CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
ANGIE FRANCO
SARAH MCGARRY
LILIANA MEDINA
Period 2
FUNCTIONS AND GOAL
• Pumps 7,000 liters of blood throughout the body every day
• Goal = circulate blood so that the body gets enough oxygen and
wastes don’t accumulate
• Pulmonary Circuit: sends oxygen depleted blood to the lungs to pick
up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide
• Systemic Circuit: send oxygen rich blood and nutrients to all body
cells and removes wastes
THE HEART CHAMBERS
•
Atria: upper chamber
- Thin walls and receive blood returning to the
heart
- Auricles: small earlike projections, extend
anteriorly
from the atria, slightly increasing atrial
volume
•
Ventricle: lower chamber
- Force the blood out of the heart and into the
arteries
left
- Interatrial septum separates the right from the
atrium
- Interventricular septum separates the two
THE HEART VALVES
• Tricuspid Valve (right atrioventricular
valve)
• Papillary muscle
- chordae tendinea
• blood move from right atrium to right
ventricle
• prevents blood from moving in the wrong
direction
• Pulmonary Valve (pulmonary
semilunar valve)
• opens when right ventricle contracts
• prevents return flow into the right ventricle
THE HEART VALVES
• Mitral Valve (left atrioventricular valve or
bicuspid valve)
• prevents blood from flowing back into the left
atrium when ventricle contracts
• Aortic Valve (aortic semilunar valve)
• blood leaves left ventricle as it contracts
• prevents blood from flowing back into the left
ventricle
COVERINGS
•
Pericardium: (pericardial sac) serous
membrane, surrounds the heart
•
•
Fibrous Pericardium: outer fibrous bag
•
Epicardium: (visceral pericardium)
innermost layer of serous membrane
Parietal Pericardium: inner lining of fibrous
pericardium
• Myocardium: muscle tissue of the heart
• Endocardium: inner lining of the heart
chambers
BLOOD PATH
Aorta
RRight Coronary Artery y
Posterior
interventricular
artery
Walls of Right
Atrium and
Right Ventricle
Left Coronary Artery
Marginal
artery
Artery
Circumflex
Artery
Ventricular
Walls
Walls of Left
Atrium and
Left Ventricle
Cardiac Veins
Coronary Sinus
Right Atrium
Anterior
Interventricular
Artery
Ventricular
Walls
FLOW IN SYSTEM CIRCUIT VS. PULMONARY
CIRCUIT
BLOOD VESSELS
• Layers:
• Arteries: carry blood away from heart
- Aorta
- Pulmonary artery
• Veins: carry blood towards the heart
- Pulmonary vein
- Coronary sinus
- Superior vena cava
- Inferior vena cava
Capillaries: connects an arteriole and a venule
1.Tunica Interna
2.Tunica Media
3.Tunica Externa
BLOOD PRESSURE
• force the blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels
• pressure in arteries by branches of the aorta
• varies depending on activity, situation, disease states
• Regulated by nervous and endocrine system
• Hypotension and Hypertension
• Filtration: force which pushes fluid into tissue spaces and out of vascular
sites
•
glomerular filtration
SYSTOLE VS. DIASTOLE
• systolic pressure: the maximum
pressure achieved during ventricular
contraction
• Systole: contraction of the heart
especially of the ventricles, during
which blood is forced into the aorta
and pulmonary artery
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/st
udent_view0/chapter22/animation__the_cardiac_cycl
e__quiz_1_.html
• diastolic pressure: the lowest pressure
achieved during ventricular contraction
• Diastole: the phase in which the heart
relaxes between contractions
PLASMA & PROTEINS
•
Plasma: clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of the blood in which the cells
and platelets are suspended
• Transports nutrients, gases and vitamins
• Regulates fluid and electrolyte balance
• Maintains favorable pH
Proteins
• Albumins
• Globulins
• Fibrinogen
CARDIAC OUTPUT
• Volume discharged from the ventricular per minute
• Limited by the amount of blood returning to the ventricles
• Cardiac output= stroke volume x heart rate
• Stroke volume/ heart rate decreases = cardiac output decreases and blood
pressure decreases
HEARTBEAT & SOUNDS
• indicate condition of the heart valves
• vibrations produced as the blood flow is
speeded or slowed
• opening and closing of the valves
• contraction and relaxation
• Mitral valve: heard from the 5th intercostal
space , left
• Tricuspid valve: heard at the 5th
intercostal space, right
HEARTBEAT AND SOUNDS
• (lubb)
• (dupp)
• Split: closure of the pulmonary and the
aortic valves are long
• Murmur: cusps not closed completely
• Aortic sound: right
• Pulmonic sound: left
CONDUCTION
•
group of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the
walls of the heart send signals to the heart
muscle causing it to contract
• location: myocardium
• function: initiate and distribute
cardiac impulses throughout the
myocardium
•
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_
view0/chapter22/animation__conducting_system_of_the_he
art.html
○ Bundle of His (Atrioventricular Bundle)
■ regulated by conduction control
center of the ventricles, the AV
node
■ located in upper portion of the
interventricular septum
○ Bundle Branches
■ regulated by the AV node
CELLS, FIBERS, ETC.
○ Purkinje fibers- (conduction myofibers)
■ regulated by both SA & AV nodes
○ cardiac muscle cells
■ autorhythmicity (automaticity)
○ some smooth cells - electrical synapse;
gap junction; no neurotransmitter
■ autorhythmicity
SA NODE V. AV NODE
● AV node (atrioventricular node)
○ location: inferior portion of septum
that separates the atria and just
beneath the endocardium
● SA node (sinoatrial node)
○ located in the right atrium near the
opening of the superior vena cava
Electrical System
Work Cited
•
"Cardiac Conduction System." Nottingham.ac.uk. U of Nottingham, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/nursing/practice/resources/cardiology/function/conduction.php>.
•
Chen, Michael A., Dr. "Cardiac Conduction System." nlm.nih.gov. A.D.A.M., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000021.htm>.
•
Shier, David, Jackie Butler, and Ricki Lewis. Hole’s Human Anatomy & Physiology. Eleventh ed. New York: Michelle Watnick, 2007. Print.
24 Feb. 2015.
•
"Your Heart's Electrical System." nhlbi.nih.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hhw/electrical>.