The Periodic Table
Periodic Table
 Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the known elements by
characteristics. He summarized his findings in the
periodic law which states:
 When the elements are arranged in order of increasing
mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically.
 The elements are arranged in increasing order
according to atomic mass.
 They are arranged in rows and columns based on
characteristics of elements.
Periodic Table
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Periodic Table
 Broadly elements can be divided into 3 groups
 Metals: good conductors of heat and electricity, they are
malleable (can be pounded into flat sheets), they are
ductile (can be drawn out into thin wires), shiny, lose
electrons, chemically reactive.
 Examples include chromium, copper, strontium, and lead
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Periodic Table
 Nonmetals: can be solids, liquids, or gases, poor
conductors of heat and electricity, gain electrons, undergo
chemical changes.
 Examples include oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and bromine
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Periodic Table
 Metalloids: show mixed properties between metals and
nonmetals. They are called semiconductors with
intermediate conductivity.
 Examples include silicon, arsenic, and antimony
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Periodic Table
 The Metal, Metalloids, and Nonmetals are arranged in
particular portions of the Periodic Table.
Periodic Table
 Each column of the Main group elements is called a
family or group. Each group has specific characteristics
 Noble gases- Group 8A Not reactive in most chemical
reactions, they are considered stable with no charge.
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Periodic Table
 Alkali Metals- Group 1A are all reactive metals, Some are
explosive. Have a positive 1 charge.
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Periodic Table
 Alkaline earth metals- Group 2A- Also fairly reactive, but
not as reactive as the alkali metals. Have a 2+ charge.
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Periodic Table
 Halogens- Group 7A Very reactive nonmetals. Have a
negative 1 charge as ions.
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Periodic Table
 The transition metals are in the middle of the table and
have varying charges