Earth’s Layers
Target #1I can
identify
the
different
layers of
earth
• The earth is divided in to
four layers
– crust, mantle, inner core,
outer core
• The upper region of the crust is
known as the lithosphere
• The upper region of the mantle
and lower region of the crust is
known as the asthenosphere
Target #2- I can state what scientists use to determine
the characteristics of earth ‘s crust
• Thanks to earthquakes, the seismic waves
they give off and the instruments used to
gather data about such events, we now know
the following about each of earth’s layers.
– chemical composition
– temperature
– density
– depth
Checking for Understanding
• How do scientists know about the different
layers of the Earth?
A. By studying volcanic activity
B. They can’t study the layers, we can’t go there to
see it
C. By analyzing earthquakes and seismic activity
D. By sending down a probe to go into the earth
• Crust- outermost layer of earth
– Two types
• Oceanic and continental
– Composition
• Calcium, sodium, and silicates
– Lighter materials
– Characteristics
• Rocky & brittle
• Contain fractures from earthquakes
– Make up almost .5% of earth’s
mass
– Depth- 50km
– Temperature: 0oC
Target #3I can
outline
the
properties
of the
crust
Target #4-I can outline the properties of the
mantle
• Mantle- the second layer of earth
– Composition
• Iron, magnesium, aluminum, silicates
– Heavier materials
– Characteristics
• Mostly solid
• Move in a plastic manner
– Like silly putty
• A region moves through convection
– Approximately 67% of Earth’s mass
– Depth: 10-2,890km
– Temperature: +1000oC
Checking for Understanding
• What does it mean to be “plastic”
A.
B.
C.
D.
Like tupperware or a water bottle
To be in solid form, and unmoldable
To be in solid form, and moldable
To have had too many surgical enchanements
done to your body
• Convection
Target #5- I
can explain
the
process of
convection
– Occurs when hot magma
rises from the lower part of
the mantle to the upper part of
the mantle
– As the magma rises, it cools
– Once the magma cools it
sinks back down
Target #6- I can outline the properties of the outer
core
• Outer Core- 3rd layer of earth
– Composition
• Iron, sulfur, and oxygen
– Characteristics
• Molten
• Convection occurs, just like in the mantle
– Makes up almost 31% of earth’s mass
– Depth: 2,890-5150km
– Temperature: 3700oC
• Inner Core- centermost layer
– Composition
• Iron
– Heaviest material
– Characteristics
• Solid
– Makes up almost 2% of
earth’s mass
– Depth: 5,150-6370km
Target #7- I
can outline
the
properties
of the inner
core
Analysis
• Which layer is the thickest layer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core
Explanation
• Why would the heavier materials, like iron,
can only be found in large amounts in the
inner core and not on earth’s surface?
LAYERS OF THE EARTH RAP
Target #8- I can convert metric units into imperial
units
• Metric Moment
– Lets convert km to miles
• 1 km = .621 miles
• To calculate amount of miles, multiply the number of
kilometers by .621 miles
– Example
• How many miles are in 82km?
•
Checking for Understanding
• How many miles are in 1,122.6km?
– Lets convert Celcius to Farenheit
• 1.8(____ oC) + 32 = _____ oF
– Example
• What is 44oC in Fahrenheit?
Checking for Understanding
•
What is 102oC in Fahrenheit?