Scientific Advancements and the
Second Industrial Revolution
Modern World History 10
2009-2010
Androstic
Objectives:
79. Identify the accomplishments of Louis Pasteur and
Charles Darwin in the 19th century.
80. Compare the accomplishments of the Industrial
Revolution with the Second Industrial Revolution.
81. Explain how the invention of electricity contributed to
the Second Industrial Revolution.
82. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison, Alexander
Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and Guglielmo Marconi.
83. Identify on a map the industrialized and agrarian regions
of Europe.
79. Identify the accomplishments of Louis Pasteur and
Charles Darwin in the 19th century.
Louis Pasteur
• Proposed the germ
theory of disease –
diseases are caused by
microorganisms
• Also created
Pasteurization, which
slows microbial growth
in food
79. Identify the accomplishments of Louis Pasteur and
Charles Darwin in the 19th century.
Charles Darwin
• Proposed theories of
evolution and natural
selection
• Suggested that animals
with traits enabling
survival reproduce, and
slowly develop into a
new species
80. Compare the accomplishments of the Industrial
Revolution with the Second Industrial Revolution.
• The Industrial
Revolution gave rise
to textiles, railroads,
iron and coal
industries.
• The Second Industrial
Revolution was
highlighted by steel,
chemicals, electricity
and petroleum use.
81. Explain how the invention of electricity contributed
to the Second Industrial Revolution.
Why was electricity important to the Second
Industrial Revolution?
• easily converted into other forms of energy
• moved easily through wires
• power stations and generators could produce
power to supply many
• led to new inventions that harnessed its power
82. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison,
Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and Guglielmo
Marconi.
Samuel Morse:
• Invented the telegraph
• telegraph used clicks on
an electric circuit to send
a coded message along
wire
82. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison,
Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and Guglielmo
Marconi.
Alexander Graham Bell:
• Created with
inventing the
telephone
• Spoken messages
sent across
wire…duh!
82. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison,
Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and Guglielmo
Marconi.
Thomas Edison:
• Credited with
inventing the light
bulb
82. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison,
Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and Guglielmo
Marconi.
Guglielmo Marconi:
• Developed wireless
telegraphy
• Sent radio waves
wirelessly across the
Atlantic Ocean
83. Identify on a map the industrialized and agrarian
regions of Europe.
Objectives:
84. Compare socialism to capitalism.
85. Explain Marx’s theory on how a communist
state would be set up.
86. Recognize the impact of trade unions to the
Second Industrial Revolution.
87. Explain the philosophy of social Darwinism.
84. Compare socialism to capitalism.
84. Compare socialism to capitalism.
Capitalism
Socialism
•
•
•
•
• Government control
of industry
• No class system
• “Each according to
their ability, each
according to their
need.”
Free enterprise
Laissez faire
Social Darwinism
Class system
85. Explain Marx’s theory on how a communist
state would be set up.
 revolution to overthrow the
bourgeoisie
 proletariat sets up a dictatorship to
organize industry
 as industry is organized, society
would eventually fade into a
classless system
 slowly gov’t leadership would dwindle
away as it became unnecessary
86. Recognize the impact of trade unions to the
Second Industrial Revolution.
• go on strike to force
better conditions and
treatment by owners
• fought for better pay and
hours, safer conditions,
and the right to collective
bargaining (negotiation
between owners and
union workers)
87. Explain the philosophy of social Darwinism.
87. Explain the philosophy of social Darwinism.
• proposed by Herbert
Spencer
• suggested “survival of
the fittest” in economics
• some people are better
equipped to earn
wealth
• others are not fit, and
will remain poor