FDR
Modern Presidency
• Pre-Modern 1789-1932
• Modern 1933-present
• 2nd American republic?
– Theodore Lowi, The Personal Presidency
Real GDP (per working age person)
•
Timothy J. Kehoe Professor of Economics, University of Minnesota and Adviser, Federal
Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, http://www.econ.umn.edu/~tkehoe/
GNP Per Capita
(relative to 1889-1929 trend)
J. Bradford DeLong, University of California at Berkeley and NBER
http://econ161.berkeley.edu/TCEH/Slouch_Crash14.html
Stock Market
http://www.affordablehousinginstitute.org/blogs/us/Stock_market_crash_1929_small.jpg
The Depression in the US
“Hoovervilles”
Herbert Hoover, 1929-1933
Governor Roosevelt of NY
(with former Gov. Al Smith)
John Maynard Keynes:
Modern Liberalism
Circulation
Newmann gets paid!!!!! Newmann gets paid!!!!!!!!!!!!
Employee
enrolls
at VCU
Employee decides
he/she can pay
for college
Newmann
buys bagels,
Chinese food,
new Pat Metheny CD,
sneakers
Employees of
businesses
near VCU
get paid
Business Cycle
Boom-Bust cycle
Self-regulating
But, what if….
Non-self-regulating
Government job?
FDR’s New Deal
• FDR Inaugural Speech (text) (audio of
oath of office and inaugural speech)
• Fireside Chats
1. Government Role in
the Economy
The New Deal: Creating Jobs
Works Progress Administration
New Deal: Regulation
National Recovery
Administration
but… Schechter v. US (1935)
New Deal: Redistribution
2. President’s Role
3. Enlargement of the
Federal Government
“Presidential Branch”
Executive Office
of the President
(Staff)
Appointees
(Line Officials; Legal
offices approved by
Senate)
Career Bureaucracy
Inside the EOP
Executive Office of
the Presidency (EOP)
WHO
NSC
Staff
OMB
NEC
Staff
WHO-White House Office;
OMB-Office of Management and Budget;
USTR-Office of US Trade Representative;
OSTP-Office of Science and Technology Policy;
ONDC-Office of National Drug Control Policy
USTR
OGC
OSTP
ONDC
NSC-National Security Council Staff;
NEC –National Economic Council Staff;
OGC-Office of Global Communications;
Cabinet-level Committee Structure
NSC or NEC
NSC or
NEC Staff
Pres, VP, Secretary of…
NSC/NEC Principals Committee
Secretary of… (no P or VP)
NSC/NEC Deputies Committee
Deputy Secretary of…
NSC/NEC
Interagency
Policy Comm.
NSC/NEC
Interagency
Policy Comm.
NSC/NEC
Interagency
Policy Comm
NSC/NEC
Interagency
Policy Comm
(Asst. Sec)
(Asst. Sec)
(Asst. Sec)
(Asst. Sec)
What often happens…
Pres
NSC/NEC…
NSC or NEC
Staff
Pres, VP, Secretary of…
NSC/NEC Principals Committee
Secretary of…(no P or VP)
NSC/NEC Deputies Committee
Deputy Secretary of…
NSC/NEC
Asst. Sec level
Interagency
Comm.
NSC/NEC
Asst. Sec level
Interagency
Comm.
NSC/NEC
Asst. Sec level
Interagency
Comm.
NSC/NEC
Asst. Sec level
Interagency
Comm.
4. Precedents
• 100 Days
• New Deal as a new social contract
• President as provider of services
– Not Congress
– Not federal government
5. Electoral Realignment
• 1860-1932 (72 years)
– 56 years Republican;
– 16 years Democratic
• 1932-1980 (48 years)
– 32 years Democratic;
– 16 years Republican
Atlas of Presidential elections
New Deal Coalition
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Democratic South
African-Americans
Union members
Urban North
Immigrant/newer ethnic groups
Farmers
Socialist parties voters
Effect of FDR on US Political
Culture
Left
US
Pre1933
Left-right defined as accepted level of government
intervention in the economy:
right = less intervention
left = more intervention
Right
FDR Character
FDR: Polio
Eleanor Roosevelt