ASEAN WORKING GROUP ON WATER
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(AWGWRM)
Feed back from ASEAN Working Group for
“ASEAN IWRM Country Strategy Guidelines
IWRM Monitoring Status Guidelines for ASEAN
Countries”
Updated July 2010
Feed Back From ASEAN Countries
Country
Malaysia
Myanmar
Singapore
Indonesia
Vietnam
Lao
Cambodia
Brunei
Thailand
Philippine
Key Issues
Water
Supply
/
Irrigation
/
Storm Water
Management
/
Flood
Management
/
Water
Pollution
Management
/
Sanitation
Management
/
/
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
R
E
S
P
O
N
D
R
E
S
P
O
N
D
R
E
S
P
O
N
D
R
E
S
P
O
N
D
R
E
S
P
O
N
D
R
E
S
P
O
N
D
R
E
S
P
O
N
D
R
E
S
P
O
N
D
/
No
Respond
/
/
/
Water Supply
Country
Philippines
Monitoring Indicators
1. Percentage of population having
access to piped drinking water
Description
In the Philippines, the extent of water supply and coverage and population
access to safe drinking water and sanitation services cannot be fully
ascertained as monitoring systems and linkages still to be strengthened or
developed.
Based on estimates made by Moore (2006), out of the 80% water supply
coverage only 76 % are having piped connections, On the other hand,
Worldbank Report (2005) showed that the population with formal access
to safe drinking water is around 79% distributed as follows: 44% with
individual house connections, 10% with shared connections through
communal faucets and 25% relying on shared point sources without
distribution.
The extension of coverage has not kept pace with the growing population in
the last few decades. According to the Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for
Water Supply and Sanitation of UNICEF and WHO, access to an improved
source of water supply actually decreased from 87% in 1990 to 85% in
2004.
In order to address the MDG targets on access to potable water supply the
Philippine Water Supply Roadmap was formulated that identified short and
long term programs/plans. As regards to the availability of updated and
validated information and baseline data on water supply coverage, a sector
assessment study is currently being conducted.
Water Supply cont.
Country
Philippines cont….
Monitoring Indicators
2. Average hour of water
supplied per day
Description
Generally 18 – 24 hours
Currently there is no standard information on the number of hours the
different water service providers are operating. It varies depending on the
guidelines imposed by regulatory agencies and the condition of water service
providers and sources of water supply.
For Metro Manila, served by the two private concessionaires (Maynilad and
Manila Water) water is being supplied 24 hours a day or less depending on the
area being served.
In other urban areas, Water District’s water is supply water for less than 24
hours a day.
Private water service providers being regulated by the National Water
Resources Board (NWRB), the water supply hour is only 8 hours however,
actual operation could be less.
Variable
3. Per capita domestic water
consumption
In a 2004 sample of 45 water service providers, the NWRB found an average
consumption of 118 l/d/c. The highest consumption was recorded in the East
Zone of Metro Manila with 232 l/d/c.[26]
Water Supply cont.
Country
Philippines cont….
Monitoring Indicators
Description
4. Percentage of water supply
metered
Generally, water supply by piped connections is metered. At this point, we don’t have
statistics of the percentage of water supply metered.
5. Percentage of UFW/NRW
Typically more than 20 %
In the Philippines the provision of basic water services is the responsibility of various
institutions and the consolidation of information on NRW of these water service
providers could take time.
Available information shows that the estimated NRW of the two concessionaires
tasked to serve Metro Manila ranges from 20% to 66%. On the other hand, for
provincial urban water services Water Districts’ average NRW is 26%.
Malaysia
1. Percentage of population having
access to piped drinking water
91.6 %
Urban – 96.8%
Rural – 86.5%
2. Percentage of water deliver
(cu.m) to customer meeting
WHO guidelines for drinking
water quality
100%
All water supplied through pipe network are produced in water treatment plant
which is complied to the WHO standard
Rural area getting water from well or channeled from river or other water course
are complied with minimum standard
Water Supply cont.
Country
Malaysia
cont….
Monitoring Indicators
Description
3.
Average hour of water
supplied per day
24 hrs
All water supplied through pipe network are available all the time
4.
Per capita domestic water
consumption
202 l/c/d is a national average
5.
Percentage of water supply
metered
100%
Domestic – 64.9%
Commercial – 35.1%
Myanmar
No respond
No respond
Thailand
No respond
No respond
Vietnam
No respond
No respond
Lao
No respond
No respond
Cambodia
No respond
No respond
Brunei
No respond
No respond
Singapore
No respond
No respond
Indonesia
No respond
No respond
Irrigation
Country
Philippines
Monitoring Indicators
1. Percentage of irrigated area
versus the total potential
irrigable area
Description
49% as of 2008
The government has undertaken the biggest reform initiative on the irrigation
sector for the last 30 years. The government intensified its program on
rehabilitation, repair and restoration of irrigation systems.
The government through the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) is currently
undertaking the following programs:
Irrigation Sector Restructuring and Reform, to support the implementation of a
rationalization plan for NIA and the strengthening of its institutional capacity to
deliver efficient irrigation services;
Irrigation Infrastructure Development, to improve the delivery of irrigation
services in at least 58 selected NISs through rehabilitation with modernization ;
and
Project Management and Coordination, to provide support for an efficient
coordination, implementation and management of the project, including
strengthening the financial management and procurement functions and the
establishment and operation of the monitoring and evaluation system for the
project.
As of December 31, 2008, the total service area developed was 1,519,942 ha or
49% of the estimated potential irrigable area of 3,126,340 ha. Of this area, 748,593
ha are under NIS, 554,020 ha in CIS and 217,329 ha in private irrigation systems
(PIS). The remaining potential area to be developed is still 1,607,073 ha. The
estimated potential irrigable area those primarily devoted to rice and corn and up
to 3% slope.
Irrigation cont.
Country
Malaysia
Monitoring Indicators
2.
Percentage of irrigated area
versus the total potential
irrigable area
Description
Irrigation in Malaysia has been directly linked to the nation’s rice industry. The
total physical paddy area (irrigated and non-irrigated) in Malaysia is about a
26,400 hectares in 2008. About 236,600 hectares or 55 per cent of the total
paddy areas in the country are provided with extension irrigation and drainage
facilities while the remaining are rain-fed areas.
Of the irrigated areas, 204,370 hectares in Granary Areas which have irrigation
canal intensity of more than 18 m/ha and the government target to increase
canal intensity to 35-45 m/ha providing irrigation canal to tertiary level.
To achieve the country’s rice Self Suffiency Level (SSL) of 90 % the government
plan to increase land and water productivity through planning and construction
of small dams, reservoirs, diversions structures or pump station. Recycle of
water from drainage system and rehabilitate, upgraded of irrigation canals.
3.
Percentage of irrigated area
with water quantity
measuring devices
Efficient water use requires measurement of the waterused in both gravity and
pressurezed systems. 86 per cent of irrigated areas mostly in Granary Areas
(204,370 hectares), have some form of water quantity measuring devices placed
at strategic locations in both open channels and closed conduits in the
irrigation system.
Stormwater Management
Country
Malaysia
Monitoring Indicators
Description
1.
Any policy on managing
stormwater
Arahan Kabinet (Jun 2001)
Kuasa Menteri (2009)
Arahan MSAN
2.
Any legislation on managing
stormwater
UBBL
Akta Jalan, Parit Dan Bangunan 1974 (Akta 133)
3.
Any regulatory agencies to
control stormwater
Enforcement:
Local Authorities (PBT) and Department of Environment (DOE)
Regulatory: LUAS, DID, PBT, DOE
4.
Any formal institutional
arrangements among related
agencies to manage
stormwater
SIRIM, Institut Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan, REDACS, UTM
5.
Use of computer modelling
tools to model stormwater
quality and quantity
Infoworks, ArcGIS, MapInfo
6.
Availability of design
manual/code of practices for
stormwater management
Urban Storm water Management Manual (MSMA)
SPAH (Rainwater Harvesting System)
DID Submission Checklist
Stormwater Management cont.
Country
Monitoring Indicators
Description
Philippines
No respond
No respond
Myanmar
No respond
No respond
Thailand
No respond
No respond
Vietnam
No respond
No respond
Lao
No respond
No respond
Cambodia
No respond
No respond
Brunei
No respond
No respond
Singapore
No respond
No respond
Indonesia
No respond
No respond
Flood Management
Country
Philippines
Monitoring Indicators
1.
Any steps taken to
implement Integrated Flood
Management (IFM)
approaches in the country
Description
Still in the process of coordinating with concerned agencies on this matter.
Still in the process of coordinating with concerned agencies on this matter.
Malaysia
2.
Percentage of high risk
flood-prone areas in the
country covered by early
flood warning and response
systems
1.
Any steps taken to
implement Integrated Flood
Management (IFM)
approaches in the country
Malaysia has taken the Integrated Flood Management (IFM) approach in
managing floods. In 2009, a seminar on IFM with the theme “Living with Flood
Risks” was jointly organized with WMO, Cap-Net and Malaysia Water
Partnership (MyWP) for stakeholders and practitioners in flood management.
The purpose of the seminar was to ensure the target group understand the
concept of IFM and apply it in solving flood problems.
The DID, has taken the elements of IFM in preparing Flood Management Master
Plan(FMMP), first by considering the whole river basin in terms of water
resources and water cycle. FM measures include structural measures and non
structural measures such as flood hazard maps, river corridor management,
flood forecasting and flood warning systems. Flood emergency management is
already in place.
Stakeholders and community interactions before drafting Flood mitigation
systems still needs improvement.
Flood Management cont.
Country
Malaysia cont….
Monitoring Indicators
2.
3.
4.
5.
Description
Percentage of high risk
flood-prone areas in the
country covered by early
flood warning and response
systems
70 %
Percentage of high risk
flood-prone areas in the
country covered by a real
time flood monitoring
information system
90 %
Percentage of annual
national budget allocated to
flood managemen
RM7.56 on a period of 2006-2010
Any legislation on river
conservation
There is available legislation for a component of river conservation provided in
the country but it is not comprehensive. There is Water Act 1920 and Water
Enactment for Federal Government and State Government respectively.
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia is now drafting the
water resources policy and legislation in the country.
We have setup more than 335 early flood warning and response system namely
siren system, flood information board, and flood forecasting models around the
country including Sabah and Sarawak.
We have been monitoring real time flood information system by using online
web-base known as Infobanjir (infobanjir.water.gov.my) in which we setup about
300 stations for water level and rainfall telemetry station at all around the
country. These also include more than 30 locations of the real time webcameras installed at the strategic locations.
Funds for flood management are through the National Development budget.
For the period 2006-2010, the Government has allocated RM7.56 billion for
flood mitigation projects.
Flood Management cont.
Country
Malaysia cont….
Monitoring Indicators
2.
3.
4.
5.
Description
Percentage of high risk
flood-prone areas in the
country covered by early
flood warning and response
systems
70 %
Percentage of high risk
flood-prone areas in the
country covered by a real
time flood monitoring
information system
90 %
Percentage of annual
national budget allocated to
flood managemen
RM7.56 on a period of 2006-2010
Any legislation on river
conservation
There is available legislation for a component of river conservation provided in
the country but it is not comprehensive. There is Water Act 1920 and Water
Enactment for Federal Government and State Government respectively.
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia is now drafting the
water resources policy and legislation in the country.
We have setup more than 335 early flood warning and response system namely
siren system, flood information board, and flood forecasting models around the
country including Sabah and Sarawak.
We have been monitoring real time flood information system by using online
web-base known as Infobanjir (infobanjir.water.gov.my) in which we setup about
300 stations for water level and rainfall telemetry station at all around the
country. These also include more than 30 locations of the real time webcameras installed at the strategic locations.
Funds for flood management are through the National Development budget.
For the period 2006-2010, the Government has allocated RM7.56 billion for
flood mitigation projects.
Flood Management cont.
Country
Malaysia cont….
Monitoring Indicators
2.
Any formal institutional
arrangements among
related agencies to manage
floods
Description
DID under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE) is
responsible in planning, implementation, monitoring and valuation of flood
mitigation projects for floods due to riverbank overflow or storm water
discharge. Local authorities will solve floods due to ineffective local drainage.
Policies or matters on floods involving two or more agencies are discussed in
the National Water Resources Council headed by The Prime Minister or the
Permanent Commission on Flood Control headed by the Minister of NRE.
Flood Relief Machinery is headed by the Deputy Prime Minister. These
committees provide platforms for all agencies involved in flood mitigation
formulation and flood disaster to work together.
Myanmar
No respond
No respond
Thailand
No respond
No respond
Vietnam
No respond
No respond
Lao
No respond
No respond
Cambodia
No respond
No respond
Brunei
No respond
No respond
Singapore
No respond
No respond
Indonesia
No respond
No respond
Water Pollution Management
Country
Philippines
Monitoring Indicators
1.
Any policy on water
pollution control
Description
Yes
The Clean Water Act enacted in 2004 and its IRR. The law pertains to water
quality management in all water bodies and shall primarily apply to the
abatement and control of pollution from land-based sources.
Philippine Environmental Code 1977 (Waste Management provision) –
established standards for air and water quality, and guidelines for land use,
natural resources, groundwater and waste management.
In addition, the DENR through the EMB have policies on water pollution
control through the issuance of Department Administrative Order. Likewise,
Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) managing the Laguna Lake Basin
has set of water pollution policies.
2.
Any specific legislation for
the management of water
quality and wastewater
Yes
The Clean Water Act enacted in 2004 pertains to water quality management in
all water bodies and shall primarily apply to the abatement and control of
pollution from land-based sources.
Philippine Environmental Code 1977 (Waste Management provision) –
established standards for air and water quality, and guidelines for land use,
natural resources, groundwater and waste management. It also provides
management policy for the prevention, control and abatement of water
pollution
Water Pollution Management cont…
Country
Philippines cont…
Monitoring Indicators
3.
Any specific financial
support programme for
controlling water pollutions
Description
Yes
Generally funding for controlling water pollutions comes from the government.
However, there are agencies like the Laguna Lake Development Authority
(LLDA) that introduced market-based instrument such as the Environmental
User Fee Systems (EUFS) to address environmental problems and generate
revenue to help support environmental management programs.
The LLDA launched the EUFS in January 1997 covering all enterprises within
their jurisdiction that discharges wastewater in the Laguna de Bay system. The
EUFS includes commercial/industrial establishments; agro-based
industries/establishments (such as swine farms and slaughter houses); clustered
dwelling (i.e. residential subdivisions) as well as domestic households. However,
EUFS for households is still under development.
Other market-based instruments similar to EUFS are already implemented in
some areas which generate revenue for supporting environmental management
programs.
Likewise, the Clean Water Act of 2004 which provides the implementation of a
wastewater charge system in all management areas including the Laguna Lake
Region and Regional Industrial Centers through the collection of wastewater
charges/fees. The system shall be established on the basis of payment to the
government for discharging wastewater into the water bodies. The system is
now being implemented in the Laguna Lake Region and other areas.
Water Pollution Management cont…
Country
Philippines cont…
Monitoring Indicators
4.
5.
Description
Any formal institutional
arrangements among related
agencies to manage water
pollution
Yes
Any public/private sector
partnership and participation
in managing water pollution
Yes
Philippine Sanitation Alliance
The Alliance helps reduce water pollution and diseases. It is a public-private
partnership that unites Philippine cities, private companies, business associations,
government agencies, U.S. and international nongovernmental organizations and
international agencies, including the World Bank Water and Sanitation Program.
Under the Clean Water Act, Water Quality Management Area (WQMA) with
governing board compose of multi-sectoral group will be designated. To date,
one governing board was already established out of the three designated pilot
WQMAs.
It aims to bring together the public and private sectors to achieve a common
goal of protecting human and environmental health in the Philippines.
Water Pollution Management cont…
Country
Monitoring Indicators
Philippines cont…
6.
Any river water quality
monitoring information
system/database
Description
Yes
The Environment Management Bureau (EMB) of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is continuously conducting regular
water quality monitoring on classification of inland surface bodies. This
classification are Class AA – waters intended as public water supply requiring
only disinfection to meet the Philippine Standards for Drinking Water
(PNSDW); Class A- waters suitable as water supply requiring conventional
treatment to meet PNSDW; Class B- water intended for primary recreation;
Class C- waters for fishery, recreation/boating and supply for manufacturing
processes after treatment and Class D- waters intended for agriculture,
irrigation, livestock, watering etc.
Another water quality monitoring for selected surface water bodies is also
being conducted by EMB covering parameters such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO);
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BDO); Total Suspended Solids (TSS); and Total
Dissolved Solids (TDS).
On the other hand, the LLDA is also conducting monitoring activities in the
rivers that drain into Laguna de Bay. It is a vital component of the River
Rehabilitation Program of the agency, the result of which are used to determine
the effectivity of the program being implemented in correlation to improving
the lakes water quality.
Water Pollution Management cont.
Country
Malaysia
Monitoring Indicators
1.
Any policy on water
pollution control
Description
Yes
It is not explicity stated but the policy intention is there within the National on
Environment (NPE).
The NPE states that the nation shall implement environmentally sound and
sustainable development for the continous economic, social and cultural
progress and enhancement of the quality of life of Malaysians.It is based on eight
inter-related and mutually suporting principals and where watter is concerned
will include the sustainable use of water resources, conservations of river’s
vitality and diversity, and the continous improvement of its water quality.
The National Policy on the Environment has seven green strategies that are
directed towards sustainable development. The key areas for the seven green
starategies are:
•Education and Awareness
•Effective management of natural resources and the environment
•Integrated development planning and implementation
•Prevention and control of pollution and environmental degradation
•Strengthening administrative and institutional mechanisms
•Proactive approach to regional and global environment issues
•Formulation and implementation of Action Plans
Water Pollution Management cont…
Country
Malaysia
cont…
Monitoring Indicators
2.
Any specific
legislation for the
management of
water quality and
wastewater
Description
Yes
There are more than 30 Associated Laws in Environmental Management with at least 26
other agencies with more tha 30 pieces of legislations are dealing with various of sources of
pollution. But the principal legal instruent to control water pollution in Malaysia is the
Environmental Quality Act (EQA), 1974. However, the EQA is applicable to industrial
discharges and sewage. EQA 1974 is an enabling piece of legislation for preventing, abating
and controling pollution and enhancing the environment via provisions on Effluents
Standards and Environmental Quality Standards.
Other related laws which have provisions to deal with pollution from other land based
activities and also related to water quality management in Malaysia for conservation of
water quality are as listed below:
Specific Area
3.
Any specific
financial support
programme for
controlling water
pollutions
•Selangor Water Management Authority Enactment, 1999
•Kedah Water Resources Management Enactment, 2008
•Sabah Conservation of The Environment Enactment, 1999
•Sabah Water Resources Enactment, 1998
•National Resources and Environment Ordinance Sarawak, 1994
Specific Sector (Peninsular Malaysia)
Agriculture
Irrigation Areas Act,1953
Drainage Works Acts,1954
Forestry
National Forestry Act (1964)
Water Pollution Management cont.
Country
Malaysia
cont…
Monitoring Indicators
3.
Any specific financial
support programme for
controlling water pollutions .
cont……
Description
Control Of River
•Water Acts 1920, Reviewed, 1989
•River Rights Enactment of Perak
•Kelantan River Traffic Enactment, 1955
•Pahang River Launches Enactment 6/49
Land Management
•National Land Code, 1965
•Land Conservation Act, 1960
•Earthwork by laws
•Domestic Water Supply
•Water Services Industry Act, 2006
Mining
•Mining Enactment, 1936
Fishery
•Fisheries Act, 1963
Local and Regional Planning
•Town and Country Planning Act, 1976
Others
•Local Govermnet Act, 1976
•Street Drainage Building By Law (1974,1994-R)
•Geological Survey Act
•Ministerial Function Act, 1969
Water Pollution Management cont.
Country
Malaysia
cont…
Monitoring Indicators
Description
Specific for state of Sabah and Sarawak
3.
Any specific financial
support programme for
controlling water pollutions .
cont……
Agriculture
•Drainage and Irrigation , Sabah Ordinance 15/1956
•Drainage Works Ordinance Sarawak, Cap 126
Control of River
•Sarawak Water Ordinance
•Sarawak Riverine Transport Bill (1993)
Land Management
•Sabah Land Ordinance, 1930
•Sarawak Land Code, 1958
Domestic Water Supply
•Water Services Industry Act, 2006
Mining
•Mining Enactment , 1960 Sabah
•Mining Enactment, 1949 Sarawak
Local and Regional Planning
•Town and Country Planning Enactment , Sabah Cap 141
•Town and Country Planning Sarawak Cap 87
Others
•Local Authority Enactment, Sabah Ordinance 11/1961
•Local Authority Ordinance Sarawak Cap 117
Water Pollution Management cont…
Country
Malaysia
cont…
Monitoring Indicators
3.
4.
Any specific financial
support programme for
controlling water pollutions
Any formal institutional
arrangements among related
agencies to manage water
pollution
Description
Yes
Enforcement on the discharges of effluent from the sources subjected to the
EQA 1974 and monitoring of water quality as well as the environmental
awareness programmes and trainings are mainly implemented using both
operating and development budget.
Yes
The set-up for the formal institutional arrangements among related agencies to
manage water pollution are done through meetings and integrated enforcement
activities, integrated contingency plan and others to incorporate all the relevant
agencies to response to certain water pollution issues.
Specific set up includes the Water Resources Council , formation of special
committees to manage and resolve specific issues sucj as pollution control from
sewage, palm oil industries and as well as water supply, Integrated River Basin
Management Committee, One-Stop Agency, etc
Water Pollution Management cont.
Country
Malaysia
cont…
Monitoring Indicators
6.
Any public/private sector
partnership and
participation in managing
water pollution
Description
Yes
Partnership and participation of public/private sector in managing water
pollution is through :•Training modules to help private sector to prepare themselves in
accordance with Doe requirements
•Seminars and workshops
•Awareness programme and Campaign
•Certification Courses
•Attachment Programmes
•Collaboration programs
The programmes includes organizing courses on Environmental Management
and Pollution Control under the Malaysia Technical Corperation Programme
(MTCP), Third Country Training Programme (TCTP), collaboration with the
Judicial and Legal Training Institute, Malaysia Royal Police College , Malaysia
Maritime Enforcement Agency, etc
Water Pollution Management cont.
Country
Malaysia
cont…
Monitoring Indicators
6.
Any river water quality
monitoring information
system/database
Description
Yes
River water quality monitoring was implemented since 1978 by the
Department of Environment to detect water quality changes and identify
pollution sources. Water samples from 1063 monitoring stations covering 577
rivers were analyzed and Water Quality Index (WQI) computed based on 6
parameters of pollutants. These values serves as a basis for environmental
assessment information/ database of a water course in correlation to pollution
load categorization and designation of classes of beneficial uses as provided for
under the National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (NWQS)
The water quality database is maintained in the DOE and status of river water
quality is published every year in the Environmental Quality Report.
7.
Any river water quality
master plan at national and
local levels
Yes
Only for selected river basins which DOE have conducted detailed study under
the River Pollution Prevention and Water Quality Improvement Programmes
whereby a set of strategies and action plan was formulated to prevent water
pollution and improve water quality for each river basin.
Water Pollution Management cont.
Country
Malaysia
cont…
Monitoring Indicators
8.
Any river basin master plan
for relocating the highly
polluting industries in a river
basin
Description
Although there is no exclusively river master plan at national and local event
but for DOE, the environmental inputs were provided to other agencies in
relation to development activities as a proactive measure to prevent river
pollution.
Establishment of new industrial activities which are not subjected to
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), particularly the Small and Medium
Scale Industries (SMIs) area advice to refer ti the Department of Environmental
for consideration and advice in suitability. This will ensure that a high polluting
industry In a river basin is properly located in the designate area(zone) or
proper pollution control measures are taken into consideration if it is to be
collected outside an industrial zone. The guideline for the Sitting and Zone of
Industries will be applied.
For establishment that subjected to EIA, the report will be assessed to evaluate
the impact on the environment before approval is given. This will ensures that
the project potential problems are foreseen and address at an early stage in the
project planning and design.
Water Pollution Management cont…
Country
Monitoring Indicators
Description
Myanmar
No respond
No respond
Thailand
No respond
No respond
Vietnam
No respond
No respond
Lao
No respond
No respond
Cambodia
No respond
No respond
Brunei
No respond
No respond
Singapore
No respond
No respond
Indonesia
No respond
No respond
Sanitation Management
Country
Philippines
Monitoring Indicators
1.
Any policy on urban/rural
sanitation and sewerage
systems
Description
Yes
The following are the existing laws, policies, regulations on urban/rural
sanitation and sewerage systems:
•National Plumbing Code 1959 (wastewater provision) - Guidelines, criteria and
standards for the design and construction of sanitation and sewerage facilities
•Department of Health Circular, PD 522, IRR No 220 Series of 1974 - Sewage
from house plumbing system shall be connected to a public sewerage system, if
available, or to a septic tank.
•Sanitation Code of the Philippines 1975- provides guidelines on sewerage
collection and disposal, excreta disposal and drainage, with IRR
•Philippine Environmental Code 1977 (Waste Management provision) –
established standards for air and water quality, and guidelines for land use,
natural resources, groundwater and waste management.
•Local Government Code 1991 - Devolves provision of basic services and
facilities to LGUs, including sanitation, sewerage and flood control.
•National Policy on Urban Sewerage and Sanitation of 1994 (NEDA Board
Resolution No. 5) – Giving high priority to improved urban sanitation and
sewerage. Contains national policy, strategy and action plan for urban sewerage
and sanitation
•National Building Code 1997 and its IRR contains certain provisions on
wastewater disposal and drainage. It requires the connection of new buildings
to sewerage system.
•Clean Water Act 2004- contains provision on National Sewerage and Septage
Management Program.
Sanitation Management cont.
Country
Monitoring Indicators
Description
Philippines cont..
2.
3.
Any specific legislation on
urban/rural sanitation and
sewerage systems
Percentage of annual budget
for sanitation and sewerage
programme/projects
Yes
Sanitation Code of the Philippines 1975- provides guidelines on sewerage
collection and disposal, excreta disposal and drainage, with IRR
National Plumbing Code 1959 (wastewater provision) - Guidelines, criteria and
standards for the design and construction of sanitation and sewerage facilities
Yes
3 % of the total annual average budget of the water and sanitation
sector
Based on the available data, a summary of investments made in the subsector
since 1970 is estimated, assuming an allowance of about 25 percent for projects
that were implemented by other government and private organizations (PTA's
Sewerage for Boracay Environmental Infrastructure Project, projects
implemented by land developers, NGOs, etc.). Investment in the sub-sector was
estimated at P1.5 billion per year. This figure is 29 times less than the estimated
P43.8 billion average annual investment for water supply projects. In other
words, for every 97 pesos spent on water supply projects, only 3 pesos were
spent on sanitation and sewerage projects.1
•1 PHILIPPINES: Water Supply and Sanitation Performance Enhancement Project
Sanitation Management cont.
Country
Philippines cont..
Monitoring Indicators
Description
4.
Any integrated national and
provincial institutions to
implement sanitation
policies
Yes
The Department of Health (DOH) formulates policies and provides technical
assistance to Local Government Units (LGUs) on sanitation and environmental
health while the LGU enforce the Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and
recent environment and health legislation and policies; and provides basic
sanitation sevices.
5.
Any private sector
participation in providing
sanitation services for the
people
Encouraging private sector investment
Republic Act No. 6957 of 1990 entitled “An Act Authorizing the Financing,
Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Infrastructure Projects by the
Private Sector and for Other Purposes,” manifested the government’s policy of
greater private sector participation (PSP) in the provision of water and
sanitation sector.
Example of Private Sector Participation
Boracay’s Sewerage Facility
Boracay is an island in Malay municipality renowned for its beaches that derives
its main income from tourism. Triggered by the threat of pollution, the
Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA) intervened and constructed a sewerage
facility through a P100 million loan, payable in ten years, from Japanese aid
agency OECF. The system was scheduled to be in service through a private
operator by 2001. Legislation was passed allowing PTA to charge an
Environmental Management Fee to visitors (P25 for foreigners, P10 for
Philippine citizens). User fees will also be charged to business establishments
and households. The sewerage system was planned to serve about 70 percent
of the island’s population, as well as its main tourist areas.
Sanitation Management cont.
Country
Monitoring Indicators
Description
Philippines cont…
5.
6.
Any private sector
participation in providing
sanitation services for the
people. Cont….
Any comprehensive
sewerage/sanitation master
plan at national, regional and
local levels
Other Experiences
Some developers of subdivisions, Export Processing Zones, and other land
intended for tenancy are now incorporating sewerage systems as a component,
particularly those targeting the high-income market. Operation and
maintenance are either supplied by private operators through management
contracts or provided in-house using specially trained staff. Tariffs (following the
“polluter pays” principle) from all connected establishments are collected
monthly to cover the amortization and operating costs of the sewerage system,
which usually includes collection, treatment and disposal facilities. Examples of
such private systems are found in Mactan Export Processing Zone, Philippine
Export Processing Zone in Cavite, Ayala Center, and Ortigas Center.
Yes
1988-2000 Water Supply, Sewerage and Sanitation Master Plan (WSSSMP): This
plan emphasized the commitment of the national government to provide for
the basic needs of the population, especially in depressed areas. WSSSMP was
the result of an extensive interagency undertaking that involved DPWH, DILG,
NEDA, MWSS, LWUA and NWRB. WSSSMP set the framework and agenda for
organized, unified action by policy makers and program implementers, at all
levels of the government, to execute and manage water supply, sewerage and
sanitation programs and projects throughout the country. WSSSMP was also
intended to serve as an example and reference for the private sector and nongovernment organizations actually or potentially involved in the development of
the sub-sector.
Sanitation Management cont.
Country
Monitoring Indicators
Description
Philippines cont..
6.
Any comprehensive
sewerage/sanitation master
plan at national, regional and
local levels
Cont….
1994 National Urban Sewerage and Sanitation Strategy Plan (NUSS). The
purpose of the sanitation program was to create a more effective institutional
framework to guide policy and institutional reforms; and to propose an
appropriate development strategy and investment plan to improve sewerage
and sanitation coverage nationally.
The Philippines’ Clean Water Act, passed in 2004, requires the preparation of a
National Sewerage and Septage Management Program (NSSMP) as part of the
country’s overarching National Sustainable Sanitation Plan. The NSSMP was
envisioned to provide technology interventions and institutional and financial
frameworks to guide local governments, water districts, and other project
proponents through the process of developing infrastructure projects for
managing wastewater in cities. Stakeholder consultation of the draft National
Sewerage and Septage Management Program (NSSMP) is currently being
undertaken.
7.
Any effective regulatory
framework to control the
quality of wastewater
discharges to water courses
Yes
DENR DAO 34 and 35
In 1990, the DENR also issued DAO 34 and 35. DAO 35 regulates the discharge
of industrial wastewater effluents, while DAO 34 classifies bodies of water
according to their beneficial uses. Together, DAOs 34 and 35 regulate the
discharge of wastewater effluents into varying water bodies.
Sanitation Management cont.
Country
Monitoring Indicators
Description
Philippines cont…
7.
Any effective regulatory
framework to control the
quality of wastewater
discharges to water courses.
Cont…
Discharge Permits provided by the Clean Water Act
The DENR requires owners or operators of facilities that discharge regulated
effluents pursuant to the Clean Water Act to secure a permit to discharge
(DAO 2004-25). The discharge permit specifies the quantity and quality of
effluent that said facilities are allowed to discharge into a particular water body,
compliance schedules and monitoring requirements. A self-monitoring report of
the company should also be submitted to the EMB. As part of the permitting
procedure, the DENR encourages the adoption of waste minimization and
waste treatment technologies when such technologies are cost effective.
Effluent trading may be allowed per management area.
8.
Any awareness/advocacy
programme for stakeholders
on the importance of
proper sanitation and
sewerage systems
Yes
Manila Declaration gains Government’s Commitment on Advancing
Sustainable Sanitation (Philippine Sanitation Summit 2006: A Call for Improved
Access to Sustainable Sanitation)
Representatives from the national executive and legislative agencies, local
governments, non-government organizations, and other external support
agencies shared their commitments and resources and responsive partnership
for an improved access to sustainable sanitation in the Manila Declaration on
the Advancement of Sustainable Sanitation and Waste-water Management in the
Philippines
Sanitation Management cont.
Country
Monitoring Indicators
Philippines
8.
Any awareness/advocacy
programme for stakeholders
on the importance of
proper sanitation and
sewerage systems
Cont…
Description
DENR Secretary Angelo Reyes, Health Secretary Francisco Duque III, Misamis
Oriental Rep. Augusto Baculio, and NWRB Executive Director Ramon Alikpala
led the signing of the Manila Declaration to accelerate the implementation of
the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004, marking the highlight of the Philippine
Sanitation Summit 2006 held last July 5-6 at the Heritage Hotel, Manila.
Training for NGO’s on ecological sanitation in Rural and Peri-urban areas
in the Visayas and Mindanao
The DILG-GTZ Water & Sanitation Program conducted for the first time
training on ecological sanitation for local NGO’s from the Visayas and Mindanao.
The 3-day training took place in Dumaguete and Bayawan City , Oriental
Negros from April 24 to 26, 2007.
It aims at promoting ecological sanitation not only to its partners but to all
stakeholders. NGO’s play an important role in planning and implementing water
and sanitation projects.
Sanitation Management cont.
Country
Malaysia
Monitoring Indicators
1.
Any comprehensive
sewerage/sanitation master
plan at national, regional and
local levels
2.
Any effective regulatory
framework to control the
quality of wastewater
discharges to water courses
3.
Any awareness/advocacy
programme for stakeholders
on the importance of
proper sanitation and
sewerage systems
Description
Yes
The National Sewerage Master Plan had been drafted at policy level and
currently being reviewed by KeTTHA. Meanwhile detailed and comprehensive
regional and local plans had been developed based on the district boundaries
referring to Rancangan Tempatan for the respective districts.
The regulatory framework adopted by SPAN to control the quantity of the
wastewater discharges is through licensing. Where by class and individual
licenses are issued to the sewerage treatment plants operators. These licenses
are attached with KPI on the effluent compliance. The licenses can be revoked
if the operators fail to operate and maintain the system by treating sewage to
the prescribed standards. The wastewater quality is also regulated through the
Environmental Quality Regulation (Sewage) 2009 by Department Of
Environment.
SPAN participate actively in the road shows and campaigns organized by
operators and other agencies to advocate awareness in the water industry
holistically. Currently SPAN also engage consultation with the NGOs and
consumers group to engage and establish further the awareness level.
Sanitation Management cont.
Country
Monitoring Indicators
Description
Myanmar
No respond
No respond
Thailand
No respond
No respond
Vietnam
No respond
No respond
Lao
No respond
No respond
Cambodia
No respond
No respond
Brunei
No respond
No respond
Singapore
No respond
No respond
Indonesia
No respond
No respond