CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION
CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction
February 18th, 2014
By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu
BILL GRUSSENMEYER
INTRODUCTION – SECTIONS 1.1, 1.2
CS 790M
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OVERVIEW
• Ubiquitous interaction
• Emerging desire for usability
• Usability to user experience
• Emotional impact as part of the user experience
• Business case
• Roots of usability
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UBIQUITOUS INTERACTION
• Embedded systems
• Car key finder, embedded tags
• Mobile devices
• Smartphones, PDAs
• Wearable computing
• Google glass
• Human robot interaction
• Health care, disabilities
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HUMAN ROBOT INTERACTION
• Robotic telepresence for people with disabilities
•
Blind people can feel through haptic feedback
• Multi-user control of multi-robot systems
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3D INTERACTION SPACE
• Natural 3D interaction
•
Kinect
• Magic 3D interaction
• Design for comfort
•
Fatigue
•
Nausea
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DISNEY RESEARCH’S AIR INTERFACE
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DISAPPEARING COMPUTER (AMBIENT
INTELLIGENCE)
• General Example: electric motors
• Computers disappearing into walls, clothes, cars, tables, etc.
• How to interact with disappearing computers?
• MS Research’s Human Body as Electromagnetic Interface
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OLFACTORY INTERACTION
• Factories, loud and bright
•
Workers wearing goggles and ear plugs
•
Mint smell to alert workers for evacuation
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DEFINITION OF USER EXPERIENCE
• Totality of the effect or effects felt by a user as a result of interaction with, and
the usage context of, a system, device, or product
•
Presentation
•
Remembering
•
Emotional impact
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DEFINITION OF INTERACTION
• Broad definition: mutual or reciprocal action, effect, or influence
• In terms of computers: user and computer interacting with each other and the
environment
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USABILITY AND USEFULNESS
• Usability is the pragmatic component of user experience, including effectiveness,
efficiency, productivity, ease-of-use, learnability, retainability, and the pragmatic
aspects of user satisfaction.
• Usefulness is the component of user experience to which system functionality gives
the ability to use the system or product to accomplish the goals of work (or play).
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FUNCTIONALITY AND EMOTIONAL
IMPACT
• Functionality is power to do work (or play)
• Emotional impact is the affective component of user experience that
influences user feelings.
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DESIRE FOR USABILITY
• Voting machines
• Police systems
• Airports
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CROWD SOURCING
• VizWiz: identification of photographs for the blind
• Google Street View: accessibility problems on streets
• Audio captioning on the internet
• NASA Crowdsourcing
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ALEX REDEI
INTRODUCTION – SECTIONS 1.3, 1.4
CS 790M
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EMOTIONAL IMPACT
• Affective component of user experience
• About user feelings
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EMOTIONAL IMPACT INCLUDES
• Pleasure, fun, joy of use, aesthetics, desirability
• Engagement, novelty, originality, “coolness” factor
• Appeal, self-expression, self-identity, pride of ownership
• Elegance, trustworthiness, a feeling of contribution to world
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USER SATISFACTION
• Has been a part of usability
• Really more closely related to emotional impact, but still part of user
experience
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USER EXPERIENCE (MOSTLY)
FELT INTERNALLY BY USER
• Equals totality of effect or effects felt (experienced) internally by a user
as result of interaction
• User experience cannot be designed
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•
Do not say you are designing the user experience
•
But you can design for a good user experience
PHENOMENOLOGICAL ASPECTS
OF INTERACTION
• Deriving from phenomenology
•
Philosophical examination of foundations of experience and action
• Cumulative effects of emotional impact considered over long term
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“PRESENCE” OF A PRODUCT
• Presence of a product is relationship with users in which product becomes a
personally meaningful part of their lives
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•
An essential part of phenomenological aspects of interaction
•
Usage of technology takes on a presence in our lifestyles
•
Technology is used to make meaning in our lives
MEASURING USER EXPERIENCE
• Neither user experience nor any of its components can be measured
directly
• We estimate user experience and its components by measuring
indicators
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MEASURING USER EXPERIENCE
• Neither user experience nor any of its components can be measured
directly
• We estimate user experience and its components by measuring
indicators
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QUALITY USER EXPERIENCE
• Functionality is important, but a quality user experience is more so
• Section 1.3.5 talks about the smartphone example. So I did a little
research:
• Blackberry dominated the smartphone market at 52.5% market share in
2009, now they are estimated to hold only ~6% [1]
• Apple entered late, but has captured 43% of the market [2]
• This is one example where one phone had better features (blackberry)
but the other phone (iPhone) had better usability.
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[1] Brandon, J., Is Blackberry Loosing Ground, Web. Accessed 2/18/14, http://www.inc.com/articles/2010/is-blackberry-losingground.html
[2] Whitney, L., iPhone Market Share Shrinks as Android / Windows Phone Grow, Web. Accessed 2/18/14, http://news.cnet.com/830113579_3-57616679-37/iphone-market-share-shrinks-as-android-windows-phone-grow/
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT
Quote from Joel Spolsky
USABILITY
mentioned in the book…
• Not “dummy proofing”
• Not “user-friendliness”
•
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•
Users are not looking for amiability
•
They need efficient and
effective tools
It is not (necessarily)
high-tech or “cool”
• I simply could not figure out how to open the
bizarre new packaging. It represents a
complete failure of industrial design; an utter
‘F’ in the school of Donald Norman’s Design
of Everyday Things. To be technical about it, it
has no true affordances and actually has
some false affordances: visual clues as to how
to open it that turn out to be wrong.” And:
“[This] is just the first of many ways that
Office 2007 and Vista’s gratuitous redesign of
things that worked perfectly well shows utter
disregard for all the time you spent learning
the previous versions.
Even the Office
2007 Box has a
learning curve!
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT
USABILITY
• To a user the interaction experience is the system.
• “Doing usability” sometimes thought of as equivalent to usability testing
•
Diagnostic view
•
Book points to a particular scenario where a usability was performed, and
users had requested a feature that already exists?!
• Or sometimes usability is seen to be about dressing it up
•
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“After the software is built, I want the usability people to make it look pretty”
FUN EXAMPLE
• Open Mozilla Firefox
•
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Type about:about in the address bar. You will find an index of advanced
configurations available in the system.
RUI WU
INTRODUCTION – SECTIONS 1.5, 1.6
CS 790M
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USABILITY & USER
EXPERIENCE
• My part: 1.5 ~ 1.6
• “UX”: refer to most things that have to do with designing for a high
quality user experience
• Usability & User Experience means a lot!
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• Usability issues can add as much as
50% to the total cost of software
ownership!
• —e.g. Resident Evil 5 (2009) vs
reservoir dogs (2006)
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RESIDENT EVIL 5 VS
RESERVOIR DOGS
• Resident Evil 5—money used to optimize, perfect
performance on PC
• Reservoir Dogs—almost not optimize! frames per second
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QUESTIONS
• How to figure out whether there are some problems with usability and
user experience?( No one complains to you directly)
(1)Your users are accessing only a small portion of the overall
functionality your system offers
(2)There are a significant number of technical support calls about how to
use a particular features in the product.
(3)There are requests for features that already exist in the product
(4)Your competitor’s products are selling better, even though your
products has more features
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QUESTIONS
• A business strategy: training as a substitute for
usability in design—will that work?
e.g. instruction bulletin, for example: on
print Notice or there will be a mistake.
page 2, you must answer Yes to
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HUMAN FACTORS
• Branch of science and technology
• First wave of formative influence of HCI
• History, when it came across with computers.
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• Human—the most complex part of almost any system,
BUT what about cause of errors or system failure?
• Point of human factor engineering—
(1)susceptibility of human for errors
(2)design the system to prevent them.
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EXAMPLE OF HUMAN FACTORS
ENGINEERING
• Cars & autobrake
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOn4729TcJ0
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PSYCHOLOGY & COGNITIVE SCIENCE
•
Second wave of formative influence
• Similarities with human factors:
(1)Many connections to the design
(2)Evaluation of human performance—including cognition, memory…
• Differences with human factors
—psychology is more about human per se and human factors engineering
looks at the human as a component in a larger system for which
performance is to be optimal
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• Important application—modeling users as human information
processors
—e.g. keystroke-level model
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJLaqYzk55E
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TASK ANALYSIS
•
•
The process of describing tasks( how user do things) and their
relationships
e.g. play games more real—gamepad vibrates to simulate shooting
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COMPUTER SCIENCE
•
•
Major job: opening the way to practical programming techniques
for bringing interaction designs to life on computer
e.g.— point-and-click style of interaction in 1980s and 1990s
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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
• Relationship between software engineering and usability engineering
—in ideal world, one would expect close connection a new
add new functions to the software
task,
—in reality, these two aspects cannot communicate with each other
until the very end( more information in C23)
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RECOMMENDATION
• Gamepad vibration video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgV-DtGKCHs
• A paper about the relationship between usability and software engineering
Http://www.it-c.dk/people/slauesen/Papers/Interact97PosPaper.pdf
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