The 1920s
1. Republican ________________ won the 1920 presidential election against Democratic candidate ______________ and
pledged a “___________________” following the dramatic domestic and international changes associated with WWI.
The Democratic candidate lost, as then President ____________ made the key election issue about ratifying the
______________.
2. The summer of 1919 was called “____ Summer” because of growing fears of ____________ within the U.S.
particularly as labor ___________ increased. The most radical example of this type of labor unrest was seen right here
in the Seattle _____________ in January 1919.
3. Led by _______________, the United Mine Workers of America struck for shorter hours and higher wages in 1919, but
Attorney General Palmer forced an end to the strike using a court ________________, a tactic used since the Supreme
Court validated it in the case In Re Debs.
4. The trigger for the __________ Raids was the ___________________ of the attorney general’s home and of Wall
Street businesses. The government blamed ____________________ in general, the _______________ in Russia (and
perhaps everywhere!), and the __________________ (labor union). Teachers and government officials were
encouraged and sometimes forced to take loyalty oaths pledging their “_______________.” Suspected communists
were sent on the “________ _____” to Russia despite little (if any) proof of terrorist activities. Overall, ___________
suffered most as membership declined as conservatives labeled members as un-American.
5. _____________ and _________________ were the two Italian immigrants executed with little proof.
6. The KKK during the 1920s resembled the antebellum political party _________________ and the Gilded Age
organization ___________________________. This incarnation of the KKK was pro-W_______
A________S________P_________, valued peoples of ___________ ancestry, and was glorified in D. W. Griffith’s
movie _______________________.
7. The ________________ Act of ___________ ended open immigration by setting a limit and __ ______ system based
on ____% of the 1910 census figures. The ______________ Act in 1924 further restricted immigration by setting a
limit of ____ % of the ______ census figures, which favored immigrants from _______________, _____________, and
______________. Meanwhile, immigrants from __ __________ and ________________ were exempt. Also, people
from _________ were completely banned from entering. This system stayed in place until 19____.
8. While _______________ had begun well before the _____ Amendment (many states had already outlawed alcohol)
and the ____________ Act, the lack of sufficient enforcement made it fairly easy to ignore the law. Additionally, the
high degree of corruption among government officials and plentiful __________ gave rise to _____________ and
__________ _________. Still, despite its later repeal, per capita consumption __________ during this era.
9. _____________________ defended the fundamentalist position in the _________ Trial about teaching _____________
in schools, which he felt should be banned. He lost the case and died right afterward.
10. The “_____________” of the 1920s was known for her short hair & dresses, public drinking & smoking, and dancing.
11. Many women held “p_____” collar jobs: they were an offshoot of white collared workers who were typically typists,
high school educated, and middle class.
12. Having returned from England in 1915, ___________________ led a lifelong crusade for _________________, which
she called the “right to ______________ _____________.” In her view, this would not only liberate women from a
role of sexual servitude, it would also “facilitation of the process of weeding out the __________.”
13. In the book ____ _______ _________ _________, Bruce Barton said _____________ was the first modern
businessman.
14. Treasury Secretary ________________ believed in “___________ ___________” tax policies: the economy would best
grow and prosper by providing tax relief to the rich and big business.
15. Regarding corporations, business ____________ became increasingly popular and fewer corporations came to
dominate American business.
16. The ________________ industry became the biggest industry in America in the 1920s, replacing steel. This new
industry stimulated other economic sectors such as rubber, road building, steel, and machine tools.
17. While business owners like Henry Ford quickly embraced _________________, workers hated “Taylorism” as it
concentrated power with managers, not workers.
18. Consumer’s thirst for material goods increased with the development of the ________________ profession and
payment plans based on lenient ___________.
19. The first gas-powered plane was flown and made by the _____________ Brothers in Kitty Hawk, _______________
(state). Like the automobile, the airplane was another setback for the ______________ industry as the airplane
industry usurped passengers and mail service from this once vital industry.
20. With the development of ____________, the Gilded Age entertainment of vaudeville in effect ceased.
21. The writings of psychiatrist ___________ contributed to changing thoughts on sex, which was used by some to justify
more promiscuous behavior.
22. Popular evangelist __________________ reflected fundamentalist values of the 1920s by speaking against the wild
youth of the J_______ A______ and for the Palmer Raids.
23. The _______ ______________ was the term for the flowering of African-American poetry, literature, art, and music in
the 1920s. It typically expressed the discrimination and pain experienced by African-Americans.
24. __________________ led the U________ N__________ I___________ A__________ which called for AfricanAmericans to go “Back to ____________.” He called for separatism and pride for blacks.
25. Gertrude Stein coined the term the “_______ _________” to describe the Post WWI writers disillusioned with
American society and who often lived as expatriates (lots living in Paris).
26. _________________ was the renowned architect of the 1920s.
27. Conservatives in the 20s believed that __________________ should run the government and that local government and
non-profit ________________ should aid ordinary citizens.
28. As conservatives continued to dominate the Supreme Court, the court overturned the previous limits for working ___
________ in the case __ __________ v. ________________ on the grounds that women were now political equals
since the passage of the 19th amendment and no longer deserved special protection.
29. Though the stock market crash of 19___ triggered the Global Great Depression, the long-term causes of the depression
included: weak domestic ____________ such as cotton, rail, and foodstuffs; over____________ by manufacturers and
underconsumption by consumers; a high protective _________ epitomized with the __________ - _________ Tariff;
an uneven distribution of _____________ in which half of the population lived below the __________ line; and an
unstable __________ system despite the Federal Reserve Act.
30. Hoover signed two pieces of farming legislation: the ____________ _______________ Act in early 1929 to develop
farmers’ cooperatives so farmers could “help themselves;” and, the ________________ to raise prices through the
government buying surpluses and selling it abroad.
31. To recover from the economic depression, Hoover believed _______________cooperation (as in WWI) would enable
the country to overcome the economic problems: he helped gain _____ ______ pledges from unions, urged business
not to ______ wages and lay off workers, and asked people to donate to _________. These actions were summed up in
his speech "_________ ________________" in which he stated his refusal to provide government relief to the people
as it would destroy the nation’s work ethic.
32. In 1932, Congress created the R__________ F________ C___________ to loan money to industries and banks in order
to prevent those businesses from failing. However, many saw this legislation under Hoover as merely helping the
_________, and not the growing number of starving masses.
33. Unemployed and homeless Americans were forced to live in shantytowns nicknamed "____________________."
34. In 1932 (on the eve of a presidential election!), unemployed WWI veterans known as the "________ _________"
marched on D.C. to demand money once promised following the war. When the Senate bonus bill failed, Hoover
called the _________ (led by General Douglas MacArthur, who thought the soldiers' protest was really an attempted
communist overthrow of the government) to disperse the protesters. The veterans were attacked with tear gas, their
camps burned, tanks rolled through D.C., all on the eve of an election.
35. In September 1931, Japan invaded _____________, a region north of China --which violated the Open Door. When
the League of Nations condemned this action, Japan left the league. The U.S. issued the ___________ Doctrine which
declared the U.S. would not recognize any territory conquered by force. This further angered Japan as the U.S. had
conquered territories just a few decades earlier. Similarly, Japan was not deterred and began bombing the Chinese city
of _____________ which it quickly took over.
36. Regarding Latin America, Hoover attempted to reverse TR's interventionist foreign policy by following the _________
____________ Policy, which was continued under FDR. For example, Hoover's administration negotiated a new treaty
with Haiti which resulted in the removal of U.S. troops.
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3
18th
1890
1921
1929
1965
Adkins v. Children’s Hospital
advertising
Africa
Agricultural Marketing
American Protective Assoc. (APA)
Americanism
Andrew Mellon
army
Asia
automobile
banking
Billy Sunday
birth control
Birth of a Nation
Bolsheviks
bombing
Bonus Boys
bootlegging
business leaders
Canada
charities
charities
Cox
credit
cut
decreased
evolution
Federal Farm Board (FFB)
Flapper
Frank Lloyd Wright
General Strike
Germany
Good Neighbor
Great Britain
Harding
Harlem Renaissance
Hawley Smoot
Hoovervilles
Immigration
income
industries
injunction
Ireland
Jazz Age
Jesus
John L. Lewis
Know Nothing
Latin America
League of Nations
Lost Generation
managers
Manchuria
Marcus Garvey
Margaret Sanger
mergers
movies
National Origins
no strike
Nordic
North Carolina
organized crime
overproduction
Palmer
pink
poverty
Prohibition
quota
radicalism
radicals
railroad
Reconstruction Finance
Corporation (RFC)
Red
return to normalcy
rich
rugged individualism
Sacco and Vanzetti
scientific management
Scopes
Shanghai
Sigmund Freud
Soviet Ark
speakeasies
Stimson
strikes
tariffs
The Man Nobody Knows
trickle down
underconsumption
unfit
unions
United Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA)
Volstead
voluntary
voluntary motherhood
White Anglo Saxon Protestant
William Jennings Bryan
Wilson
Wobblies
women
Wright