Unit 1
•Living vs. Non-living
•Measurement
•Scientific Method
What is Science?
Science is an ongoing study of our world.
Why do people study science?
• To solve problems
• To invent new technology
What is Biology?
Biology is the study of life.
Bio = life
- ology = The study of
Living vs. Non-living
Objectives:
1. Know the six characteristics all living things must
have.
2. Know the four factors an organism needs to remain
alive.
How do we know if something is alive?
Living things:
1. Have one or more cells
2. Sense and respond to change
3. Reproduce
4. Have genetic material (DNA)
5. Use energy to carry out activities
6. Grow and develop
What do organisms need to stay alive?
Living organisms need:
1. Energy
2. Water
3. Air
4. Shelter (A place to live)
Living vs. Non-living Poster
Day 1:
• Look for living and non-living objects in magazines.
• You need to cut out 7 living and 7 non-living pictures.
• You can not use pictures of people, weapons, or anything
inappropriate.
Living vs. Non-living Poster
Day 2 & 3:
• Continue looking for 7 living and 7 non-living objects.
• After you have your pictures cut out you may get a piece
of construction paper.
• You need to glue your pictures on the paper and
decorate the poster.
• You must identify the objects and classify them as living
or non-living.
• Make sure your name and class period are on the poster.
Living vs. Non-living Poster
Day 4: Presentations
• You need to talk about 2 or 3 living and 2 or
3 non-living objects.
• You need to explain at least 1 of the 6
characteristics that makes the object living or
non-living.
What do scientists do?
- They do research and experiments to solve problems
How do they do their job?
• Use safety procedures
• Use equipment
• Use measurement
Safety Rules
1. Know where safety equipment is.
2. DO NOT eat or drink in the lab!
3. Never taste chemicals!
4. Be careful with glassware.
5. Report cuts, spills, and broken glass to the teacher
immediately.
6. Wash your hands after experiments
7. Wear goggles when working with chemicals.
8. Tie hair back when working with fire.
9. Use mitts or tongs to pick up hot glassware.
Measurement
Objectives:
1. Know the appropriate metric unit for mass, volume,
temperature and length.
2. Know the appropriate instrument for measuring mass,
volume, temperature and length.
3. Know how to use a ruler, balance, thermometer and
graduated cylinder and read measurements.
4. Know how to convert between metric units and
determine larger or smaller measurements.
Measurement
A measurement has two parts:
- a number
- a unit
In Science, we always use metric units. All scientists use
metric units so they can easily discuss results.
Measurement
Metric Unit
Temperature
Celsius (0 C)
Length
Meter (m)
Mass
Gram (g)
Volume
Liter (L)
Measurement Vocabulary
Temperature:
is a measure of how hot or cold an
object is.
Length: is a measure of the distance from one point to
another.
Mass: is a measure of the amount of matter in an
object.
Volume: is a measure of the amount of space an
object takes up.
Measurement
Instrument
Metric Unit
Temperature
Thermometer
Celsius
Length
Metric Ruler
Meter
Mass
Balance
Gram
Volume
Graduated
cylinder
Liter
Metric Units
• Based on the power of 10
• Conversions are the same you just change the unit
milli
centi
deci
BASE
deca
hecto
kilo
If you move to the right on the chart you move the decimal
to the left. Left on the chart, move decimal to the right.
How many millimeters long is the motor in the picture?
8 mm
How many centimeters long is the motor in the picture?
0.8 cm
www.psu.edu/ur/ heartdevices/tinymotor.htm
Metric Conversions
kilo-
1000
Move up
hecto100
Move decimal left
deca10
BASE
1
Move down
Move decimal right
deci1/10
centi1/100
milli1/1000
Measuring length
• Use a ruler
• Line up from zero not the end of the ruler
• Small divisions are millimeters
0
1
2
3
4
Metric Conversions
10 mm = 1 cm
100 cm = 1 m
1000 mm = 1 m
1000 m = 1 km
Base units
Prefixes
g = gram
m = milli-
da = deca-
L = liter
c = centi-
h = hecto-
m = meter
d = deci-
k = kilo-
Conversion Activity
Please convert the following measurements:
A. 3.5 kg = ________ g
B. 0.27 L = ________ mL
C. 6.2 m = _________ cm
D. 22.0 mm = ________ cm
E. 55 mL = _______ L
F. 3 cm = _______ m
G. 15 dm = ________ m
H. 22 cm = _______ mm
I. 98 g = ________ kg
J. 82.1 dm = ________ cm
COPY HOMEWORK on a separate sheet of paper
Conversion Activity
A.
5.6 grams to milligrams
B.
125 centimeters to meters
C.
1350 milliliters to liters
D.
3000 grams to kilograms
E.
25 decimeters to meters
F.
4.2 liters to milliliters
G.
357 milligrams to grams
H.
0.85 kilometers to decimeters
I.
14 millimeters to centimeters
J.
67.5 centimeters to millimeters
September 22 nd Measurement Lab
Purpose: Understand how to use a metric ruler and
correctly measure 10 objects using mm or cm.
Object
Measurement
Temperature
1. Converting Fahrenheit to Celsius
oC
oC
= 5/9 x
( oF
= .5555 x
Example: 85 oF
– 32)
(oF
-32)
oC
= .5555 x (85 – 32)
oC
= .5555 x 53 = 29.4 oC
2. Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit
Water
oF
oC
Boiling Pt.
212
100
Melting Pt
32
0
oF
= (9/5 x oC) + 32
oF
= (1.8 x oC) + 32
Measuring Volume
• Use a graduated
cylinder.
• The water will curve
in the cylinder.
• Hold it level with
your eye.
• Read the bottom of
the curve.
• Measures in
milliliters mL.
30
20
10
Reading a graduated cylinder
1. Always read at eye level.
2. Read the volume at the bottom of the curve
(meniscus).
3. Make sure you use the correct scale.
Each mark = 0.1 mL
Each mark = 1 mL
Volume = 13 mL
Volume = 5.5 mL
October 3rd
Temperature and Volume Lab
Purpose: To understand how to use a thermometer and
read a graduated cylinder.
Station
1
2
3
4
Temperature
Station
1
2
3
4
5
6
Volume
Measuring Mass
•
•
•
•
Use a triple beam balance
First balance it at zero.
Then put item on the pan.
Then move one weight at a time. Start with
the smallest scale.
• When balanced, add up the weights.
• Put all weights back to zero before
removing object from the pan.
0
10
20
0
0
1
30
40
100
2
3
50
200
4
60
70
300
5
6
7
80
90 100
400
500
8
9
10
www.edinformatics.com/ math_science/mass.htm
•
Get out your homework to be collected.
•
Write down your homework in your agenda.
Measurement Packet due Wednesday!
•
Two people please pass out lab notebooks.
• Copy the following in your lab notebook.
Object
October 6th
Mass Lab
Purpose: Understand how to
use a triple beam balance and
correctly weigh 10 objects.
Measurement
Scientific Method
A series of steps used to answer a question or solve a
problem.
Six steps of the Scientific Method:
1. Ask a question. (What do you want to know?)
2. Develop a hypothesis. (An educated guess of the outcome.)
3. Test the hypothesis ( a. Design an experiment
b. Collect data)
4. Analyze the data. (What does your data mean?)
5. Draw conclusions. (What did you learn?)
6. Communicate results.
Vocabulary
Observation: • To take notice
• Use your five senses
• Record what you observe
Inference: • Using your observations to form an opinion
• Not facts
Data: Facts that are known to be true
Scientific Vocabulary
Control: A standard that is used to compare the outcome.
Constant: Anything that does not change during an experiment.
Independent variable: (manipulated variable)
The thing you change in an experiment (ex. sunlight)
Dependent variable: (responding variable)
The measure of change for the outcome (ex. plant height)