspond to compressions and
troughs to rarefactions