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FOREST SERVICE MANUAL
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS (WO)
WASHINGTON, DC
FSM 2400 - TIMBER MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER - ZERO CODE
Amendment No.: 2400-2009-2
Effective Date: September 28, 2009
Duration: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
Approved: RICHARD SOWA
Acting Associate Deputy Chief
Date Approved: 09/03/2009
Posting Instructions: Amendments are numbered consecutively by title and calendar year.
Post by document; remove the entire document and replace it with this amendment. Retain this
transmittal as the first page(s) of this document. The last amendment to this title was
2400-2009-1 to FSM 2400_zero_code.
New Document
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28 Pages
Superseded Document(s)
by Issuance Number and
Effective Date
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(Amendment 2400-2009-1, 09/14/2009)
28 Pages
Digest:
Technical amendment to correct Healthy Forests Restoration Act (HFRA), it was misquoted as
Healthy Forests Recreation Act (HFRA) throughout the document.
2400 Zero Code - Makes minor editorial and formatting changes throughout the chapter.
2404.15 – Removes direction already covered in section 2404.21 and 2404.28.
2404.16 – Removes direction already covered in section 2404.21 and 22404.28.
2404.21 – Clarifies that line officer authority may not exceed their specific delegation letter. The
values shown in Exhibit 01 are the maximum levels that may be delegated but are not an
automatic delegation. Clarifies the authority of the forest supervisor to delegate contracting
officers at the ranger district level. Removes duplicate policy on delegation of contracting
officer.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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Digest--Continued:
2404.23 – Authorize the Washington Office, Director Forest Management to delegate authority
to dispose of timber under a stewardship agreement.
2404.24 – Clarifies that delegations of authority should only be done through official
correspondence to named individuals. Raises the value of free use that may be delegated during
emergencies to $10,000. Removes reference to individual free use limits. Adds stewardship
agreements to the authority of the regional foresters.
2404.25 – Clarifies that delegations of authority should only be done through official
correspondence to name individuals. Raises the value of free use that may be delegated during
emergencies to $5,000. Removes reference to individual free use limits.
2404.25a – Removes reference to individual free use limits.
2404.26 – Adds stewardship agreements as an acceptable method for the disposal of timber and
forest products.
2404.28 Exhibit 01 – Adds limits for stewardship service contracts and stewardship agreements.
Raises the maximum limits for free use. Raises the maximum limit for Federal free use to the
regional forester. Adds CFR reference to legal authority for Exchange Timber Sales. Adds
policy reference to Seized Timber Sales. Adds legal authority under Innocent Trespass Timber
Sales and raises the maximum limits for the regional forester and forest supervisor. Revises the
maximum delegation limits for forest supervisor and district ranger for Timber Property Sales
and adds additional policy references. Reformats, renumbers and updates footnote references for
exhibit 01.
2409.21d – Removes the reference to the Compartment Prescription Handbook that was
previously removed from the Directives System.
2409.25 – Removes the reference to the Timber Sale ADP Handbook that was previously
removed from the Directives System.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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FSM 2400 - TIMBER MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER - ZERO CODE
Table of Contents
2401 - AUTHORITY ........................................................................................................ 5
2401.1 - Laws ............................................................................................................................. 5
2401.2 - Timber Management Regulations ................................................................................ 6
2402 - OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................... 7
2403 - POLICY ................................................................................................................ 7
2403.1 - Timber Ownership ........................................................................................................ 7
2403.2 - Forest Resource and Project Planning .......................................................................... 7
2403.3 - Information Systems ..................................................................................................... 8
2403.4 - Cost Effectiveness ........................................................................................................ 8
2403.5 - Integration with Other Resources ................................................................................. 8
2404 - RESPONSIBILITY ............................................................................................... 8
2404.1 - Timber Management Program ...................................................................................... 8
2404.11 - Chief ....................................................................................................................... 9
2404.12 - Deputy Chief for National Forest System .............................................................. 9
2404.13 - Associate Deputy Chief for National Forest System ............................................ 10
2404.14 - Washington Office, Director, Forest Management............................................... 10
2404.15 - Regional Forester .................................................................................................. 11
2404.16 - Forest Supervisor .................................................................................................. 12
2404.17 - District Ranger ...................................................................................................... 13
2404.2 - Delegation of Authority to Sell and Dispose of Timber and Forest Products ............ 14
2404.21 - Scope of Authority................................................................................................ 15
2404.22 - Designation of Actings ......................................................................................... 16
2404.23 - Washington Office, Director, Forest Management............................................... 16
2404.24 - Regional Foresters ................................................................................................ 17
2404.25 - Forest Supervisors ................................................................................................ 18
2404.25a - District Rangers .................................................................................................. 19
2404.26 - Contracting Officers ............................................................................................. 19
2404.27 - Station Directors ................................................................................................... 20
2404.28 - Specific Delegations of Timber Sale and Disposal Authority .............................. 20
2409 - FOREST SERVICE HANDBOOKS (FSH) ......................................................... 25
2409.1 - Internal Servicewide Handbooks ................................................................................ 25
2409.11 - National Forest Log Scaling Handbook (FSH) .................................................... 25
2409.11a - Cubic Scaling Handbook (FSH) ......................................................................... 25
2409.12 - Timber Cruising Handbook (FSH) ....................................................................... 25
2409.12a - Timber Volume Estimator Handbook (FSH) ...................................................... 25
2409.13 - Timber Resource Management Planning Handbook (FSH) ................................. 25
2409.13a - Timber Permanent Plot Handbook (FSH) .......................................................... 25
2409.14 - Timber Management Information System Handbook (FSH) ............................... 25
2409.15 - Timber Sale Administration Handbook (FSH) ..................................................... 26
2409.17 - Silvicultural Practices Handbook (FSH) .............................................................. 26
2409.18 - Timber Sale Preparation Handbook (FSH) .......................................................... 26
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2409.19 - Renewable Resources Handbook (FSH) .............................................................. 26
2409.2 - Internal Unit Handbooks ............................................................................................ 26
2409.21e - Timber Management Control Handbook (FSH) ................................................. 26
2409.21h - Timber Management Data Handbook (FSH) ..................................................... 26
2409.22 - Timber Appraisal Handbook (FSH) ..................................................................... 26
2409.26 - Silvicultural Practices Handbook (FSH) .............................................................. 27
2409.26b - Reforestation Handbook (FSH) .......................................................................... 27
2409.26c - Timber Stand Improvement Handbook (FSH) ................................................... 27
2409.26d - Silvicultural Examination and Prescription Handbook (FSH) ........................... 27
2409.26e - Nursery Handbook (FSH) ................................................................................... 27
2409.26f - Seed Handbook (FSH) ........................................................................................ 27
2409.26g - Tree Improvement Handbook (FSH) .................................................................. 28
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2401 - AUTHORITY
The authority for managing National Forest System timber derives from laws enacted by
Congress, which authorize the Secretary of Agriculture to administer the national forests and to
issue necessary regulations.
2401.1 - Laws
The principal statutes governing forest management on national forests are:
1. The Organic Administration Act of 1897 (16 U.S.C. 473-475), authorizes the
Secretary of Agriculture to establish regulations governing the occupancy and use of
national forests and to protect the forests from destruction.
2. The Knutson-Vandenberg Act of 1930 (16 U.S.C. 576-576b), as amended by the
National Forest Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 472a), directs the Secretary to
provide for improvement of the productivity of renewable resources within National
Forest System timber sale areas. The act also authorizes the collection and use of timber
receipts for these purposes.
3. The Multiple-Use, Sustained-Yield Act of 1960 (16 U.S.C. 528-531), recognizes
timber as one of five major resources for which national forests are to be managed. This
act further directs the Secretary to develop and administer the renewable surface
resources of national forests for multiple use and sustained yield of the many products
and services obtained from these resources.
4. The National Forest Roads and Trails Act of 1964 (16 U.S.C. 532-538), directs the
Secretary to provide for the existence of an adequate system of roads and trails within
and near national forests.
5. The Small Business Act of 1953, as amended (15 U.S.C. 644), provides for agencies
to participate in programs with the Small Business Administration (SBA). This is the
authority for the Small Business Timber Sale Set-Aside program (FSM 2439).
6. The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 (16 U.S.C. 4321), requires
agencies to analyze the physical, social, and economic effects associated with proposed
plans and decisions, to consider alternatives to the action proposed, and to document the
results of the analysis.
7. The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974
(16 U.S.C. 1600-1614) (as amended by National Forest Management Act of 1976),
directs the Secretary to periodically assess the forest and rangeland resources of the
Nation and to submit to Congress at regular intervals recommendations for long-range
Forest Service programs essential to meet future resource needs.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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8. The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 472a), sets forth
the requirements for land and resource management plans for the National Forest System.
It also amends several of the basic acts applicable to timber management. It specifically
addresses most aspects of timber management and how it is related to other resources. It
is the primary authority governing the management and use of timber resources on
National Forests System lands.
9. The Forest Resources Conservation and Shortage Relief Act of 1990, as amended by
the Forest Resources Conservation and Shortage Relief Act of 1997 (16 U.S.C. 620), sets
forth restrictions on export of unprocessed timber originating from Federal lands. It
addresses certain exceptions to export restrictions and establishes reporting requirements.
10. The Healthy Forests Restoration Act (HFRA) of 2003 (Pub.L. 108-148), provides
processes for implementing hazardous fuel reduction projects on certain types of "at-risk"
National Forest System (NFS) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands, and also
provides other authorities and direction to help reduce hazardous fuel and restore healthy
forest and rangeland conditions on lands of all ownerships.
11. Section 323 of Public Law 108-7 (16 U.S.C. 2104 note) grants the Forest Service
authority until September 30, 2013, to enter into stewardship contracting projects with
private persons or public or private entities, by contract or agreement, to perform services
to achieve land management goals for national forests or public lands that meet local and
rural community needs.
2401.2 - Timber Management Regulations
The Chief’s authority to manage and dispose of timber and forest products is delegated from the
Secretary at 7 CFR 2.60 and further defined at 36 CFR part 223 (FSM 1233 and 1234).
1. Title 36, Code of Federal Regulations, part 223 govern the sale and disposal of timber,
timber export, and substitution restrictions.
2. Title 36, Code of Federal Regulations, part 223, subpart C, prescribe the policies and
procedures governing the debarment and suspension of purchasers and those persons who
violate the Forest Resources Conservation and Shortage Relief Act of 1990, as amended
by the Forest Resources and Shortage Relief Act of 1997 (16 U.S.C. 620, et seq.; FSM
2455.4).
3. Title 7, Code of Federal Regulations, part 3017 (FSM 2433), addressing
Governmentwide nonprocurement suspension and debarment system.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2402 - OBJECTIVES
To cultivate and maintain tree stands in a manner that promotes and achieves a diverse pattern of
vegetation that best meets the needs of people now and in the future. Specific objectives for
managing the forest resource of National Forest System lands are:
1. To provide a continuous supply of National Forest System timber for the use and
necessities of the citizens of the United States.
2. To provide an even flow of National Forest System timber in order to facilitate the
stabilization of communities and opportunities for employment.
3. To manage and provide for regeneration of tree stands.
4. To maintain a diversity of forest vegetation types and resources consistent with forest
plans.
5. To plan and conduct cost-effective timber sales and other timber management
activities.
6. To restore and maintain healthy forest conditions through the reduction of hazardous
fuels.
2403 - POLICY
2403.1 - Timber Ownership
To avoid unauthorized disposal of timber, the forest officer initiating an action or project must
determine the status and ownership of the lands involved, including the timber thereon. This
includes review of any titles held by the United States, encumbrances on those titles, use
restrictions imposed by the Forest Service or other agencies of Government, and restrictions
imposed by laws, Executive orders, or other legal instruments transferring lands to the
stewardship of the Forest Service.
2403.2 - Forest Resource and Project Planning
1. Determine the magnitude of the forest management program on a given national forest
through the forest land and resource management planning process (FSM 1920).
2. Select, design, and implement timber project-level activities in an economically
efficient manner, consistent with the objectives and guidance of the forest plan.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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3. Conduct and document environmental analysis and subsequent decisions in
accordance with direction in FSM 1950.
2403.3 - Information Systems
Use accurate, systematically stored, and reliably retrieved data from established systems
(FSM 2490) to manage and report on the forest management program.
2403.4 - Cost Effectiveness
1. Plan and prepare individual timber sales and stewardship projects in a manner that
ensures procedures and requirements, which decrease costs or increase revenues are taken
into full account in the decision making process.
2. Ensure that the timber sale program on an individual national forest reflects present
and anticipated future market conditions within the flexibility provided in the Forest plan.
3. Do not select alternative courses of action primarily because of the greatest dollar
return or the greatest unit output, but seek to ensure that total benefits equal or exceed
total costs over time.
2403.5 - Integration with Other Resources
1. Prepare and administer forest management program activities to meet the resource
management objectives expressed in the forest plan.
2. Use the standards and guidelines in the forest plan to integrate needs for and
protection of associated natural resources during project design and administration.
3. Use the timber sale program and other forest management activities to enhance timber
and other forest resource values and benefits over time. The timber sale program can
provide substantial fish and wildlife habitat improvement, road building with attendant
recreation access, and improved timber stand productivity; decrease hazardous fuels and
associated risks of catastrophic wildfire, improve forest health, and increase water yields;
and it can also improve many other resources.
4. Recognize that forest management may also adversely affect these resources, and
carry out these activities in a manner that minimizes adverse effects.
2404 - RESPONSIBILITY
2404.1 - Timber Management Program
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2404.11 - Chief
The Chief:
1. Retains the overall authority over and responsibility for the timber management
program including stewardship contracting.
2. Has authority to act as a debarring and/or suspending official as follows:
a. Pursuant to 36 CFR part 223, subpart C, is responsible for debarring individuals,
organizations, or other entities for causes specified at 36 CFR 223.137 (FSM 2455.4).
b. Pursuant to 2 CFR part 180, is responsible for debarring and/or suspending
individuals, organizations, or other entities for causes specified at 7 CFR 3017.800
and 7 CFR 3017.700, respectively (FSM 2433).
3. May redelegate the authority to serve as a Forest Service nonprocurement debarring or
suspending official to the Deputy Chief, or an Associate Deputy Chief, National Forest
System, (7 CFR 180.930 and 7 CFR 180.1010).
2404.12 - Deputy Chief for National Forest System
The responsibility of the Deputy Chief for the National Forest System is to:
1. Direct the allocation of the timber program budget and targets to respond to changing
market conditions, improve returns on timber investments, and meet national, social,
economic, and environmental needs.
2. Provide direction, leadership, and administration of servicewide forest management
programs, policies, procedures, and advise the Chief of current national timber-related
issues.
3. Formulate, coordinate, and implement broad policies for administration of the national
forest management program and stewardship contracting.
4. Review, advise on, and approve or disapprove policies, programs, and regulations
proposed by the Washington Office, Director, Forest Management.
5. Serve as debarring and/or suspending official when designated by the Chief
(FSM 2404.11).
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2404.13 - Associate Deputy Chief for National Forest System
The responsibility of the Associate Deputy Chief for the National Forest System with the
functional responsibility for forest management is to:
1. Serve as the deciding officer on appeals filed under 36 CFR part 215, or reviewing
officer for appeals filed under 36 CFR part 251 for timber issues appealed to the Chief,
unless a superior officer elects to conduct the review.
2. Serve as a debarring and/or suspending official when designated by the Chief
(FSM 2404.11).
3. Provide guidance for and supervision of the Washington Office, Director, Forest
Management, in administering the national timber management program, including the
Healthy Forests Restoration Act (HFRA) projects and stewardship contracting.
4. Review, advise on, and approve or disapprove policies, programs, and regulations
proposed by Washington Office, Director, Forest Management, as directed by the Deputy
Chief for the National Forest System.
2404.14 - Washington Office, Director, Forest Management
The responsibility of the Washington Office, Director, Forest Management is to:
1. Advise the Associate and Deputy Chief, National Forest System, and the Chief on
servicewide forest management program, policies, procedures, and current national forest
management-related issues.
2. Maintain relationships with the public, Members of Congress, and organizations that
have concerns about forest resource management on a national basis. Keep abreast of
nationwide public attitudes and desires regarding the Agency’s forest management
program.
3. Maintain coordination among the regions for major forest management activities,
including HFRA and stewardship contracting, through national meetings, committees,
correspondence, and staff advice.
4. Assist regions in clearly identifying needs and opportunities for the management of
forest resources.
5. Recommend, as appropriate, objectives and priorities for regional forest management
activities and stewardship contracting.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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6. Conduct monitoring, field reviews, functional assistance trips, and audits of forest
management activities, including stewardship contracting, to ensure that forest resource
management and the resulting effects of the activities on other resources meet national
policy requirements. Conduct activity reviews to evaluate forest management activities
(FSM 1410).
7. Maintain national systems needed to support information needs for forest management
at all levels in the Forest Service, and provide the official source for minimum
information requirements that give the status and condition of the forest management
program (FSM 2490).
8. Approve and conduct other forest-related business delegated by the Secretary of
Agriculture to the Chief (FSM 2450). Cancel, partially cancel, or unilaterally modify
timber sale contracts, as appropriate (36 CFR 223.116 (a)(5)).
9. Issue national special provisions for timber sale contracts.
2404.15 - Regional Forester
The responsibility of each regional forester is to:
1. Prescribe and oversee the implementation of regional objectives, policies, and
responsibilities for all major aspects of forest resource management, including Healthy
Forests Restoration Act (HFRA) and stewardship contracting.
2. Develop standards and provide for consistency and coordination among forests and
with adjacent regions in meeting forest resource management objectives and targets.
3. Establish management direction (objectives, standards, and policies) that ensures the
integration of the forest resource objectives with other regional programs and in forest
land and resource management plans.
4. Maintain communication with individuals and organizations with regional concerns
about management of forest resources.
5. Oversee the coordination of regional forest resource management programs with State
and county agencies and encourage individuals and organizations to become involved in
forest resource management activities, including HFRA projects and stewardship
contracting.
6. Provide training and technical assistance to forest supervisors to ensure forest resource
management expertise is available at the forest level.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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7. Ensure that necessary environmental analysis and documentation occurs on any timber
sale, HFRA project, or stewardship project decision that is within the regional forester’s
authority to approve.
8. Provide that monitoring, field reviews, functional assistance trips, and audits of forest
resource management activities, including HFRA projects and stewardship contracting,
are conducted to ensure that forest resource needs and the resulting effects of the
activities on other resources meet national and regional policy requirements. Schedule
activity reviews to evaluate forest management activities (FSM 1410).
9. Delegate authority to approve sale project plans (2404.21, paragraph 1a), ensure
coordination of the sale project (2404.21, paragraph 1b), serve as the deciding officer for
NEPA decisions (2404.21, paragraph 1c), and to sell and dispose of National Forest
System timber and forest products (2404.21, paragraph 1d, and 2404.28).
10. Issue regional special provisions for timber sale and stewardship contracts. This
authority may not be delegated below the regional office level.
11. Cancel timber sale contracts (36 CFR 223.116 (a)(1) through (4)) under the regional
forester’s authority. Refer cases to cancel, partially cancel, or unilaterally modify timber
sale contracts reserved under the Chief’s authority (36 CFR 223.116 (a)(5)) to the
Washington Office, Director, Forest Management.
12. Refer cases to the debarring or suspending official for suspension and/or debarment
when possible violations constituting cause for suspension or debarment are identified
(FSM 2433 and 2455.4).
2404.16 - Forest Supervisor
The responsibility of each forest supervisor is to:
1. Provide management direction (objectives, standards, and policies) that ensures the
integration of forest resource objectives into programs and projects at the ranger district
level, and to integrate forest resource management programs with other resource
management programs in developing and implementing the forest plan.
2. Maintain communication with individuals and organizations with concerns about local
forest management. Ensure public notice of decisions affecting forest resource activities
implemented under the forest supervisor’s authority (36 CFR part 215 and FSH 1909.15).
3. Oversee the coordination of forest and project level plans with State and county
agencies and encourage involvement by local individuals and organizations in the design
and implementation of forest resource management activities, giving the public an
opportunity to participate in solving forest resource management problems.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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4. Provide the opportunity for training and technical assistance to district rangers as
needed to meet the need for staff expertise to properly implement forest resource
management including Healthy Forests Restoration Act (HFRA) and stewardship
contracting.
5. Require the use of the Timber Information Manager (TIM) data for resource
coordination and forest resource program and project interdisciplinary planning, design,
and management. Establish the minimum information requirements necessary to meet
program and project management needs on the forest. Require verification of the
accuracy of data entered into the system.
6. Ensure that necessary environmental analysis and documentation occurs on any timber
sale, HFRA project or stewardship project decision that is within the forest supervisor’s
authority to approve.
7. Oversee monitoring, field reviews, functional assistance trips, and audits of forest
resource management activities including HFRA and stewardship contracting to ensure
that forest resource needs and the resulting effects of the activities on other resources
meet regional and forest-level policy requirements. Schedule activity reviews to evaluate
forest resource management activities (FSM 1410).
8. Delegate authority to approve sale project plans (2404.21, paragraph 1a), ensure
coordination of the sale project (2404.21, paragraph 1b), serve as the deciding officer for
NEPA decisions (2404.21, paragraph 1c), and to sell and dispose of National Forest
System timber and forest products (2404.21, paragraph 1d, and 2404.28).
9. Refer cases to the regional forester for suspension and/or debarment when possible
violations that constitute cause for suspension or debarment are identified (FSM 2433 and
2455.4).
10. Refer cases to cancel, partially cancel, or unilaterally modify timber sale contracts
reserved under the Chief’s authority (36 CFR 223.116(a)(5)) to the Washington Office,
Director, Forest Management, through the regional forester.
2404.17 - District Ranger
Each district ranger is responsible to the forest supervisor for all forest resource management
activities on the district. Except for those responsibilities specifically reserved by the forest
supervisor, it is the responsibility of the district ranger to:
1. Plan and implement forest resource management programs and projects including
HFRA and stewardship contracting that are responsive to the forest plan goals and
objectives. Integrate forest resource management programs with other resource
management programs in developing and implementing the forest plan.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2. Monitor and evaluate forest plan forest resource management prescriptions to measure
compliance with goals and objectives, determine effects, and adjust subsequent
management actions when needed.
3. Encourage local individuals and organizations to become involved in the management
of forest resources. Provide public notice of decisions affecting forest resource activities
implemented under the district ranger’s authority (36 CFR part 215 and FSH 1909.15).
4. Provide for the collection and maintenance of accurate information that is necessary to
meet forest resource program and project management needs and to report forest resource
management activities and their results.
5. Ensure quality of work in all phases of the forest resource management program
including HFRA and stewardship contracting.
6. Ensure that the necessary environmental analysis and documentation occurs on any
timber sale, HFRA project or stewardship project decision that is within the district
ranger’s authority to approve.
7. Delegate authority to sell and dispose of National Forest System timber and forest
products for each of the following separate authorities:
a. The authority and responsibility to ensure coordination of the sale project
(FSM 2430, 2404.21 paragraph 1b, and 2404.28).
b. The authority to approve permits using permit form FS-2400-1 and FS-2400-8
(forest officer authority, 2404.21 paragraph 1d, and 2404.28).
8. Refer cases to the forest supervisor for suspension or debarment when possible
violations that constitute cause for suspension or debarment are identified (FSM 2433 and
2455.4).
9. Refer cases to cancel, partially cancel, or unilaterally modify timber sale contracts
reserved under Chief’s authority (36 CFR 223.116(a)(5)) to the Washington Office,
Director, Forest Management, through the forest supervisor and regional forester.
2404.2 - Delegation of Authority to Sell and Dispose of Timber and Forest
Products
Pursuant to the delegations by the Secretary at 7 CFR 2.60, the Chief has full authority to act for
the Secretary in the sale and disposal of timber and forest products. This section redelegates that
authority to the Washington Office, Director, Forest Management, and Forest Service line
officers, subject to the reservations and limitations specified. For ease of reference, the
maximum delegations are set forth in exhibit 01, FSM 2404.28.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2404.21 - Scope of Authority
The granting of authority to sell and dispose of National Forest System timber and forest
products is limited to the actual authorizations conferred to an individual by a line officer and is
subject to the following principles and limitations:
1. The following four authorities associated with the disposal of timber and forest
products may be redelegated below the regional forester level only in writing to a named
individual and not to a position (FSM 2404.15, 2404.16, and 2404.17):
a. The authority to approve sale project plans, including the Sale Area Improvement
(K-V) Plan, Salvage Sale Fund Plan, Brush Disposal and Collection Plan, the Gate
1-4 Certifications for the Timber Information Manager (FSM 2430), and the Timber
Sale Implementation Plan (FSM 2430 and 2470). This is a line officer function and
may not be delegated below the district ranger.
b. The authority and responsibility to ensure coordination of the sale project
(FSM 2430). A line officer to whom authority and responsibility has been delegated
to ensure coordination of the sale project may designate individual subordinates, by
name and in writing, to act for that officer within the limits of the original delegation.
This authority may be delegated to staff officers below the district ranger.
c. The authority and responsibility to oversee and supervise the requisite
environmental analysis and documentation pursuant to the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA) (40 CFR parts 1500-1508 and FSM 1950) and to serve as the
deciding officer who signs and issues decisions that contain forest resource sale
projects (NEPA decision authority). This is a line officer function and may not be
delegated below the district ranger.
d. The authority to serve as an agent for the Forest Service to select a bidding method
for each sale and to award and enter into timber sale contracts (contracting officer
authority) or to approve permits (forest officer authority). The regional forester shall
delegate to qualified individuals the authority to award and administer timber sale
contracts, integrated resource timber contracts and stewardship agreements, pursuant
to the Contract Disputes Act, or to approve permits. The forest supervisor shall only
delegate the authority to award and administer timber sale contracts or to approve
permits up to the volumes and values specified in FSM 2408.28, exhibit 01 for district
rangers. The district ranger shall delegate authority to approve permits. All
delegations must be to an individual named as contracting officer for contracts and
forest officer for permits and not to a position.
2. Pursuant to paragraph 1c of this section, a line officer may approve multi-sale decision
documents exceeding the scope (40 CFR 1508.25) of their single-sale authority, provided
the volume or value of each contract or agreement offered under the decision does not
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exceed the single-sale authority of the individual designated pursuant to paragraph 1d of
this section to sign the contract or agreement. Regional foresters may approve multi-task
order and multi-year stewardship contract projects, which include disposal of timber and
forest products, provided each task order or contract does not exceed their delegated
authority.
2404.22 - Designation of Actings
Subject to the limitations in FSM 2404.21 and consistent with direction in FSM 1231.3,
subordinates may be designated to act in the absence of the line officer in the sale and disposal of
timber and forest products. Each designation must be in writing and specify:
1. The area to which the designation applies (FSM 2404.21);
2. The period during which the designation is effective;
3. The timber sale and disposal activities included in the designation;
4. The kinds of material included; and
5. The maximum value or volume that may be approved in any one transaction.
In the short-term absence (2 weeks or less) of the designated contracting officer, a line officer
shall act as contracting officer for the administration of the contract unless that delegation has
been given to an alternate contracting officer following the procedures in FSM 2404.21. The
signature of a line officer acting for a contracting officer must appear over the title of
“contracting officer.”
In the long-term absence (greater than 2 weeks) of the designated contracting officer, a
replacement contracting officer shall be delegated authority following the procedures in section
FSM 2404.21.
2404.23 - Washington Office, Director, Forest Management
The Washington Office, Director, Forest Management, is authorized:
1. To award and enter into timber sale contracts whose values or volumes exceed the
authority granted to a regional forester as shown in FSM 2404.28, exhibit 01. In the
absence of the Director, an Associate Deputy Chief or the Deputy Chief for the National
Forest System, the Associate Chief, or the Chief must approve such a sale. This authority
includes the authority to select bidding methods, re-determine rates, enter into contract
modifications, designate contracting officers for sales made under the Chief’s authority,
and conduct related timber sale business.
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2. On a case-by-case basis to delegate to the regional forester or to a named contracting
officer, the authority to award and enter into a timber sale contract, integrated resource
contract, or stewardship agreement whose value or volume exceeds the authority granted
to the regional forester in FSM 2404.28, exhibit 01.
3. To exercise the authority of the Chief at 36 CFR 223.88 to specify bidding methods on
any Forest Service timber sale contract in any area where evidence indicates collusive
behavior or where less than normal competitive bidding practices may be occurring. This
authority includes specifying a mix of sealed and oral auction bidding in these situations
and concurring in proposed changes in historic bidding methods put forward by the
regional foresters under other circumstances. This authority may not be redelegated.
4. To exercise the authority of the Chief at 36 CFR 223.116(b) to cancel, partially cancel,
or unilaterally modify contracts when operations would result in serious environmental
degradation or resource damage (36 CFR 223.116 (a)(5)).
2404.24 - Regional Foresters
1. General Delegations. Each regional forester is granted the authority to sell and
dispose of timber in the volumes and values shown in FSM 2404.28, exhibit 01. By
official correspondence to a named individual, each regional forester shall delegate to
forest supervisors the authority to sell and dispose of timber within the following volume
and value limitations:
a. Free Use.
(1) Up to $10,000 during times of emergencies (as determined by the regional
forester) (36 CFR 223.8).
(2) Up to $5,000 for certain mining claims (36 CFR 223.9).
(3) In the Alaska region, up to 10,000 board feet of sawtimber and 25 cords of wood,
or an equivalent amount in other forms (36 CFR 223.10).
b. Seized Timber. Amount delegated on a case-by-case basis (36 CFR 223.3).
2. Amounts in Excess of the Station Director’s Sale Authority. The regional forester,
with the concurrence of the station director, may delegate to the forest supervisor
authority to enter into sales for amounts in excess of the station director’s sale authority
from experimental forests within the national forest boundary.
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3. Federal Sustained-Yield Units. Regional foresters with Federal Sustained-Yield Units
are delegated authority to designate approved responsible operators (AROs). This
authority may be redelegated to forest supervisors for sales other than sawtimber
(sawlogs).
4. Cancellation of Contracts Under 36 CFR 223.116(b). Regional foresters are
authorized to exercise the authority of the Chief at 36 CFR 223.116(b) to cancel
contracts, within their delegated authority at FSM 2404.28, that meet the criteria listed in
36 CFR 223.116 (a)(1) through (a)(4). This authority may not be redelegated.
5. Delegation of Contracting Officers. Regional foresters may delegate authority to
qualified individuals at the regional or forest level, both line and staff positions, to award
and administer timber sale contracts using forms FS-2400-6, FS-2400-6T, FS-2400-3S,
FS-2400-3P, FS-2400-3T, FS-2400-4, and FS-2400-2, and stewardship contracts using
integrated resource contract form FS-2400-13 and FS-2400-13T pursuant to the Contract
Disputes Act (FSM 2404.15). Such a delegation as contracting officer must be made to a
named individual in official correspondence for a specific contract or set of contracts.
The delegation may not be made to a position or issued in a FSM supplement. The
individual designated shall meet the minimum requirements stated in FSM 2452.4. In a
case where the same individual executes line and contract authorities, it is critical to
specify under which authority the individual is to carry out a given action
(FSM 2404.21).
6. Delegation of Authority to Dispose of Timber or Forest Products in Stewardship
Contracts and Stewardship Agreements. Regional foresters may delegate authority to
qualified individuals at the regional or forest level, both line and staff positions, to
dispose of timber on stewardship contracts and stewardship agreements using the
integrated resource service contract or stewardship agreement formats. Such delegation
must be made to a named individual in official correspondence for a specific contract or
set of contracts. The delegation may not be made to a position or issued in a FSM
supplement.
2404.25 - Forest Supervisors
Consistent with the authority delegated by the regional forester, forest supervisors shall issue
supplemental direction to FSM 2404.28, exhibit 01 to redelegate to district rangers, or by official
correspondence to a named individual, the authority to approve disposal of timber within the
following volume and value limitations:
1. Free Use. If delegated by the regional forester, $5,000 during times of emergencies
(36 CFR 223.8) and $5,000 for certain mining claims (36 CFR 223.9). If delegated by
the regional forester, Region 10, forest supervisors in Region 10 may redelegate up to
10,000 board feet of sawtimber and 25 cords of wood, or an equivalent amount in other
forms (36 CFR 223.10).
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2. Seized Timber. If delegated by the regional forester, forest supervisors shall
redelegate the amount on a case-by-case basis (36 CFR 223.3).
3. Delegation of Contracting Officers. Forest supervisors shall delegate authority to
qualified individuals at the district level, both line and staff positions, to award and
administer timber sale contracts using forms FS 2400-4 and FS 2400-2 pursuant to the
Contract Disputes Act (FSM 2404.15). A delegation to serve as contracting officer shall
be made by official correspondence to a named individual, for a specific contract or set of
contracts. The delegation may not be made to a position or issued in a FSM supplement.
The individual designated shall meet the minimum requirements stated in FSM 2452.4,
except as provided in FSM 2404.26. In a case where the same individual executes line
and contract authorities, it is critical to specify under which authority the individual is to
carry out a given action (FSM 2404.21).
2404.25a - District Rangers
Consistent with the authority delegated by the forest supervisor, district rangers shall redelegate
the authority to approve disposal of timber within the following volume and value limitations:
1. Free Use. If delegated by the forest supervisor, Region 10, district rangers in Region
10 may redelegate up to 10,000 board feet of sawtimber and 25 cords of wood, or an
equivalent amount in other forms (36 CFR 223.10).
2. Delegation of Forest Officers. District rangers may delegate authority to qualified
individuals at the district level to approve permits on forms FS-2400-1 and FS-2400-8
(FSM 2404.17). A delegation to serve as forest officer shall be made by official
correspondence to a named individual, for a specific permit or set of permits. The
delegation may not be made to a position or issued in a FSM supplement. The individual
designated shall meet the minimum requirements stated in FSM 2452.4.
2404.26 - Contracting Officers
Authority is limited to that specified by the regional forester for regional and forest contracting
officers (FSM 2404.24) and by the forest supervisor for district contracting officers
(FSM 2404.25).
The contracting officer for a procurement contract (FSM 6301.3) or integrated resource service
contract has authority to dispose of national forest timber and forest products when disposal of
such products is included as part of a procurement stewardship contract or stewardship
agreement, up to the limits specified by the regional forester. Delegation must be done by letter
from the regional forester outlining stewardship contracting and stewardship agreement authority
and responsibility for the sale and disposal of timber and forest products (FSH 2409.19, ch. 60).
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
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DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2404.27 - Station Directors
Authority includes commercial, administrative, special forest products, innocent trespass sales,
and administrative free use (FSM 2404.28, ex. 01).
2404.28 - Specific Delegations of Timber Sale and Disposal Authority
Exhibit 01 lists the maximum size or value of sales and other disposals by type, region, and
officer. Regional foresters and forest supervisors shall redelegate authorities to subordinate
positions on specific units. Do not use supplements to this exhibit to issue delegations to named
individuals; official correspondence shall be used for such delegations. Regional foresters shall
delegate authorities that exceed the amount authorized in exhibit 01 to named individuals for
specific sales.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2404.28 - Exhibit 01
Delegated Authority To Sell and Dispose of National Forest Timber and
Forest Products
Type of Disposal
and
Legal Authority
Commercial Sales
36 CFR 223.1
7 CFR 2.60
16 U.S.C. 2104 Note
Integrated Resource
Timber Sales (IRTC)
36 CFR 223.1
7 CFR 2.60
16 U.S.C. 2104 Note
Delegated Officer
1/
Maximum Level of
Approved Authority
(Volume or Value
Reference)
(CCF 2/)
Policy Reference
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
100,000
50,000
5,000
200
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
(CCF 2/)
FSM 2431
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
100,000
None
None
None
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
(CCF 2/3/)
10,000
None
None
None
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
(CCF 2/3/)
10,000
None
None
None
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
(CCF 2/)
100,000
5,000
500
200
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
FSM 2431
Integrated Resources
Service Contracts
(IRSC)
36 CFR 223.2
36 CFR 223.12
16 U.S.C. 2104 Note
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Stewardship
Agreements
36 CFR 223.2
36 CFR 223.12
16 U.S.C. 2104 Note
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Administrative Use
Sales
36 CFR 223.2
7 CFR 2.60
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
FSH 2409.19
FSH 2409.19
FSM 2463
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2404.28 - Exhibit 01—Continued
Type of Disposal
And
Legal Authority
Delegated Officer
1/
Special Forest Product
Sales
36 CFR 223.1
7 CFR 2.60
Regional Forester 4/
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Free Use
36 CFR 223.5-.10
7 CFR 2.60
Regional Forester 4/
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Federal Free Use
36 CFR 223.11
7 CFR 2.60
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor 8/
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Administrative Free
Use
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor 8/
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Settlement Sales
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor 8/
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Maximum Level of
Approved Authority
(Volume or Value
Reference)
($ Advertised Value)
$100,000
As Delegated
$10,000
$2,000
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
($ Appraised Value 3/)
$10,000
$5,000
$200
$None
Volume of Value
Exceeding RF Authority
($ Appraised Value 3/)
$10,000
As Delegated
None
None
Volume of Value
Exceeding RF Authority
(CCF 2/)
5,000
As Delegated
200
40
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
(CCF 2/)
5,000
As Delegated
200
40
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
Policy Reference
FSM 2467
FSM 2462
FSM 2462
FSM 2463
FSM 2464
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
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DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2404.28 - Exhibit 01—Continued
Type of Disposal
and
Legal Authority
Delegated Officer
1/
Exchange Timber Sales
36 CFR 223.4
36 CFR 223.14
7 CFR 2.60
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Seized Timber Sales
36 CFR 223.3
7 CFR 2.60
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor 8/
District Ranger 8/
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Innocent Trespass
Timber Sales
36 CFR 223.1
36 CFR 223.3
7 CFR 2.60
Cooperative and Federal
Sustained-Yield Unit
Sales
36 CFR 223.117
7 CFR 2.60
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Regional Forester 10/
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Timber Property Sales
36 CFR 223.1
7 CFR 2.60
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Environmental Analysis
36 CFR 223.1
36 CFR 223.2
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Station Director
Director, WO-FM
Maximum Level of
Approved Authority
(Volume or Value
Reference)
(CCF 2/)
100,000
5,000
None
None
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
(CCF 2/9/)
10,000
As Delegated
As Delegated
None
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
($ Appraised Value 8/)
No Limit
$10,000
$500
None
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
(CCF 2/)
100,000
50,000
5,000
None
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
(CCF 2/)
10,000
As Delegated
As Delegated
None
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
(CCF 2/)
100,000
As Delegated
As Delegated
200
Volume or Value
Exceeding RF Authority
Policy Reference
FSM 2465
FSM 2466
FSM 2469
FSM 2466
FSM 2468
FSM 2466
FSM 2469
FSH 2409.18
FSH 1909.15
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
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DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2404.28 - Exhibit 01—Continued
1/
Refer to FSM 2404.21, paragraphs 1a through d for the four separate authorities that may be
delegated to individuals. In making delegations, line officers may not exceed the volumes and
values in this exhibit unless otherwise delegated in writing.
2/ Volumes shown in hundred cubic feet (CCF) may be interpreted to mean an equivalent amount in
thousands of board feet (MBF), hundred cubic meters (CCM) or tons.
3/ As part of the project approval process, regional foresters shall authorize specific volume limit
delegations for the sale or disposal of timber and forest products. Delegations must be based on the
experience and qualifications of the assigned contracting officer. Sale and Disposal of timber and
forest products should be accomplished in a single task order, if possible.
4/ Regional forester, Region 10, is delegated 10,000 board feet of sawtimber and 25 cords of wood, or
an equivalent amount in other forms and may redelegate up to this amount to forest supervisors and
district rangers.
5/ Amounts listed are restricted by regulation (36 CFR 223.8).
6/ May be increased to $10,000 by regional forester in times of emergency, and regional forester may
delegate up to $5000 for certain mining claims (36 CFR 223.9).
7/ If delegated by regional forester, forest supervisor may redelegate up to $10,000 in times of
emergency and up to $5,000 for certain mining claims (36 CFR 223.9).
8/ Amount delegated on a case-by-case basis by the regional forester.
9/ If advertisement is impractical, sales of material with an appraised value of less than $10,000 will
be made on informal bids. (36 CFR 223.3).
10/ Regional foresters in Regions 3, 5, and 6 are delegated 100,000 CCF.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 09/28/2009
DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2409 - FOREST SERVICE HANDBOOKS (FSH)
2409.1 - Internal Servicewide Handbooks
The following handbooks are approved for use servicewide.
2409.11 - National Forest Log Scaling Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes procedures for measuring the wood content of logs in board feet and is
intended for field use.
2409.11a - Cubic Scaling Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes procedures for measuring the wood content of logs in cubic feet and is
intended for field use.
2409.12 - Timber Cruising Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes procedures for estimation of the timber volume in standing trees.
2409.12a - Timber Volume Estimator Handbook (FSH)
This handbook provides direction for establishing and testing mathematical equations and other
volume estimators used to calculate the volume of standing trees. It also requires standard
information to be collected and stored from measured trees for use in preparing the estimators.
2409.13 - Timber Resource Management Planning Handbook (FSH)
This handbook provides procedures, policy, and direction for planning and management of the
timber resource. It covers development of the Resource Planning Act assessment and program
and Forest plans.
2409.13a - Timber Permanent Plot Handbook (FSH)
This handbook provides direction on establishing permanent plots for sharing of timber growth
and yield information. It requires consistent and standard information to be collected on
permanent plots that are established for growth and yield modeling.
2409.14 - Timber Management Information System Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes the overall Timber Management Information System (TMIS), the
nationally supported portion of the system and reports available from it. The handbook contains
national coding structure used to describe data elements pertaining to timber management.
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2409.15 - Timber Sale Administration Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes procedures and requirements for the administration of timber sales.
2409.17 - Silvicultural Practices Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes silvicultural processes, with major emphasis on a nationally recognized
method for the calculation and display of stocking levels.
2409.18 - Timber Sale Preparation Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes processes and procedures used to plan and prepare timber sales, from
inception through award of the timber sale contract. Appraisal instructions specific to each
region may be issued in FSH 2409.22.
2409.19 - Renewable Resources Handbook (FSH)
This handbook provides direction for performing renewable resource protection and
improvement under approved timber sale area improvement plans using Knutson-Vandenberg
(K-V) funds, and provides direction for stewardship contracting. It brings together direction
traditionally issued by each functional area into one place in the Directive System.
2409.2 - Internal Unit Handbooks
The following handbooks are approved for issuance within regions. Where subject matter would
duplicate an area covered by a national handbook, regional instructions should be issued as
supplements to the national handbook rather than be maintained in a separate unit handbook.
2409.21e - Timber Management Control Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes procedures for timber stand record systems that are not part of a total
resource inventory. It includes direction for recording, storing and retrieving information about
tree stands. See FSH 6609.21, Total Resource Inventory for related processes and procedures.
2409.21h - Timber Management Data Handbook (FSH)
This handbook includes direction on timber management data specific to a region.
2409.22 - Timber Appraisal Handbook (FSH)
This handbook provides appraisal instructions and procedures specific to a region.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
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2409.26 - Silvicultural Practices Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes cultural practices necessary to manage timber stands. Topics covered
are cutting methods, reforestation, timber stand improvement, silvicultural examinations and
prescriptions, nurseries, seed collection, storage and handling, genetic tree improvement, and
integrated vegetation management. Regions may issue handbooks under this code by one of
three methods, as follows:
1. Issue one handbook (FSH 2409.26) for all forest types with a chapter for each broad
general type. Each chapter must include the applicable subjects for a given forest type.
2. Issue a handbook for each forest type that includes each of the subjects specified in the
preceding paragraph 1 for this handbook. Code each forest type handbook as an
expansion of FSH 2409.26 designated by a letter, starting with “n”; for example,
2409.26n, 2409.26o, 2409.26p, and so forth.
3. Issue a separate handbook for each of the following topics with codes authorized for
an expansion of FSH 2409.26, starting with FSH 2409.26b.
2409.26b - Reforestation Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes practices used in a region for planting of trees, care of planting stock,
and verification of reforestation success.
2409.26c - Timber Stand Improvement Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes practices used in timber stand improvement for the various forest types
within a region.
2409.26d - Silvicultural Examination and Prescription Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes procedures used to record data about tree stands. It includes instruction
for the form and content of silvicultural prescriptions.
2409.26e - Nursery Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes practices and procedures used in tree seedling nurseries within a region.
2409.26f - Seed Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes practices and procedures that apply to collection, handling, and storage
of cones and tree seed within a region.
WO AMENDMENT 2400-2009-2
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DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.
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2409.26g - Tree Improvement Handbook (FSH)
This handbook describes practices and procedures that apply to the genetic improvement of
forest trees. It includes selection of superior trees and breeding of their offspring.