.
Late Winter 1992 Sampling for '
Water Quality in Three Stream .Segments of the Tualati n
River Basin, Orego n
Oregon State University Extension Servic e
Oregon Water Resources Research Institute
January 1993
LATE WINTER 1992 SAMPLING FOR WATER QUALITY.
IN THREE STREAM SEGMENTS OF TH E
TUALATIN RIVER BASIN, OREGON
by
J. Ronald Miner, Ph .D. ,
Peter O . Nelson, Ph .D., and Samuel Vedanayagam ,
Departments of Bioresource and Civil Engineering
Oregon State University
Funding for this study was provided in part, by the U . S . Department of Agriculture,
Soil Conservation Service, Portland, Orego n
The Tualatin River Basin .studies are being done under a . grant from the Oregon
Department of Environmental Quality to the Oregon Water Resources Researc h
Institute at Oregon State University . Published by the Oregon Water Resources
Research Institute and the
Oregon State University Extension ' Service
Tualatin River Basin Water Resources Managemen t
' Report Number 4
.ti
TUALATIN RIVER BASIN SPECIAL REPORTS
The Tualatin River Basin in Washington County, Oregon is a complex area wit h
highly developed agricultural, forestry, industrial, commercial, and residential activities .
Population has grown in the past thirty years from fifty to over 270 thousand .
Accompanying this population growth have been the associated increase in transportation ,
.construction, and recreational activities. Major improvement have occurred in treatmen t
of wastewater discharges from communities and industries in the area . A surface water
runoff management plan is in operation . Agricultural and forestry operations hav e
adopted practices designed to reduce water .quality impacts . In spite of efforts to date-,
the standards required to protect appropriate beneficial uses of water have not been me t
in the slow-moving river .
The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality awarded a grant in 1992 to th e
Oregon Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI) at Oregon State University to revie w
.existing information on the Tualatin, organize that information so that it can be readil y
evaluated, develop a method to examine effectiveness, costs and benefits of alternativ e
pollution abatement strategies, and allow for the evaluation of various scenarios propose d
for water management in the Tualatin Basin . Faculty members from eight department s
at Oregon State University and Portland State University are contributing to the project .
Many local interest groups, industry, state and federal agencies are contributing to = the
understanding of water quality issues in the basin . This WRRI project is based on all
these research, planning, and management studies .
This publication is one in a series designed to make the results of this projec t
available to interested persons and to promote useful discussions on issues and solutions .
You are invited to share your insights and comments on these publications and on th e
process in which We are engaged . This will aid us in moving towards a better
understanding of the complex relationships between people's needs, the natura l
environment in which they and their children will live, and the decisions that will b e
made on resource management .
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures
. .
List of Tables
• : . . .
I: a
,
11
Sf1d r ?K•: ~ #F -~. •. .!`~i'r, i i . a"f ,i a' ;* tiii i~ is ?f&
'oY tw;f•..Y ZG!
• • .
.
Acknowledgements
v
Abstract
vi
Introduction 1
Methods and Procedures
3
Results
Discussion
Data Comparisons
16
Stream Response
16
Effects of Land Use Type
16
Sources of Phosphorus
19
Conclusions
t
. .. . . .; ., .4 .
. , ;,
References
20
,
. .
21
Appendix I, Sampling Site Descriptions
22
Appendix II, Compilation of Data Collected
25
' LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 : Schematic Location of Simpling Sites
4
Figure 2: Relative Flow Rates, March and April, 1992 18
lll
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 : Daily Rainfall Data for Hillsboro, Orego n
during March and April, 1992
9
Table 2 : Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, Fanno Creek a t
Durham Road, Sampling Point 1, USA Location 3840012 (1) . . . . 10.
Table 3: Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, Fanno Creek at Scholl s
Ferry Road near Nimbus, Sampling Point 2 ,
USA Location 3840066 (1)
10
Table 4 : Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, Fanno Creek at Scholl s
Ferry Road near Allen Blvd, Sampling Point 3 ,
USA Location 3840095 (1)
11
Table 5 : Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, Dairy Creek at Highway 8 ,
Sampling Point 4, USA Location 3815021 (1) 11
Table 6: Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, McKay Creek a t
Hornecker Road, Sampling Point 5 ,
USA Location 3816020 (1)
12
Table 7: Summary of Daily Walter Quality Data, McKay Creek at
Northrup Road, Sampling Point 6, USA Location 3816160 12
Table 8 : Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, Upper McKay Creek ,
Sampling Point 7, ODF Station 11 (1)
13
Table 9 : Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, East Fork of Dairy Cree k
at Roy Road, Sampling Point 8, USA Location 3818014 (1) 13
Table 10 : Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, East Fork of Dairy Creek
at Dairy Creek Road, Sampling Point 9, USA Location 3818084 . . 14
Table 11 : Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, East Fork of Dairy Cree k
at Fern Flat Road (Snoozville), Sampling Point 10 ,
ODF Location (1)
14
Table 12 : Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, West Fork .of Dairy Creek
at Evers Road, Sampling Point 11 ,
USA Location 381702b (1)
15-
iv
Table 13 : Average Flow Rates (cfs) at Selected Locations in th e
Tualatin River Basin during March and April 1992
15
Table 14 : Results from USA Analyses of Samples ,
Dairy Creek at Highway 9
17
/r .
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish, to express appreciation to Clark Watts, Oregon Stat e
VniVersity student for his assistance with the weekly sampling ; to Jane Blair and Wes
Jarrell, Oregon Graduate Institute for .their assistance in sampling the forested portion of
the basin ; and to Dean Hansen, Soil Science Laboratory at Oregon State University fo r
management of the analyses . This study received help, especially wise counsel, from the
Tualatin River Technical Advisory Committee of the Washington County Soil and Wate r
Conservation .District.
t
vi
ABSTRAC T
The Tualatin River Basin in Washington County, Oregon has been identifie d
by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) as "Water Quality Limited . "
Algal blooms have become commonplace in the lower reaches of ,the river durin g
summer months . Phosphorus has been identified as the nutrient upon which to bas e
allowable Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) .
Water quality data have been collected from the Tualatin River and it s
tributaries for the period of May through October for each of the past several years .
Samples from the main stem of the river have also been collected during the winter
months on a less frequent basis . There are very few data, however, from the tributarie s
for the winter months .
This study was planned to collect water samples from three of the Tualati n
River tributaries during the months of March and April, 1992 . These tributaries wer e
selected to represent the three major land uses within the basin : urban, agricultural, and
forestry .
Weekly samples were taken from Dairy, McKay, and Fanno Creeks . Multipl e
samples were collected on each sampling date to establish the extent to which short ter m
variability would affect interpretation of the results .
Total (TP) and orthophosphate (OP) concentrations on the East and West For k
of Dairy creek were essentially constant over time and sampling site ; averaging 0 .05 and
0 .02 mg/l respectively . McKay Creek samples showed 0 .01 mg/I OP, with TP
increasing from 0 .02 to 0.045 mg/I downstream. The values did not change with time .
The Dairy Creek samples showed 0 .025 OP and 0 .065 TP, constant with sampling time .
Fanno Creek had average values of 0 .035 OP and 0 .09 TP, which increased with time,
but were constant across sampling sites . Total solids and suspended solids were highes t
in Fanno Creek and lowest in McKay Creek . Suspended solids decreased downstream
in Fanno Creek, and total solids increased for McKay Creek . Flow responded to
rainfall, but no erosion events were recorded during this sampling period .
INTRODUCTION
The Tualatin River Basin in Washington County, Oregon has been identifie d
by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality "(DEQ) as water quality limited. Present management practices have not maintained water quality suitable for the desire d
beneficial uses . Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) have been established by the
DEQ for various segments of the river and its tributaries .
Recent increases in population in this area, along with the associated
commercial and industrial development, and intensive agricultural and forestry activitie s
are all considered potential contributors to water quality decreases in the Basin . In spite
of the many measures taken to ensure water quality in the river, the . regulatory standards
have not been met . The generally accepted way_ to control algal growth is to contro l
phosphate concentrations in the water . Therefore, the emphasis has been on TMDL fo r
phosphate.
Point sources of phosphate are primarily sewage treatment plants . Technolog y
for removal of phosphorus from waste water is available and is being used to minimiz e
the phosphorus concentrations in effluents during summer months . Because point sources
are coming under control, attention is now being focused on land management activitie s
in different parts of the basin as a possible source of pollution . For noiapoint sources ,
the identification of sources and mode of transport must be known . Phosphorus may b e
released during the summer or it may be . stored in the basin from releases during the
winter, and then become available in the lower main stem during the summer .
Monitoring of the Tualatin River and its tributaries has been underway fo r
several years . Samples have been collected from the main stem and major tributaries on,
a weekly basis from May through October, the TMDL regulated period . Main stem an d
major tributaries. (lower reach) samples have been collected on a less frequent basi s
during the winter months . The upstream segments of the tributaries have not been
sampled on a regular basis during the November through April period .
2
The purpose of this paper is to report results of field sampling of Tualati n
River tributaries : Dairy, McKay, and Fanno Creeks during March and April of 192.
The following were the specific objectives :
1.
To measure phosphorus concentrations and loads in these tributarie s
during late winter flow conditions .
2.
To assess possible associations of land use 'with quality degradatio n
(phosphorus -loads) .
-
3.
To identify the sources and modes by which phosphorus enters the
tributary streams, and their responsibility for, elevated phosphorus
levels found in the river.
4.
To determine whether phosphorus loading to the river during, 'the
winter months could be causing higher phosphorus levels duiiag
summer .
3
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
The streams were sampled during March and April, 1992 . Major emphasi s
was placed on the Dairy-McKay drainage basin in designing the sampling progra m
because of its importance in agricultural and forestry production . This is also the site
of the Hydrologic Unit Area (HUA) project sponsored by the U.S . Department of
Agriculture . Samples were also collected from Fanno Creek (Beaverton-Durham urba n
area) to provide a basis for land use comparison among forestry, agricultural, and urban .
The Dairy-McKay drainage basin has two tributaries of the Tualatin River -McKay Creek, and Dairy Creek . Dairy Creek splits into West Fork Dairy Creek and
East Fork Dairy Creek . Both tributaries have their headwaters in forested areas . In the
lower reaches, Dairy and McKay Creeks flow through predominantly agricultural lands .
Fanno Creek flows through the Beaverton area, a highly developed urban residentia l
area.
Eleven sampling sites were chosen with the guidance of the Tualatin Rive r
Advisory Committee (TRAC) . These sites are the same as those sampled during May
through October by the Unified Sewerage Agency (USA) and the Oregon Department o f
Forestry (ODF) . The corresponding USA site numbers are listed in Figure 1 . Eight
sampling sites were located in the Dairy-McKay basin, three along Fanno Creek. Th e
sites were selected to reflect water quality from the head waters to the point of drainin g
into the Tualatin River . The Fanno Creek sites were all located in the Beaverton urban
area . Based on land use in the vicinity of the sampling sites, three sites were in forested
areas, five in agricultural areas and three were in urban areas .
Samples were collected on Tuesdays each week during March and April 199 2
and coordinated with the sampling of other agencies including the Unified Sewerag e
Agency, the Tualatin Valley Irrigation District, the Oregon Department of Forestry, an d
the U. S . Geological Survey (USGS) for comparison purposes . The sampling sites ar e
defined in more detail in Appendix I.
Figure 1
Schematic Location of Samii 'ling Sites
Identification of Sampling Point s
I . Fanno Creek at Durham Road, river mile 1 .2 (USA 3840012)
2. Fanno Creek at Nimbus, river mile 6 .6 (USA 3840066)
3. Fanno Creek at Allen Boulevard, river mile 9 .5 (USA 3840095)
4. Dairy Creek at Hwy 8, river mile 2 .1 (USA 3815021)
5. McKay Creek at Hornecker Road, rive mile 2 .0 (USA 3816020)
6. McKay Creek at Northrup Road, river mile 16 .0 (USA3816160)
7. Upper McKay Creek
8. East Fork Dairy Creek at Roy Road, river mile 1 .4 (USA 3818014)
9. East Fork Dairy Creek at Dairy Creek Road, river mile 8 .4
(USA 3818084)
10. Fast Fork Dairy Creek at Fern Flat Road (Snoozville)
11. West Fork Dairy Creek at Evers Road, river mile 2 .0 (USA 3817020)
5
Both OSU and Oregon Graduate Institute (OGI) personnel participated i n
collection of samples . Oregon Graduate Institute personnel sampled the upper reache s
of Dairy and McKay Creeks, sites 6, 7, and 10 .
At least two samples were taken at each station each sampling day . The sites
on the lower reaches of Dairy and McKay Creeks were sampled three times a day . The
sampling frequency (two to three times a day) within . ;each sampling day was, in part,
determined by the logistics of the field work . The reasons for sampling more than once
at a given station were to define variation during the course of the day .
Samples were collected from the center of the streams approximately six inche s
below the surface. The samples for soluble ortho phosphate (OP) were filtered throug h
0.45 micron filters at the sampling site . Samples were collected in washed polyethylen e
bottles and transported to Corvallis for analysis the following day .
Standard field measurements were made at the site of the water sample
collection . The following field measurements were made :
1.
'pH. A sample of water was taken in a beaker and the pH was
measured using a portable electronic meter . The readings were
temperature compensated . The instrument was calibrated several' times
daily using a buffer solution .
2.
Electrical conductivity (EC) . The measuring probe of a portable E C
meter was immersed in a beaker containing the water sample and th e
measurement was read on the analog scale . Two different instrument s
were used because of equipment problems .
3.
Water temperature . Both the pH and the conductivity meters had
temperature measurement features on them . Temperature readings
were taken from the conductivity meter except when it failed to work .
4.
River gauge reading (except for Fanno Creek at Nimbus) . Visual
readings, aided by binoculars, were made of the staff gauge an d
recorded in the field notebook : The staff gauge readings were used to
estimate flow rates from the expanded table ratings provided by th e
Oregon Water Resources Department, Tualatin River District ,
Hillsboro .
6
For the sites sampled by Oregon Graduate Institute personnel (Upper McKay ,
East Fork of Dairy Creek at Fern Flat Road, and McKay at Northrup Road), pH an d
conductivity measurements were made in the laboratory and stream flows were measure d
directly using a velocity meter .
The following analyses were conducted in the Soil Science Departmen t
Analytical Laboratory at the Oregon State University Campus in Corvallis :
*
*
*
*
Total solids (TS)
Total suspended solids (TSS)
Soluble Ortho-phosphorus (OP)
Total phosphorus (TP)
Total and suspended solids analyses were conducted in accordance with Standar d
Methods (American Public Health, 1985) . Suspended solids were collected on a 4 .7 cm
diameter Watman 934-AH filter .
Ortho phosphorus analyses were run using an Alpkem RFA 300 continuou s
flow analyzer. The phosphoantimony-molybdenum complex colormetric technique fo r
low levels of phosphorus was employed . The technique used is similar to the Automate d
Ascorbic Acid Reduction Method described in Standard Methods (1989) .
Total phosphorus samples were first digested using the Ammonium Persulfat e
Method as outlined in Standard Methods. After digestion, samples were analyze d
similarly to the ortho phosphorus samples . Quality control analyses indicates thes e
methods have a lower level of detectibility of 0 .01 mg/l, a variability of 0.02 mg/ l
between laboratories, and a reproducibility of no less than 0 .01 mg/1 for a single
laboratory .
7
RESULTS
Detailed measurements are presented in tables in Appendix 2 . Graphs an d
summary tables will be used in discussing the data . Averages for daily samples are used.
Table 1 shows rainfall measured at Hillsboro during the study period .
Fanno Creek
The Fanno Creek sites were sampled twice daily, once in the morning an d
again in late afternoon . The results are summarized in Tables 2, .3, and 4 . The sites are
similar for any one day . An event occurred between March 17 and 24 to raise pH an d
conductivity . This was not related to a rainfall event but to the escape of collecte d
sediment due to construction at an upstream golf club .
The lower Dairy Creek sampling points were sampled three times daily . The
upper sites were sampled twice . Results are summarized in Tables 5, 9, 10, 11, and 12 .
Total suspended solids varied with time and location reflecting the specific
event that added solids to the stream . Morning and afternoon samples sometimes showe d
large differences especially during the first two samplings . Some of the differences can
be related to rainfall .
Ortho phosphorus accounts for most of the phosphorus, and occurs at averag e
concentrations of 0 .03 mg/1, with an indication of increase with time . A high loading
of total phosphorus occurred on April 14, not apparently related to solids or to rainfall .
Dairy Creek
The pH values were between 7 and 7 .5, with a tendency to decrease with time .
Values of 8 at the first two sampling dates at site 10 may have resulted from differen t
methods, the first two values were from field measurements, later :ones from the
laboratory .
Values of electrical conductivity averaged about 40 mieromhos per centimeter ,
with values from the West Fork site almost twice as high (Figure 8) . Suspended solids
were also higher at this site (Figure 9) . The high value on April 07 could be related to
rainfall. Average ortho and total phosphate concentrations were 0 .02 and 0.025 mg/1,
with site 10 having significantly higher values ; averaging 0.0235 and 0 .04.
8
McKay Creek
The upper sample at McKay Creek (Site 7) had low pH values of about 6 .5
(Fable 8) . The next lower site (Site 6) started at 7 .5, and decreased with time to 6 .5 .
The pH at the lower site varied from 7 .2 to 7 .7 . The increase of pH downstream wa s
also seen in Dairy Creek but the changes were not as large .
The changes in electrical conductivity were the same as the pH changes ,
increasing downstream (Tables 6, 7, and 8) . The downstream site had electrical
conductivity values four times larger than the most upstream site (Site 7) . The upstream
site had the lowest conductivity values measured in this study . The same was true for
suspended solids . Values increased from 2 mg/1 in upper McKay Creek to an average
of 8 mg/1 below the confluence with Dairy Creek .
Orthophosphate values for the upper sites are low, averaging 0 .005 mg/1 .
Values are four times larger at the downstream sites . Both ortho and total phosphat e
concentrations show only limited variability . The increases do not appear to be relate d
to rainfall.
Stream Respons e
Table 2 has calculated flow rates, and Figure 19 shows the relationship of flo w
, rate to precipitation .
9
Table 1
Daily Rainfall Data for Hillsboro, Oregon during March and April, 199 2
Date
March
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1&
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Rainfal l
Inches
0
0
0 .05
0 .04
0 .52
0 .28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0
0 .14
Q
0 .05
0 .09
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
Date
April 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16_
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Rainfal l
Inche s
0
0
0
0 .02
0 .28
0 .3 5
0
0
0 .78
0.1
0
0 .2
0. .3 2
0,.18
0 .0 3
0 .31
0 .32
0 .08
0
0
0
0 .0 3
0 .0 1
0
0
0
0 .1 1
.0
:0 .5 8
0 .36
10
Table 2
Summary of Daily Water QQualit Data, Fanno Creek at Durham Road, Sampling
Point 1, USA Location 384(1012 ( )
DATE
pH
EC
TS
mg/ I.
195
124
11 .25
0 .02
0 .0 3
230
160
4 .0
0 .02
0 .0 7
umhos/cm
TSS
mg/1
0.2P04
mg/1
TP
mg/ 1
Mar 17
7 .41
Mar 24
8 .02
Mar 31
8. .15
220
170
2 .75
0 .02
0 .08.
Apr
7
7 .65
110
128
8 .75
0 .03
0 .0 5
Apr 14
7 .45
187
160
13 .75
0 .04
0 .1 0
Apr 21
7 .55
147
152
21 .25
0 .04
0 .1 1
Apr 28
7 .48
200
154
6 .50
0 .04
0 .1 0
.
1 . Average' of two samples daily .
Table 3
Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, Fanno Creek at Scholls Ferry Road nea r
Nimbus, Sampling Point 2, USA Location 3840066 (1)
pH
EC
umhos/cm
Mar 17(2)
7 .42
164
186
59 .25
0 .03
0 .0 3
Mar 24(2)
8 .06
370
310
12 .5
0 .03
0 .0 7
Mar 31
7 .98
210
176
10 .75
0 .04
0 .0,E
Apr
7
7 .68
140 .
146
9 .25
0 .04
0 .0 5
Apr 14
7 .41
195
160
17 .75
0-.04
0 .0 9
Apr 21
7 .48
176
176
32 .50
0 .05
0 .0 9
Apr 28
7 .42
194
156
15 .00
0 .05
0 .1 1
-
DATE
TS
mg/1
TS S
mg/1
O-PO 4
mg/1
TP
mg/ 1
1 . Average of two samples daily .
2 . Morning and afternoon TS concentrations differed by a
factor of 2 .0 or more .
11
Table 4
Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, Fanno Creek at Scholls Ferry Road nea r
Allen Blvd, Sampling Point 3, USA Location 3840095 (1 )
pH
EC
umhos/cm
Mar 17(2)
7 .30
142
606
24 .0
0 .02
0 .0 2
Mar 24(2)
8 .25
420
424
31 .0
0 .03
0 .0 8
Mar 31
8 .12
188
160
20 .5
0 .04
0 .0 9
Apr
7
7 .72
120(3)
118
12 .75
0 .03
0 .0 5
Apr 14
7 .41
155
150
24 .0
0 .04
0 .1 0
Apr 21
7 .45
130
182
29 .0
0 .04
0 .0 9
Apr 28
7 .48
162
152
33 .75
0 .03
0 .1 1
DATE
TS
mg/1
TSS
mg/1
O-PO 4
mg/1
TP
mg/ 1
1. Average of two samples daily .
2 . Morning and afternoon TS concentrations differed by a
factor of 2 .0 or more .
Table 5
Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, Dairy Creek at Highway 8, Sampling Poin t
4, USA Location 3815021 (1 )
pH
EC
umhos/cm
Mar 17(2)
7 .35
110
80
12 .25
0 .03
0 .0 2
Mar 24
7 .63
104
77 .3
8 .8
0 .04
0 .0 7
Mar 31
7 .50
92
74 .7
7 .5
0 .02
0 .0 6
Apr
7
7 .57
76
65 .3
5 .5
0 .03
0 .0 2
Apr 14
7 .38
110
100
8 .3
0 .03
0 .0 7
Apr 21
7 .38
65
81 .3
19 .67
0 .02
0 .0 6
Apr 28
7 .16
82
65 .3
11 .5
0 .02
0 .06
DATE
TS
mg/1
TS S
mg/1
1. Average of three samples daily .
2. Represents an average of two samples .
O-PO 4
mg/1
fP
mg/ 1
12
Table 6
Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, McKay Creek at Hornecker Road .
Sampling Point 5, USA Location 3816020 1 )
pH
Mar 17(2)
7 .42
115
70
3 .25
0 .02
0 .0 3
Mar 24
7 .74
121
81
2 .2_
0 .02 '
0 .0 5
Mar 31
7 .61
90
. 71
1 .7 ' '
0 .01
0 .0 5
7
7 .69
83
65
2 .2
0 .02
0 . 0.2
Apr 14
7 .49
135
99
3 .2
0 .02
0 .0 6
Apr 21
7 .43
67
53
6 .3
- 0 .01
D .0 5
Apr 28
7 .23
85
64
2 .3
0 .02
0 .0 5
DATE
Apr
TS
mg/1
TS S
mg/1
O-PO 4
mg/1
TP
mg/ 1
EC
umhos/cm
1. Average of three samples daily .
2. Represents an average of two samples .
Table 7
Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, McKay Creek at Northrup Road . Sampling
Point 6, USA Location 3816160 (1 )
pH
EC
umhos/cm
Mar 17
7 .60
51
24
0 .5
0 .01
0 .0 2
Mar 31
7 .06
49
62
0 .8
0 .01
0 .0 3
Apr
7
7 .15
51
58
1 .2
0 .01
0 .0 4
Apr 14
6 .95
45
50
3 .2
0 .01
0 .0 3
Apr 21
6 .88
40
50
4 .2
0 .01
0 .0 3
Apr 28
6 .57
46
46
4 .5
0 .01
0 .03
DATE
TS
mg/1
1 . Average of two samples daily .
TSS
mg/1
O-PO4
mg/1
TP
mg/ 1
Table 8
Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, Upper McKay Creek, Sampling Point 7 ,
ODF Station 11 (1)
pH
EC
umhos/cm
Mar 24
6 .55
26
8
0 .3
0 .01
0 .0 2
Mar 31
6 .70
25
38
0 .3
0 .01
0 .0 2
Apr
7
6 .65
27
32
0 .9
0 .01
0 .0 3
Apr 14
6 .60
24
36
1 .8
0 .01
0 .0 1
Apr 21
6 .45
24
24
2 .7
<0 .01
0 .0 2
Apr 28
6 .47
25
26
1 .0
<0 .01
0 .02
DATE
TS S
mg/1
TS
mg/1
O-PO4
mg/1
TP
mg/ 1
1 . Average of two samples daily .
Table 9
Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, East Fork of Dairy Creek at Roy Road ,
Sampling Point 8, USA Location 3818014 (1)
pH
EC
umhos/cm
Mar 10(2)
7 .46
61
56
9 .0
0 .02
0 .0 3
Mar 17(3)
7 .54
91
52
10 .3
0 .03
0 .0 3
Mar 24
7 .70
60
59
6 .5
0 .02
0 .0 5
Mar 31
7 .45
59
68
5 .3
0 .02
0 .0 4
Apr
7
7 .55
51
48
4 .5
0 .02
0 .0 5
Apr 14
7 .34
82
81
7 .5
0 .02
0 .0 6
Apr 21
7 .37
55
59
11 .5
0 .02
0 .0 5
Apr 28
7 .16
56
43
8 .2
0 .02
0 .0 5
DATE
TS
mg/1
TSS
mg/1
1. Average of three samples daily .
2. Represents a single sample .
3. Average of two values .
O-PO4
mg/1
TP
mg/ 1
14
Table 10
Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, East Fork of Dairy Creek at Dairy Cree k
Road, Sampling Point 9, USA Location 3818084 (1 )
pH
.EC
umhos/cm
Mar 17(2)
7 .59
28
34
2 .5
0 .02
0 .0 3
Mar 24
7 .56
67
45
1 .7
0 .02
0 .0 5
Mar 31
7 .40
51
52
1 .8
0 .02
0 .0 4
Apr
7
7 .48
69
39
2 .3
0 .01
0 .0 5
Apr 14
7 .28
64
56
2 .8
0 .02
0 .0 4
Apr 21
7 .33
39
37
4 .2
0 .02
0 .0 4
Apr 28
7 .26
44
41
3 .8
0 .02
0 .05
DATE
TS
mg/1
TSS
mg/1
O-PO4
mg/1
TP
mg/ 1
1. Average of three samples daily .
2. Average of two values .
Table 1 1
Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, East Fork of Dairy Creek at Fern Flat Road
(Snoozville), Sampling Point 10, ODF Location (1)
pH
EC
umhos/cm
Mar 10(2)
8 .11
39
72
7 .5
0 .03
0 .0 4
Mar 17(2)
8 .02
67
36
2 .5
0 .04
0 .0 5
Mar 24
7 .55
49
34
2 .0
0 .0-3
0 .0 6
Mar 31
7 .34
48
68
3 .5
0 .03
0 .0 5
Apr
7
7 .40
98
66 •
3 .0
0 .03
Apr 14
7 .20
46
.78
4 .2
0 .03
0 .0 4
Apr 21
6 .97
43
56
5 .3
0 .02
0 .0 5
3 .3
0 .03
0 .0 6
*DATE
TS
mg/1
, Apr 28
6 .64
48
60
1 . Average of two samples daily ..
2 . Represents a single sample .
TSS
mg/1
O-P04
mg/1
-
TP
mg/ 1
-
0 .0 6
Table 1 2
Summary of Daily Water Quality Data, West Fork of Dairy Creek at Evers Road,
Sampling Point 11, USA Location 3817020 (1 )
TS
mg/1
O-P04
mg/1
TSS
mg/1
TP
mg/ 1
pH
EC
umhos/cm
Mar 10(2)
7 .52
68
68
9 .5
0 .02
0 .0 2
Mar 17(3)
7 .37
78
58
9 .3
0 .03
0 .0 2
Mar 24
7 .49
100
65
6 .7
0 .02
0 .0 5
Mar 31
7 .32
99
77
4 .8
0 .02
0 .0 5
Apr
7
7 .30
63
60
4 .3
0 .02
0 .0 4
Apr 14
7 .10
85
89
9 .8
0 .02
0 .0 5
Apr 21
7 .12
56
72
21 .5
0 .02
0 .0 5
Apr 28
7 .08
57
57
14 .0
0 .02
0 .0 5
DATE
1. Average of three samples daily .
2. Represents a single sample .
3. Average of two values .
Table 1 3
Average Flow Rates (cfs) at Selected Locations in the Tualatin River Basin durin g
March and April 1992
Dairy Creek
at Hwy. 8
East Fork
Dairy Creek
at Dairy Creek
Road
March 17
265
68
26
63
March 24
186
53
14 .8
40
March 31
136
45
11 .1
26
Apr 7
145
44
18 .6
27
Apr 14
217
48
28.4
45
Apr 21
512
79
39. 3
Apr 28
219
59
17.2
Date
Fanno Creek
at Durha m
Road
McKay Creek
at Hornecker
Road
42
16
DISCUSSION
. Data Comparisons Data from the OSU samples were compared with those cbllected by the Unifie d
Sewerage Agency of Washington County (USA) . The information from USA wa s
collected on a weekly basis and, except for two occasions March 24 and April 14), th e
USA samples were collected one day later than the OSU sample . The USA data are
from single samples, while the OSU data are for averages of two or three samples per
day. Table 14 summarizes the USA data at one sample station (Dairy Creek at Highwa y
8) for comparison. Similar data from- this study are presented in Table 5 . There is a
consistent difference in total solids, possibly due to different methods . The difference
in ortho phosphate reflect the variability of these measurements between laboratories .
Stream Respons e
Weekly samples are insufficient for precise measurement of response o f
streams to precipitation . Figure 2 shows response of the focus streams in the Tualatin
River Basin to precipitation events . During the period, March 17 through April 3, there
was no significant precipitation and the flow rates decreased . The rain on April 4 an d
6 stopped the decrease in flow rates in Dairy and McKay Creeks . The flow rate in
Fanno Creek increased . The less permeable urban area responded to the relatively sligh t
rainfall events .
Additional rainfall was recorded on April 9 and during the following day s
through April 18 . Flow rates increased at all the stations on April 14-21 . Fanno Creek
responded most and Dairy Creek least (Figure 2) . These rainfall events are reflected in
increased TSS concentrations at all stations . The Dairy Creek sites had the larges t
percent increases in TSS, and also the largest load increases because of the high flow
(Table 2) .
Effects of Land Use Type
Phosphorus concentrations in urban Fanno Creek are higher than those in th e
Dairy-McKay basins . This difference in phosphorus concentration is in part explained
by the differences in the land use . Based on phosphorus levels, the forestry have th e
lowest phosphorus levels followed by agricultural areas, with urban areas the highest .
The exception is the high phosphorus concentrations measured in the East Fork of Dair y
Creek at Fern Flat Road.
-
17
Table 14 Results from USA Analyses of Sample s
Dairy Creek at Highway 8
Date
Temp
°C
pH
TSS
mg/L
Ortho-P
mg/L
3/11/92
9.0
7.2
20 .0
0.025
3/18/92
10.2
7 .5
21..5
0.040
3/24/92
10.4
7.5
15 .4
0.031
4/01/92
12..2
7.4
16 .0
0.028
4/08/92
8 .3
7.3
7.6
0.026
4/14/92
12.2
7.3
16.0
0.029
4/22/92
10.7
7.5
33 .2
0.028
4/29/92
13.9
7.4
31 .2
0.051
;./
:- :
18
Figure 2
Relative Flow Rate s
March and April, 1992
N..
Mar 31
Apr 4
Date, 199
Dairy
E . Fork
.......
McKay .......
....... Fanno
19
Tables 6, 7, and 8 show an increase in phosphorus concentrations followin g
down McKay Creeks . This may also be true for Dairy Creek . Flowing down th e
reaches of the tributaries, land use changes from forested areas in the upper reaches t o
predominantly agricultural areas in the mid-lower regions .
Sources of Phosphoru s
Phosphorus can enter streams through surface water runoff, in sediment erode d
and transported to streams, from winter flow of water through the topsoil into the strea m
or through base flow of groundwater into the stream . These mechanisms can be
distinguished ; through appropriate measurements . Sediments should be higher in tota l
phosphorus and be related to storm events and total solids . Chemical signatures ca n
distinguish interflow from base flow, or surface runoff from interflow .
The measurements in this study were not sufficiently complete, or frequent t o
distinguish among phosphorus sources . The sampling period had much lower rainfall
than is typical for a winter period . Weekly sampling intervals are too wide to fin d
relationships among the variables . However, some general statements can be made . The
lack of correlation between suspended solids and total phosphorus argues against erode d
sediments as a source . Site 6 is the exception . No major erosion events occurred durin g
the sampling period, so no conclusions can be drawn . The poor correlation betwee n
rainfall events and phosphorus concentrations argues against surface runoff or interflow .
The phosphorus concentrations independent of time or stream flow volume . argue for
baseline sources of phosphorus .
20
CONCLUSIONS
The purpose of_ this sampling study was to determine how winter rainfall
influenced phosphorus loads into streams in the Tualatin River Basin . The sampling
period was one of below average rainfall, with no large storm events . This limited the
conclusions that could be drawn .
Concentrations of phosphorus were highest in the urban stream, intermediat e
where agriculture was the dominant land use and lowest in forested watersheds . Both
ortho and total phosphate concentrations in the forested agricultural .watersheds were
independent of time or stream flow volume, and only weakly related to suspended solids
concentrations .
-
21
REFERENCES
American Public Health Association . 1985 .
36(Atag, (16th ed.) . W
Association .
.■ .
22
APPENDIX I
SAMPLING SITE DESCRIPTIONS
23
Fanno Creek at Allen
Location: Adjacent to the Allen Boulevard and Scholls Ferry Road junction
Estimated Creek Width : 10 feet
Estimated Creek Depth : 2 feet
Stream: Trash in the stream : steep banks
Surrounding Land : Residential area, numerous apartments in the vicinity
Fanno Creek at Nimbus
Location: On Scholls Ferry Road near Nimbus shopping mall at bridg e
Estimated Creek Width : 6 feet
Estimated Creek Depth : 4 feet
Stream: Channelized/stabilized banks
Surrounding Land : Commercial area, site of construction activity
Fanno Creek at Durham
Location : On Durham Road at bridge
Estimated Creek Width : 20 feet
Estimated Creek Depth: 4 feet
Stream : Closest site to Tualatin on Fann o
Surrounding Land : Urban residential/commercial are a
McKay Creek at Hornecker Road
Location: On Hornecker Road adjacent to railroad trestl e
Estimated Creek Width : 25 feet
Estimated Creek Depth : 5 feet
Surrounding Land : Mainly agricultural area, small farms and rural residences in th e
immediate vicinity
Dairy Creek at Highway 8
Location: On Highway 8 west of Hillsboro at Highway 8 bridg e
Estimated Creek Width : 50-60 feet
Estimated Creek Depth : Difficult to estimate, possibly 10-15 feet
Stream : Below the junction of East and West'forks of Dairy and McKay Creeks before
joining the Tualatin main stem
Surrounding Land : Predominantly agricultural
West Fork Dairy Creek at Evers Road
Location : Evers Road (only stream crossing Evers Road)
Estimated Creek Width : 15 feet
Estimated Creek Depth: 10-15 feet
Stream: Water color muddy
Surrounding Land : Wetland, nursery close by, surrounding area farm land
24
Fast Fork Dairy Creek at Roy Roa d
Location : Roy Road at bridge
Estimated Creek Width : 15 feet
Estimated Creek Depth: 5-6 feet
Stream:
Surrounding Land : Farm lands, nursery near by
East Fork Dairy Creek at Dairy Creek Roa d
Location : Dairy Creek Road past Mountaindale store
Estimated Creek Width : 14 feet
Estimated Creek Depth: 2-3 feet
Stream: Clear
Surrounding Land : Mixed forestry, agriculture, and urban
McKay Creek at Northrup Road
Location : Northrup Road bridge crossin g
Estimated Creek Width : 15 feet
Estimated Creek Depth : 2-3 feet
Stream: Clear, sediment deposition on the stream botto m
Surrounding area : Mixed forestry, agriculture, and urba n
East Fork Dairy Creek at Snoozvill e
Location : At the end of Fern Flat Road behind locked gates
Estimated Creek Width : 15 feet
Estimated Creek Depth : 2-3 feet
Stream: Clear, sediment deposition on the stream botto m
Surrounding area: Forested lan d
Upper McKay Creek
Location : Into forested area
Estimated Creek Width : 8 feet
Estimated Creek Depth: 1-2 feet
Stream: Clear, sediment on stream bottom
Surrounding area : Forested land
25
APPENDIX II
COMPILATION OF DATA COLLECTED
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