GIS TUTORIAL 1
Lecture 1
Introduction to GIS
Outline

GIS overview

GIS data and layers

GIS applications and examples

Software overview

GIS tutorial 1 overview
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Lecture 1
GIS OVERVIEW
What is GIS?


Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are
computerized systems designed for the
storage, retrieval and analysis of
geographically referenced data
GIS uses advanced analytical tools to
explore at a scientific level the spatial
relationships, patterns, and processes of
cultural, biological, demographic, economic,
geographic, and physical phenomena
Got
that?
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Tools for GIS

Hardware





Software





Computer
Digitizer
Scanner
Printer/Plotter
Desktop GIS
Internet GIS
CAD Software
Database Software
Multimedia (photos, videos, 3D models)
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Unique capabilities of GIS


GIS stores related geographic features
in separate collections of files called
map layers
Map layers can be reused easily and
assembled into any number of map
compositions and overlaid for analysis
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GIS answers the following

Location: What is at...? Where is it?

Condition: Status of features?

Trends: What has changed since...?

Patterns: What spatial patterns exist?

Modeling: What if…?
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Scale of GIS data
Global to local
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Vector data

Map features
 Points, lines, polygons

Feature attributes
 Every feature has attributes (e.g. name, area,
population)
Shape
Name
Class
Pop2000
State
Point
New York
City
8,008,278
NY
Point
Los Angeles
City
3,694,820
CA
Point
Chicago
City
2,896,016
IL
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Raster Data
Stored electronic image
or picture taken as an
aerial photograph or
satellite image
Composed of a rectangular array of
square cells, called pixels, with a number
in each cell representing the solid color fill
of that cell
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Lecture 1
GIS DATA AND LAYERS
GIS example


Identify polluting companies and their
proximity to populations in poverty, water
features, or schools.
Start with
 Databases
 Map layers
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Databases
Not easy to interpret
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Data shown as GIS layers
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Additional layers
Political features (municipalities)
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Additional layers
Physical features (lakes, rivers, etc.)
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Additional layers
Administrative data (schools)
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Maps and tables are interactive
Identify features
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Maps and tables are interactive
Select features
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Advanced GIS functions
Proximity selections
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Advanced GIS functions

Buffers
 Select top polluting companies and show the number of
schools within 2 miles of these companies.
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Lecture 1
GIS APPLICATIONS AND
EXAMPLES
GIS applications
A/E/C
Civil engineering, surveying.
Business
Site location, delivery systems, marketing, media and
press, real estate.
Defense/intelligence
Military operations, geospatial intelligence
Government
Federal, state, local, economic development, elections,
urban and regional planning.
Health
Public health, health and human services, hospitals,
managed care, research.
Natural resources
Agriculture, archaeology, climate change, conservation,
environmental management, forestry, marine and coast,
mining, petroleum, water resources.
Public safety
Computer-Aided Dispatch, emergency/disaster
management, EMS, homeland security, law enforcement,
fire protection, wildfire management
Transportation
Aviation, highways, logistics, railways, ports and maritime,
public transit
Utilities/communications
Electric, gas, pipeline, telecommunications,
water/wastewater
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GIS examples


Instructor should add examples specific to
their industry or teaching here
What an excellent idea. I think I have just a
few examples here…
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Analysis
What Should Be
Anticipated for a
Katrina-Magnitude
Disaster?
S JU
ANITA
AV
Floor Area, "The Avenues"
AV
S IRE NA
AV
JUL
IA
KNOB HIL
L AV
AVE A
AVE A
AVE B
AVE C
YNEZ AV
AVE B
AVE C
S PROS
PE CT AV
ST
KNOB HILL AV
SAP PHIRE
S JUANITA
AV
AVE A
AV
JULIA
AV
A
IT
AN
JU
YNEZ AV
AST H
WY
S P AC
IFIC
CO
S ELVI
RA AV
S BRO
ADW AY
S CATALI
NA AV
S CATALINA AV
1,458 sq. ft.
AVE B
AL
ST
S
AVE A
AVE B
RE
HIRE
SAP P
KNOB HILL
AV
AVE A
O
IN
M
CA
ST
IRE
PH
KNOB HILL AV
AVE C
AVE D
AVE D
S
AV
AV
EE
S
S
AVE F
AV
E
AV
AV
G
AV
E
E
YN
EZ
AV
AV
PAL OS VER
DES BLVD
D
LV
SB
DE
ER
SV
S IREN
LO
A AV
A
P
S
HE
LB
ER
TA
S
GE
AV
RT
R
UD
A
AV
LO
S
VE
AV
E
BL
VD
S PACIFIC COAST HWY
Floor area (sq. ft.)
0 - 999
1000 - 1999
2000 - 2999
3000 - 3999
4000 - 5999
E
R
DE
S
AVE G
AVE G
TR
U
DA
RT
A
F
PA
AVE G
A
VE
GE
R
HE
LB
E
IR
EN
A
N
Neighborhood boundary
S PROSPECT AV
DA
RU
RT
GE
AVE E
S PROSPECT AV
AVE D
S
AVE F
S CATALINA AV
3,917 sq. ft.
AVE D
YNEZ AV
AVE C
AVE D
1988-2001
SERP
ENTIN
E ST
LINA AV
BEFORE 1988
TOTAL FLOOR
AREA (AVG.)
P
SA
TOP
AZ ST
S CATA
YEAR BUILT
ST
S GERT
RUDA
AV
TO PAZ
S PROSPECT AV
S PACIFIC COAST HWY
Size of New Homes in Redondo
Beach
Responding to Citizen Requests in Torrance—Using GIS to Focus
Field Investigations
City of Torrance
School Facility Needs Analysis
City of Redondo Beach
Population 5-18
City of Redondo Beach
Population 5-18 per Dwelling Unit
N
N
ROB IN SON ST
VAIL AVE
VAIL AVE
0.357
0.430
656 717
HAR R IM AN LN
970
0.461
T
KNOB HILL AV
0.100
School Sites
Students Per Unit 2000
0 - 0.1
0.1 - 0.2
0.2 - 0.3
0.3 - 0.4
0.4 - 0.5
0.337
Source: 2000 Census
T HWY
S PACIFIC COAS
T HWY
S PACIFIC COAS
Public School
Surplus School Site
0.286
898
EMER ALD ST
EMER ALD ST
0.096
161
HWY
COAST
School Sites
T
ECT AV
IFIC
N PAC
ECT AV
HWY
COAST
0.332
935
N PROSP
S
ITA
AN
N PROSP
IFIC
N PAC
0.067
182N D ST
190T H ST
190T H ST
S
ITA
AN
766
RINDGE LN
RINDGE LN
0.377
182N D ST
ART ES IA B L VD
798
HAWTHORNE BLVD
HAR R IM AN LN
0.357
HAWTHORNE BLVD
ART ES IA B L VD
0.277
INGLEWOOD AVE
ROB IN SON ST
957
AVIATION BLVD
INGLEWOOD AVE
AVIATION BLVD
0.455
217 874
KNOB HILL AV
193 659
Public School
Surplus School Site
School Population 2000
0 - 200
201 - 400
401 - 600
601 - 800
801 - 1000
Source: 2000 Census
Zoning and Property Information
Adult Business Ordinance

Determine allowed parcels

Identify impacted neighbors

Ensure defensibility of ordinance
Fire Station Siting
City of Redondo Beach Fire Department
Incident Calls (January 2000 - June 2002)
City of Redondo Beach, South of 190th/Anita St.
Sensitive Land Uses (2002)
N
INGLEWOOD AV
ST
C IFIC
N PA
ITA
AN
AVIATION BLVD
N
MARINE AV
240
N PROS
T HW
C OAS
ROBINSON ST
236
396
HE
P
LA
NLN
182ND ST
195
HWY
1176
PECT AV
N PROS
N PCH
S PACIFIC COAST
T
KNOB HILL AV
421
S PCH
Public School
Private School
Senior Housing
Hotel
Power Plant
Major Medical Facility
155
190TH ST
S
ITA
AN
EMERALD ST
Use
RINDGE LN
EM ERALD ST
HAWTHORNE BLVD
V
PECT A
Y
310
ARTESIA BLVD
293
Incident Calls
100 - 399
400 - 699
700 - 1199
KNOB HILL AV
203 169
Source: City of Redondo Beach Fire Department
Operations & Special Event
Planning
Hometown Fair & 10K
Arts Festival
Grand Prix
Robinson Fun Run
Grandview Gator 5K
Earth Day
Fireworks Festival
City of Lomita
Response to Los Angeles Co.
Office of Emergency Mgmt.
Information Request
Water Systems
Tabular Data
Compared to a picture
Traffic Accident Analysis
Transportation
• Route planning
• Route locater
• Identification of
funding
Economic Development







Sales tax provides 40% of the city’s
revenue
Licenses and permits make up another
11%
Other revenue sources are eroding
Good jobs make for a stable community
Retaining existing businesses saves jobs
New businesses and development can
replace blight
Economic development is proactive
How can GIS help?











Better visualization and analysis of current and future
conditions
Aggregate a variety of geographic features and demographics
Notify residents and businesses of activities and opportunities
Avoid shotgun approach
Better redevelopment planning
Make development easier
Reduce duplication of data
Provide site selections
Create marketing opportunities
Speed your decision making
Get a competitive edge
TM
Tabular Data
Maps




Use maps to enhance text based
marketing
Use vicinity maps to contrast with other
communities
Demonstrate the unique
strengths of your
community
Show target areas
More Maps
Redevelopment project areas
Special design areas
Demographics
Anticipated or desired development
Local attractions (i.e., universities,
airports)
Current projects
Traffic volumes
Yet More Maps
Location
Location
Location
Analysis








Know thyself!
Identify under-served markets
Find potential development sites
Identify areas in need of redevelopment
Overlay projects with other activities
to avoid conflicts
Make better informed decisions
Cluster projects
Identify labor pool
Industry Clusters
Some industries prefer to locate in close
proximity to similar industries or need
to be close to suppliers
Business Analyst Online Demo
Inside Versus Outside Needs
Staff needs are different from public
needs
Private goals and public goals
sometimes
differ
Staff can interpret needs
and be flexible
Flexible bureaucrats???
Economic Development on
the Internet
Listings of parcels
Contact information
Parcel search
Building permits
Demographics
Describe your
community
Elections
• Polling place
location
• Identification of
potential voter fraud
• Analysis of election
results
Redistricting
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Related technologies

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Aerial photography
Data Gathering with GPS
Data Sources










Internet!!!
Use available data sources
Census
SCAG
California Trade & Commerce Agency
US Department of Labor
Cal State Dominguez Hills
Libraries
Real estate brokers
Internal sources
Business license
Crime data
arcgis.com
What can’t GIS do?








Make decisions -- it is a tool
Solve problems alone
Replace legal documents (parcels)
Generate money by selling data
Can’t make a silk purse from a sow’s ear
(GIGO)
Make your data more accurate
Update itself
Work by itself -- needs data and trained staff
Lecture 1
SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
ArcMap (Desktop GIS)
Main menu
Table of
contents
Tools
toolbar
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Standard
toolbar
Map
document
window
Identify
results
window
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Map documents



(.mxd) extension
“Points” to layers
Saves layer colors, symbology, etc.
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Tutorial 1-1.mxd

Two layers
 USCities (red points, restricted to major cities)
 USStates (yellow polygons)
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Adding map layers
Separate files added to a map document
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Geodatabases
The geodatabase is a "container" used to
hold a collection of datasets (GIS features,
tables, raster images, etc).
Country layer
World.gdb
Graticule layer
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ArcCatalog
Arranges and manages geographic
information in workspace folders and
geodatabases.
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ArcToolbox
Advanced tools
with form-based
input by users
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Lecture 1
GIS TUTORIAL 1
OVERVIEW
Part I Using and making maps

Chapter 1: Introduction
 Learn the basics of working with existing GIS data and maps

Chapter 2: Map design
 Learn how to create choropleth and point maps

Chapter 3: GIS outputs
 Learn how to build and export maps using GIS data
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Part II Working with spatial data

Chapter 4: File geodatabases
 Learn how to create geodatabases and import data into them

Chapter 5: Spatial data
 Explores the basic data types used within GIS and then shows
how to use the Internet to gather GIS data

Chapter 6: Digitizing
 Learn how to digitize vector data and transform data to match
real-world coordinates

Chapter 7: Geocoding
 Learn how to map address data as points through the geocoding
process

Chapter 8: Geoprocessing
 Perform spatial analysis using geoprocessing tools
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Part III Learning advanced GIS applications

Chapter 9: Spatial analysis
 Perform spatial analysis using geoprocessing tools and analysis
workflow models

Chapter 10: ArcGIS 3D analyst
 Introduces ArcGIS 3D Analyst, allowing users to create 3D
scenes, conduct fly-through animations, and conduct line-of-sight
studies

Chapter 11: ArcGIS spatial analyst
 Introduces ArcGIS Spatial Analyst for creating and analyzing
raster maps, including hillshades, density maps, site suitability
surfaces, and risk index surfaces
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Chapter structure

Tutorials
 Multiple tutorials in every chapter
 Include step-by step exercises

Your turn
 Reinforce the skills learned in the step-by-step exercises

Advanced assignments
 Found at the end of each chapter.
 Provokes critical problem-solving skills
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GIS tutorial data

Data
 \ESRIPress\GIST1\Data\
 Map layers, geodatabases,
data tables, etc.
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GIS tutorial data

Maps
 \ESRIPress\GIST1\Maps\
 Map documents
 Starting place for tutorials
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GIS tutorial data

MyAssignments
 \ESRIPress\GIST1\MyAssignments\
 Location to save end of
chapter assignments
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GIS tutorial data

MyExercises
 \ESRIPress\GIST1\MyAssignments\
 Location to save tutorial exercises
 Finished exercises are solutions to tutorial
exercises
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Tutorial Tips

no spaces in file names!

check that files/folders are not Read-Only

some results you’ll need to save for use in later
labs

do ‘Your Turn’ boxes during class

do ‘Assignments’ outside of class
Tutorial Tips

Just try

It’s so easy, even a manager can do it

Ask for help and be willing to help your
colleagues
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You’re going too fast/slow!



Some tutorials will be in class to have help
available
Some tutorials will be on your own because
class time is so limited
We will not do tutorials together or you would
go crazy
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READ!!!

Don’t just be a button clicker

Read the text, not just the instructions

Don’t skip steps

Don’t freak out if something goes wrong

Learn from each other
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Summary

GIS overview

GIS data and layers

GIS applications and examples

Software overview

GIS Tutorial 1 overview
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