BACTERIA REVIEW SHEET
1) Though plants, fungi, and prokaryotes all have cell walls, we classify them under different
taxonomic units. What are their cell walls made up of?
Ans. Plants- cellulose, fungi- chitin, bacteria- peptidoglycan
2) Which is the compound in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria?
Ans. Peptidoglycan
3) If penicillin is an antibiotic that inhibits enzymes from catalyzing the synthesis of peptidoglycan,
then which group of prokaryotes should be most vulnerable to inhibition by penicillin?
Ans. Gam negative bacteria
4) Arrange them in the correct order from inside to outside:
1. cell wall
2. plasma membrane
3. capsule
Ans. plasma membrane, cell wall, capsule
5) Which structures play direct roles in permitting bacteria to adhere to each other, or to other
surfaces?
Ans. Fimbriae, pili, capsule (causes a biofilm)
6) This structure permits some species to respond to the environment, to obtain food, and
to escape
Ans. Flagella
7) Not present in all bacteria, this slimy material enables cells that possess it to resist the defenses
of host organisms: ___________________________
Ans. Capsule
8) Not present in all bacteria, this structure enables those that possess it to germinate after
exposure to harsh conditions, such as boiling.
Ans. Endospore
9) Location of endotoxin in gram-negative species :
Ans. Cell wall
10) What is the primary ecological role of prokaryotes?
Ans. Recycling of dead organisms allowing nutrients to be available
11) If all the bacteria on Earth suddenly disappeared, which of the following would be the most
likely and most direct result?
Ans. Lack of recycling so less availability of nutrients
13) In which of the following ways can prokaryotes be considered to be more successful on Earth
than humans?
Ans. More of them, they live everywhere, and their total biomass is more than ours
14) Plantlike photosynthesis that releases O2 occurs in
Ans. Cyanotbacteria
15) a prokaryote that obtains both energy and carbon as it decomposes dead organisms:
_____________________Ans. Heterotroph
For the following questions, use the list below of types of bacterial metabolism. Pick the term that
best matches the statement. Responses may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
16) responsible for high levels of O2 in Earth's atmosphere
Ans. Cyanobacteria and other autotrophs
17. Penicillin is an antibiotic that inhibits enzymes from catalyzing the synthesis of peptidoglycan,
so which prokaryotes should be most vulnerable to inhibition by penicillin?
Ans. Gam negative bacteria
18. What are the shapes of bacteria?
Ans. Coccus (round), spirilla (spiral), and rod (bacilli)
19. This disease is found in water contaminated by feces and causes explosive watery diahhrea?
Ans. Cholera
20. What gas is released in alcoholic fermentation?
Ans. Carbon dioxide
21. Typhoid Mary was a carrier of which bacteria?
Ans. Salmonella typhi
22. Which water and/or food borne illness releases a nerve toxin that can cause paralysis?
Ans. Clostridium botulinum
23. What is pasteurization?
Ans. Heating food or liquids such as milk to high enough temperature to kill most bacteria
24. What are the differences between a bacteria and fungi?
a. Cell wall: bacteria had a peptidoglycan while fungi has chitin
b. Genetic material: bacteria is a prokaryote (lacks nucleus) while fungi has a nucleus
(eukaryote)
c. Fermentation: bacteria does alcohol and lactic acid fermentation while fungi only does
alcohol
25. Lactobacilli is a probiotic because it protects against pathogens by competing for space?
26. Bacteria that live in clusters are called staph
27. Bacteria that live as a chain are called strep
28. Bacteria that cause respiratory diseases are : Mycoplasma pneumonia, Bordetella pertussis,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, legionella
29. What is the name of this bacteria: disease spread by mammals, respiratory like infection that
spreads and causes gangrene. Lymph nodes swell.
Ans. Yersinia pestis
30. Bacteria can attach to surfaces. An example of bacteria doing this is the ____________that forms
over your teeth.
Ans. Plaque which is a biofilm
31. This is the smallest bacteria and has no cell wall:
Ans. Mycoplasma pneumonia
32. Gam positive bacteria will stain purple (color) while gram negative bacteria will stain pink
33. Which type of organisms do antibiotics kill?
Ans. only bacteria
34. Your doctor told you to take a 7 day course for antibiotics. You only took it for 5 days and felt better.
After a week you were sick again. Describe what happened.
Ans. It killed the weakest ones and the strongest ones survived to reproduce
35. This bacteria is transmitted in aerosols such as those produced by air-conditioning systems and
water tanks and cause lung infection.
Ans. legionella
36. You found a strain of bacteria growing on the EMB plate that was dark purple. Is it fermenting
lactose? Yes
37. Strain of bacteria growing on the EMB plate that is translucent is most probably salmonella, or
shigella, or yersinia-.
38. Bacteria can produce clones by a reproductive process called binary fission.
39. Compare alcohol based mouthwash with mouthwash that does not contain alcohol.
Ans. Mouthwash with alcohol creates and anaerobic atmosphere in your mouth which will
encourage the growth of certain pathogenic bacteria
40. Fill in the fermentation chart below:
Food product
Describe the reaction Organism- (yeast or
reactants and
bacteria involved)
products
Alcohol
Reactants- glucose
Yeast or bacteria
fermentation
Breads, fruits
Products- alcohol,
carbon dioxide, and
ATP
Lactic acid
Glucose (lactose is
bacteria
fermentation
Milk, yogurt,
sour cream and
other milk
products
first broken down
into glucose and
galactose)
Product- lactic acid
and ATP
41. The bacteria growing in extreme conditions would most likely belong to the kingdom
Archaebacteria.
42. Name a virulence factor that Clostidium botulinum produces that is extremely poisonous?
Ans. Nerve toxins
43. Symptoms of TB are tubercules and the bacteria that produces it is called Mycobacterium.
44. Why should you not overuse hand sanitizer? Kills of the weakest bacteria creating less competition
for space for the strongest bacteria
45. This bacteria is prefers glucose (but can metabolize lactose), can cause stomach problems. 70% are
harmless.
Ans. Escheria coli
46. The lac operon in Escheria coli is always repressed. When this compound is present in the
environment it turns on: lactose.
47. The lac operon consists of 3 (number ) genes.
48. The lac operon helps the organism break down this food source so it can utilize it for energy.
Ans. Lactose
49. What are 2 bacteria that cause genital diseases?
Ans. Chlamydia, and gonorrhea
50. 50. Where do you find Eubacteria?
51. Ans. Everywhere