Human & Environmental Risk Assessment
Environmental Risk Assessment
Progress and Lessons Learned
Kay Fox
Chair of the HERA Environmental Task Force
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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HERA Environment Task Force
K. Fox
A. Aarts
C. Arregui
J. Backmann
A. Berends
G. Boeije
D. Calcinai
E. Cerbelaud
H. Certa
R. Elsmore
V. Koch
Solutia
HERA
HERA
Solvay
P&G
Sasol
Rhodia
Sasol
McBride
Clariant
Unilever (Chair)
I. Lopez
Petresa
P. Masscheleyn
P&G
C. Poelloth
HERA
P. Richner
CIBA
W. Schul
BASF
J. Steber
Henkel
C. Stevens
Dow Corning
R. Toy
Shell Chemicals
R. van Wijk
Akzo Nobel
T. Wind
Henkel
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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HERA Environment Goals
• 1a. To develop a methodology, based on the
TGD, which is specifically tailored to
household detergent and cleaning products
– Transparent
– Good science
Speed
– Rapid and easy to use
Quality
• 1b. To carry out risk assessments, and to use
them to improve the methodology
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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HERA
Environment
Conclusions specific for
European Usage
AISE product categories
HERA Environmental Risk Assessment
starts with EU Technical Guidance Document
for New and Existing substances
EUSES
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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HERA
Main focus on chemical substances used primarily in
Household detergent and cleaning products
Sewer Transport
Sewage Treatment
Focus on
the use and disposal
of these substances
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES
TGD
• Begin with EUSES
– Environment
• Local
• Regional
– Predators exposed via the environment
– Man exposed via the environment
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES
HERA
• Tiered Methodology
– Begin with EUSES
– Include the HERA Detergent Scenario
– Replace selected EUSES values if appropriate
• Removal values in Sewage Treatment Plant
• Often need Chronic ecotoxicity data
– Use all other EUSES initial values
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES
• EUSES assumes that
– the local wastewater treatment plant receives 4
times the average ingredient input
– the Standard EU region receives 10% of the total
European product consumption
• HERA replaces these assumptions with measured
values based on laundry detergent product
consumption and environmental monitoring data the HERA Detergent Scenario.
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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Regional Environmental Concentration
Standard EU Region
Production
20 million people
200 km
10% of EU Production
Formulation
Use
200 km
Release is based on Production
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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HERA
Detergent Release scenario
HERA Region
Release
is based on
Production
population density
200 km
Formulation
Use
~100% of release
200 km
Kg/person/year
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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HERA
Region
Entire EU
Switzerland
Belgium
Paris, Picardie, U. Normandie
The Netherlands
Population Area, km2 # EU Regions Pop. Density
370000000
3560000
89
104
7325000
39550
0.99
185
10213000
32820
0.82
311
14500000
43000
1.08
337
15739000
33920
0.85
464
EUSES Standard Region
20000000
40000
1.00
500
London and SE +E
Northrhine-Westphalia
20452000
17800000
39794
34071
0.99
0.85
514
522
The HERA Detergent Scenario takes
the highest population density in Europe
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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Fi
nl
a
Sw nd
ed
N en
or
w
Ic ay
el
Th
a
D
e
e n
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th ar
er k
la
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u
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e
a
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i tz any
er
la
n
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Eu
la
ro
nd
pe
an
Av UK
er
a
G ge
re
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B ce
e
Lu l g
xe iu m
m
bu
r
Fr g
an
Po c
rt e
ug
a
Sp l
ai
n
Ita
ly
kg/person/year
And the highest laundry detergent usage
1998 per capita detergent consumption
by country
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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To generate the maximum regional
release for household laundry products
200 km
200 km
This is 7% of the
European consumption volume
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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HERA
• Product use and substance use data are
expected to be similar, for most widely used
household detergent and cleaning
ingredients.
• Each HERA Substance Team will consider
any areas of high regional usage for their
substance, and will modify the HERA regional
default if appropriate.
Fragrance F
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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EUSES
Release from LOCAL sewage
treatment facility
STD. EU
Region
Local treatment plants
TGD - Local
plant
4
A reasonable worst
case treatment plant
receives 4 times the
average load
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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Experimental data
HERA
Comparison with
sales shows 90%
of sewage plants
receive less than 1.5
times the boron sold
in laundry detergent
Frequency
Boron in effluents: 50 treatment plants
NL
7
Germany
6
Italy
3
UK
34 plants
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
120%
100%
Frequency
80%
Cumulative %
60%
40%
20%
0%
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
2.4
Boron measured / Boron calculated
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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• HERA uses 1.5 times, not 4 times the
average per capita consumption to
determine a realistic worst case for the
sewage treatment plant input.
• Each HERA Substance team will consider
any areas of high local use and will modify
this HERA value if appropriate.
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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Summary - HERA Detergent Scenario
100%, not 99%, of ingredient used
goes to the local treatment facility
Region 7%, not 10%
of ingredient
STD. EU
Region
1.5
Local sewage
treatment - 1.5
is worst case, not 4.
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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So - How well does it work?
• As well as for boron and some surfactants,
monitoring data are available for FWA-5
– might be subject to local usage patterns
• FWA-5 data shows Hera Detergent Scenario
is still conservative - i.e. predicts a higher
environmental concentration than found
experimentally.

HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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HERA Lessons learned - Environment
• The HERA detergent scenario, based on
measured data for boron in laundry
detergent, works - as shown by FWA -5
• Production and Use data
– HERA is identifying the data locations
within companies/organisations
– HERA is building the network to deliver the
data we need
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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HERA Lessons learned - Environment
HERA sponsor companies are aware
• Hazard data needs are often “higher tier”
– Chronic or higher “non-SIDS” data
• Environmental exposure - more realistic
data often needed
– Sewage treatment plant removal data
– Environmental monitoring data very helpful
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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HERA
Conclusions - Environment
• HERA is building a focussed Risk
Assessment method
– based on the EU TGD
– applicable to “HERA” products
• HERA is assembling the Network to deliver
focussed risk assessments
– good science
– transparency
– comparatively rapid, and easy to use
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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Thanks!
• To HERA for providing the Challenges!
• To the HERA Environment task force for help with
the Solutions
• To ERASM and the Environment Agency for
England and Wales for funding the boron
monitoring work
• To the monitoring staff who collected the samples
in all weathers!
• To you for listening!
HERA European Stakeholders Workshop: Brussels, Oct 2001
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