Microsoft Official Course
®
Module 8
Implementing IPv6
Module Overview
• Overview of IPv6
• IPv6 Addressing
• Coexistence with IPv4
• IPv6 Transition Technologies
Lesson 1: Overview of IPv6
• Benefits of IPv6
• Differences Between IPv4 and IPv6
• IPv6 Address Format
Benefits of IPv6
Benefits of IPv6 include:
• Larger address space
• Hierarchical addressing and routing infrastructure
• Stateless and stateful address configuration
• Required support for IPsec
• End-to-end communication
• Required support for QoS
• Improved support for single-subnet environments
• Extensibility
Differences Between IPv4 and IPv6
Feature
Fragmentation
IPv4
Performed by routers
and sending host
Broadcast ARP
Request frames
A records
IPv6
Performed only by
sending host
Placeholder to
ensure the table
Multicast Neighbor
gets published
correctly. This
Solicitation messages
should sit behind
the table and not
be visible.
Multicast listener
discovery
ICMPv6 Router
Solicitation and Router
Advertisement (required)
AAAA records
IN-ADDR.ARPA
IP6.ARPA
576 bytes
1280 bytes
Address
Resolution
Manage multicast
IGMP
group membership
Router Discovery
DNS host records
DNS reverse
lookup zones
Minimum
packet size
ICMP Router
Discovery (optional)
IPv6 Address Format
[0010][1111][0011][1011]
• 128-bit address in binary:
8 4 2 10010000000000001000011011011100000000000000000000010111
[0 0 1 0]1001110110000001010101010000000001111111111111110001010
001001110001011010
0+0+2+0=2
• 128-bit address divided into 16-bit blocks:
[1 1 1 1]0010000000000001
0010111100111011
8+4+2+1=F
0000110110111000 0000000000000000
0000001010101010 0000000011111111
1111111000101000 1001110001011010
[0 0 1 1]
• Each 16-bit block converted to HEX (base 16):
0+0+2+1=3
2001:0DB8:0000:2F3B:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A
[1 •0 Further
1 1] simplify by removing leading zeros:
8+0+2+1=B
2001:DB8:0:2F3B:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A
= 2F3B
Lesson 2: IPv6 Addressing
• IPv6 Address Structure
• Global Unicast Addresses
• Unique Local Unicast Addresses
• Link-Local Unicast Addresses
• Autoconfiguring IPv6 Addresses
• Demonstration: Configuring IPv6 Client Settings
IPv6 Address Structure
• The number of network bits is defined by the prefix
• Each host has 64-bits allocated to the interface identifier
Type of address
IPv4 address
IPv6 address
0.0.0.0
::
127.0.0.1
::1
169.254.0.0/16
FE80::/64
Broadcast
255.255.255.255
Uses multicasts
instead
Multicast
224.0.0.0/4
FF00::/8
Unspecified
Loopback
Autoconfigured
Global Unicast Addresses
• Are routable on the Ipv6 Internet
• Allocate 16 bits for internal subnetting
• Begin with 2 or 3 (2000::/3)
48 bits
45 bits
001
Global Routing
Prefix
Prefix
managed
by IANA
Prefix
assigned to
top-level
ISPs
16
bits
64
bits
Subnet
ID
Interface ID
Subnet bits
for
organizations
Client
interface
ID
Unique Local Unicast Addresses
• Are equivalent to IPv4 private addresses
• Require the organization ID to be randomly
generated
• Allocates 16 bits for internal subnetting
8
bits
40
bits
16
bits
64
bits
11111101
Organization ID
Subnet ID
Interface ID
FD00::/8
Link-Local Unicast Addresses
• Are automatically generated on all IPv6 hosts
• Are similar to IPv4 APIPA addresses
• Are sometimes used in place of broadcast messages
• Include a zone ID that identifies the interface
Examples:
• fe80::2b0:d0ff:fee9:4143%3
• fe80::94bd:21cf:4080:e612%2
10
bits
54
bits
64
bits
1111 1110 10
000 . . . 000
Interface ID
FE80::/8
Autoconfiguring IPv6 Addresses
Check
for
router
on
theset,
Check
for aaddress
conflicts
IfAdd
Managed
or
Other
flag
Check
the
router
for
prefixes
3
prefixes
Derive
Link-Local
Address
2
4
1
5
6 check
network
usingDHCPv6
neighbor solicitation
Autoconfigured IP Timeline
IPv6 Client
Valid
Tentative
Preferred
Deprecated
Invalid
Time
Preferred Lifetime
Valid Lifetime
fe80::d593:e1e:e612:53e4%10
Router configuration information
Additional router prefixes
IPv6 Router
IPv6 DHCP Server
DHCPv6 information received
Demonstration: Configuring IPv6 Client Settings
In this demonstration, you will see how to:
• View IPv6 configuration by using IPconfig
• Configure
server
• Verify
IPv6 on a domain controller and a
IPv6 communication is functional
Lesson 3: Coexistence with IPv4
• What Are Node Types?
• IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence
• Demonstration: Configuring DNS to Support IPv6
• What Is IPv6 Over IPv4 Tunneling?
What Are Node Types?
IPv6-Only
Node
IPv4/IPv6 Node
IPv4-Only
Node
IPv4 Network
IPv6 Network
IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence
Windows Server 2012 uses a dual IP layer architecture
that supports IPv4 and IPv6 in a single protocol stack
DNS records required for coexistence are:
• Host (A) resource records for IPv4 nodes
• IPv6 host (AAAA) resource records
• Reverse lookup pointer (PTR) resource records for
IPv4 and IPv6 nodes
Demonstration: Configuring DNS to Support IPv6
In this demonstration, you will see how to:
• Configure an IPv6 host (AAAA) resource record
for an IPv6 address
• Verify name resolution for an IPv6 host (AAAA)
resource record
What Is IPv6 Over IPv4 Tunneling?
IPv4
IPv6
Packet Packet
IPv6
IPv4
IPv6 over IPv4
tunneling allows IPv6
to communicate
through an IPv4
network
IPv6 Packet
Upper layer
IPv6 Extension
protocol data
header headers
unit
Upper layer
IPv4
IPv6 Extension
protocol data
header header headers
unit
IPv4 Packet
Lesson 4: IPv6 Transition Technologies
• What Is ISATAP?
• What Is 6to4?
• What Is Teredo?
• What Is PortProxy?
• Process for Transitioning to IPv6
What Is ISATAP?
• Allows IPv6 communication over an IPv4 intranet
• Can be enabled by configuring an ISATAP host record
• Connects all nodes to a single IPv6 network
• Uses the IPv4 address as part of the IPv6 address
Private address: FD00::0:5EFE:192.168.137.133
Public address: 2001:db8::200:5EFE:131.107.137.133
ISATAP
Host
ISATAP
Host
IPv4-only
intranet
ISATAP
Router
IPv6capable
network
What Is 6to4?
•
•
•
•
Provides IPv6 connectivity over the IPv4 Internet
Works between sites or from host to site
Is not suitable for scenarios using NAT
Uses the following network address format:
• 2002:WWXX:YYZZ:Subnet_ID::/64
6to4 router
To enable Windows
IPv6/IPv4
Server 2012 as a
6to4 router:
IPv4 Internet
• Enable ICS
6to4 router
• Use Windows
IPv6/IPv4
PowerShell
IPv6/IPv4
IPv6/IPv4
What Is Teredo?
Teredo:
• Enables IPv6 connectivity over
the IPv4 Internet through NAT
• Requires a Teredo server to
initiate communication
• Can be configured with the
cmdlet
Set-NetTeredoConfiguration
Windows Server 2012:
• Can be configured as a client,
server, or relay
• Is configured as a client by default
• Must be an enterprise client on
domain networks
Teredo
server
NAT
IPv4 Internet
NAT
Teredo
client
What Is PortProxy?
Use PortProxy to:
• Provide IPv6-only hosts with access to
IPv4-only applications
• Provide access between IPv4-only and
IPv6-only hosts
Limitations of PortProxy:
• Only TCP applications
• Cannot change embedded address information
Process for Transitioning to IPv6
To transition from IPv4 to IPv6 you must:
• Update applications to support IPv6
• Update routing infrastructure to support IPv6
• Update devices to support IPv6
• Update DNS with records for IPv6
• Upgrade hosts to IPv4/IPv6 nodes
Lab: Implementing IPv6
• Exercise 1: Configuring an IPv6 Network
• Exercise 2: Configuring an ISATAP Router
Logon Information
Virtual machines
User name
Password
20410B-LON-DC1
20410B-LON-RTR
20410B-LON-SVR2
Adatum\Administrator
Pa$$w0rd
Estimated Time: 30 minutes
Lab Scenario
A. Datum Corporation has an IT office and data center in
London, which support the London location and other
locations. They have recently deployed a Windows Server
2012 infrastructure with Windows 8 clients. You now need to
configure the infrastructure service for a new branch office.
The IT manager at A. Datum has been briefed by several
application vendors about newly added support for IPv6 in
their products. A. Datum does not have IPv6 support in
place at this time. The IT manager would like you to
configure a test lab that uses IPv6. As part of the test lab
configuration, you also need to configure ISATAP to allow
communication between an IPv4 network and an IPv6
network.
Lab Review
• Did you configure IPv6 statically or dynamically in
this lab?
• Why did you not need to configure LON-DC1 with
the IPv4 address of the ISATAP router?
Module Review and Takeaways
• Review Questions
• Best Practice