TORTORA • FUNKE
• CASE
Microbiology
AN INTRODUCTION
EIGHTH EDITION
B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein
Chapter 11, part C
The Prokaryotes:
Domains Bacteria and Archaea
The  (delta) Proteobacteria
Delta Proteobacteria include the genera Myxococcus and
Bdellovibrio which prey on other bacteria and Desulfovibrio
which are dissimilatory sulfur reducers.
The  (delta) Proteobacteria
• Bdellovibrio. Prey on other
bacteria
• Desulfovibrionales. Use S
instead of O2 as final electron
acceptor, form H2S
• Myxococcales. Gliding. Cells
aggregate to form myxospores
The  (delta) Proteobacteria
Figure 11.10a
The  (delta) Proteobacteria
Figure 11.1b
The  (epsilon) Proteobacteria
Epsilon-proteobacteria include the genera Campylobacter and
Helicobacter which are human pathogens
The  (epsilon) Proteobacteria
• Campylobacter
• One polar flagellum
• Gastroenteritis
Figure 11.1a
The  (epsilon) Proteobacteria
• Helicobacter
• Multiple flagella
• Peptic ulcers
• Stomach cancer
Figure 11.1b
The Nonproteobacteria Gram (-)
Sulfur bacteria
Other groups that don’t fit anywhere
Cyanobacteria
• Oxygenic photosynthesis
• Gliding motility
• Fix nitrogen
Cyanobacteria
Figure 11.12a-c
Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria
• Anoxygenic photosynthesis
• Purple and green sulfur bacteria
• Chlorobi maybe proteobacteria
• Other anoxygenic are non-sulfur purple and
green
• Use organic compounds
light
(CH2O) + H2O + O2
2H2O + CO2
2H2S + CO2
light
(CH2O) + H2O + 2S0
Assorted other phyla of bacteria -Chlamydiae
• Obligate intracellular
parasites
• Gram(-)
• C. trachomatis
• Trachoma
• STD, urethritis
• C. pneumoniae
• C. psittaci
• Causes psittacosis
• Parrots? Wild birds
In Bergey's Manual, Volume 5
Figure 11.22a
In Bergey's Manual, Volume 5
Figure 11.22b
Spirochaetes
• Borrelia
• Leptospira
• Treponema
Figure 11.23
Leptosporsis
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Contact of the skin or mucous membranes with
contaminated water, soil or vegetation; direct contact with urine or tissues of
infected animals; occasionally through ingestion of contaminated food or by
inhalation of droplet aerosols of contaminated fluids
INCUBATION PERIOD: Usually 10 days with a range of 4-19 days
COMMUNICABILITY: Direct transmission from person to person is rare; leptospires
may be excreted in urine for usually 1 month but has been observed as long as
11 months after the acute
DISSEMINATION RESERVOIR: Farm and pet animals, including cattle, dogs,
horses and swine; rats and other rodents act as the normal carrier host; wild
animals, including deer, squirrels, foxes, skunks and even reptiles and
amphibians may be infected; in Europe, field mice, voles, Shrews and hedgehogs
are common reservoirs; in carrier animals, an asymptomatic infection occurs
ZOONOSIS: Yes - direct and indirect contact with urine, abortion products, and
materials contaminated with urine from infected animals
Bacteroidetes
• Anaerobic
• Bacteroides. In mouth and large intestine
• Bacteroides are gram-negative,
nonsporeforming, anaerobic, and rod-shaped
bacteria
• Bacteroides are one of the most numerous of
the intestinal bugs and we get to see a great
many everyday as about 30 % of what comes
out of the intestine is bacteria! 1 billion per gram
of feces
• Veillonella - hydrogen sulfide producer in mouth
•
Veillonella are Gram-negative cocci that are the anaerobic counterpart of
Neisseria. These non-motile diplococci are part of the normal flora of the mouth.
The reason this organism is important is not due to its pathogenicity. Instead, we
include Veillonella because it can be and is often mistaken for the more serious
gonococcal infection. The most common species isolated from humans is V.
parvula. Veillonella species are negative for almost every biochemical test with
the exception of an occasional strain being positive for catalase.
Fusobacteria
• Fusobacterium
• Found in mouth
• Strict anaerobe
• May be involved in
dental diseases
• Could spread
• Lemierre Syndrome
Figure 11.24