Course: Introduction to
Computers
Introduction
Program:
Set of sequence instruction that tell the computer what to
do.


Software:
A collection of programs, data, and information.

Programmer:
The person who makes the program.
Computer Software
)Computer Software(
)System Software(
)Application Software(
System Software

It is the software which is used by the computer or
operates a computer system.

Built inside the computer or in a CD must be bought.
System (
)Software
Programming (
)language
Compiler And (
)Interpreters
Operating (
)Systems
Programming language

Programs are developed by the programming languages.

It is a set of words, rules, syntax.

There are many programming languages each to solve
specific kinds of problems.

Ex. ( C, Java, Pascal, …etc).
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:
1. Machine Language.
2. Assembly Language.
3. High Level Language.
4. Application Generation.
5. Object Oriented Languages.
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:
1.Machine Language:

It is written in 1, 0 (Binary system).

Difficult language.

Need long time.

Depends on the computer architecture.
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:
2.Assembly Language:

Depends on using some of the mnemonic symbols,
like: ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV.

Easier than the machine language.

Use other accounting systems.

Depends on the computer architecture.

A translator is needed and it is called (Assembler).
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:
3.High Level Language:

Use statements that user can understand.

It needs translators.

It can be used very easily to solve complex problems.

They are undependable of the computer’s
architecture.

Ex. Python , C , Java
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:
4.Application Generations:

Database language used to create files, forms, queries
and reports without the writing of any programs.

Ex. Oracle, Access.
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:
5.Object Oriented Languages:

Consist of a collection of objects.

Every object contains its variables, data, methods.

Encapsulation: which means that the data and its
operations are collected in the same place. You can't
access any data without using the operations.
System Software
System (
)Software
Programming (
)language
Compiler And (
)Interpreters
Operating (
)Systems
Compiler And Interpreters
Compilers and Interpreters: Program that translate the
source code into object code.
Compilers: translate a whole program once and execute it.
Interpreters: translate and execute one instruction at a
time. Its slower and use more space than the compiler.
Operating System Functions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Booting up.
User Interface.
Task and resources management.
Monitoring.
File Management.
System security.
Operating System Type
1)
Multitasking OS: execute more than one task at the same
time.
2)
Multiprocessing OS: uses more than one CPU.
3)
Timesharing OS: time is shared between multi-user to
execute their task.
4)
Network OS
5)
Real Time OS: Input and output operations are happing at
the same time (medical devices).
Computer Software
)Computer Software(
)System Software(
)Application Software(
Application Software

Application software is a software used by user

Two categories
 Basic applications
 general-purpose

Specialized applications
 For specific, advanced tasks
Basic Application

Focus on basic and general-purpose tasks
Specialized Applications



Focus on specific disciplines and occupations
Make it possible to perform advanced tasks at home
Examples:




Graphics Programs
Audio and Video Editing Software
Multimedia Creation Programs
Web Designing Programs
Examples
Computer
Parts
O.S
Application Software
User
Interfaces

Interface: It’s the way that the user use to deal (communicate) with the
computer.

Type:
Command Line Interface:
1.
Commands must be typed on the keyboard.
2.
It’s slow process.
3.
Require a high degree of computer knowledge.
1.
1.
1.
2.
3.
Graphical User Interface:
Use pictures, windows, menus, icons to represent object and operation.
User can select any object by pointing the mouse at it an click on it.
Ease, enjoyable.