• Competitive Strategy
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Central Intelligence Agency Open Source Intelligence
1
During the Reagan administration, Michael
Sekora (assigned to the DIA), worked with
agencies across the intelligence community,
including the CIA, to develop and deploy a
technology-based competitive strategy
system called Project Socrates. Project
Socrates was designed to utilize open source
intelligence gathering almost exclusively. The
technology-focused Socrates system
supported such programs as the Strategic
Defense Initiative in addition to private sector
projects.
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Marketing management - Structure
Marketing management employs
various tools from economics and
competitive strategy to analyze the
industry context in which the firm
operates. These include Porter's five
forces, analysis of strategic groups of
competitors, value chain analysis and
others. Depending on the industry, the
regulatory context may also be
important to examine in detail.
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History of science policy - 1900–1945
1
In the twentieth century, scientific and
technological research became
increasingly systematised, as
corporations developed, and
discovered that continuous investment
in research and development could be
a key element of success in a
competitive strategy
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Regional insourcing
1
Regional insourcing takes this competitive
strategy one step further by applying the
classical argument of Adam Smith, which
posits that two nations would benefit more
from one another by trading the goods that
they are more proficient at manufacturing
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Comparative advantage - Development economics
One of the most indepth research
undertakings on competitive
advantage was conducted in the 1980s
as part of the Reagan administration's
Project Socrates to establish the
foundation for a technology-based
competitive strategy development
system that could be used for guiding
international trade policy.
1
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Cross-cultural differences in decision making - Cross-cultural variances developed as a
result of differences in social orientation
1
A group composed of members with
low independent self-construal prefer
the cooperative strategy to the
competitive one, whereas a group
composed of members with high
independent self construal preferred
the competitive strategy to the
cooperative one
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Jazztel
1
Jazztel's competitive strategy consists
in relying in its fiber-optic network
combined with the use of Telefonica's
copper lines for terminations. Jazztel's
growth is mainly due to the sales of
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line|ADSL services but the company
also resells TV and mobile services.
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Design management - Managing design as a strategic asset (1980s–1990s)
1
In the management community the topics
of management theory, positioning
strategy, brand management, strategic
management, advertisement, competitive
strategy, leadership, business ethics,
mass customisation, core competencies,
strategic intent, reputation management,
and system theory were discussed
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Michael Mauboussin
1
Mauboussin' (born February 1964) is
managing director and head of Global
Financial Strategies at Credit Suisse,
where he advises clients on Valuation
(finance)|valuation and portfolio
(finance)|portfolio positioning,
capital markets theory, competitive
strategy analysis, and decision
making
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Relational view - Comparison to other theories
1
(1980): Competitive strategy
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Operations management - Metrics: efficiency and effectiveness
1
'Operations strategy' concerns policies
and plans of use of the firm productive
resources with the aim of supporting long
term competitive strategy. Metrics in
operations management can be broadly
classified into efficiency metrics and
effectiveness metrics. Effectiveness
metrics involve:
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Corporate social responsibility - Approaches
1
Porter, a leading authority on competitive
strategy and head of the Institute for
Strategy and Competitiveness at Harvard
Business School; and Mark R
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Strategic information system - Overview
1
Some of the key ideas of storefront writers
are summarized. These include Michael
Porter's Competitive Advantage and the
Value Chain, Charles Wiseman’s Strategic
Perspective View and the Strategic Planning
Process, F. Warren McFarlan’s Competitive
Strategy with examples of Information
Service’s Roles, and Gregory Parson’s
Information Technology Management at the
industry level, at the firm level, and at the
strategy level.
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Strategic information system - History
1
:I call this the strategic perspective on
information systems (technology). The
chapters to follow present my
conception of it. Written for top
executives and line managers, they
show how computers (information
technology) can be used to support or
shape competitive strategy.
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Strategic information system - Porter’s competitive advantage
1
Porter says that there
are two central
questions in
competitive strategy:
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Strategic information system - Wiseman’s strategic perspective view
1
* Give a Tutorial on Competitive Strategy.
Introduce the concepts of strategic thrusts,
strategic targets, and competitive strategy.
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Resource-based view - Further reading
* Porter, M. E. (1980), Competitive
Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing
Industries and Competitors, New York, NY:
Free Press
1
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CIA - Open Source Intelligence
During the Reagan administration,
Michael Sekora (assigned to the
Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA),
worked with agencies across the
intelligence community, including the
CIA, to develop and deploy a
technology-based competitive
strategy system called Project
Socrates
1
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Quick Response Manufacturing - Background
1
Time-based competition is a broad-based
competitive strategy emphasizing time as
the major factor for achieving and
maintaining a sustainable competitive
advantage
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Ticketmaster - Ticket sales market
Ticketmaster frequently maintains
exclusive ticket-sales contracts with major
venues as a competitive strategy.
1
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Institutional Theory
1
Some of those pressures in host and
home institutional environments are
testified to exert fundamental
influences on competitive strategy
(Martinsons, 1993; Porter, 1990) and
human resource management (HRM)
practices (Rosenzweig and Singh,
1991; Zaheer, 1995)
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Yale School of Management - Prominent faculty
1
*Sharon Oster - competitive strategy authority;
author of Modern Competitive Analysis
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Competitive - National competitiveness
1
The research resulted in ten findings
which served as the framework for the
Socrates Competitive Strategy System
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Industrial policy - History
1
Project Socrates, directed by Michael
Sekora, resulted in a computer-based
competitive strategy system that was
made available to private industry and
all other public and private institutions
that impact economic growth,
competitiveness and trade policy
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Southwest Airlines - Impact on carriers
1
The competitive strategy combines high
level of employee and aircraft productivity
with low unit costs by reducing aircraft turn
around time particularly at the gate
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Knowledge value chain
The term first started coming into common use
around 1999, appearing in management-related
talks and
papers.[http://www.aurorawdc.com/kmworld99.htm
1999 KMWorld conference program], listing
Powell's talk on The Knowledge Value Chain Aligning
Knowledge Workers with Competitive
Strategy[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/
mcb/026/2000/00000019/00000009/art00003
Knowledge value chain],The Journal of
Management Development,
Volume 19,
Number 9, 2000, pp
1
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Porter five forces analysis - Intensity of competitive rivalry
1
* Powerful competitive strategy
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Wren, Daniel - Most Influential Management Books of the 20th century, 2001
1
* Michael E. Porter (1980), Competitive
strategy: Techniques for analyzing
industries and competitors.
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Strategy dynamics - Static models of strategy and performance
The ‘industry forces’ paradigm was
established most firmly by Michael
Porter, (1980) in his seminal book
‘Competitive Strategy’, the ideas of
which still form the basis of strategy
analysis in many consulting firms and
investment companies.
1
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Porter's generic strategies - Criticisms of generic strategies
Porter stressed the idea that only one
strategy should be adopted by a firm and
failure to do so will result in “stuck in the
middle” scenario.Porter, M.E., Competitive
Strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries
and competitors New York: The Free Press
(1980) He discussed the idea that practising
more than one strategy will lose the entire
focus of the organization hence clear
direction of the future trajectory could not be
established
1
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Corporate strategy - Many definitions of strategy
1
Michael Porter defined strategy in 1980
as the ...broad formula for how a
business is going to compete, what its
goals should be, and what policies will
be needed to carry out those goals and
the ...combination of the ends (goals)
for which the firm is striving and the
means (policies) by which it is seeking
to get there. He continued that: The
essence of formulating competitive
strategy is relating a company to its
environment.
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Corporate strategy - Environmental analysis
1
Porter wrote in 1980 that formulation of
competitive strategy includes
consideration of four key elements:
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Michael Porter
1
He is a leading authority on competitive
strategy and the competitiveness and
economic development of nations,
states, and regions
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Michael Porter - Career
Michael Porter is the author of 18
books and numerous articles
including Competitive Strategy,
Competitive Advantage, Competitive
Advantage of Nations, and On
Competition
1
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Michael Porter - Business strategy
1
His main academic objectives focus
on how a firm or a region can build a
competitive advantage and develop
competitive strategy; the
competitiveness of nations, regions
and cities; and solutions to social
problems. He is also a Fellow Member
of the Strategic Management Society.
One of his most significant
contributions is the Porter five forces
analysis|five forces. Porter's strategic
system consists primarily of:
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Michael Porter - Criticisms
Why Competitive
Strategy Succeeds and With Whom
1
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Michael Porter - Works
* Porter, M.E. (1980) Competitive
Strategy, Free Press, New York, 1980.
The book was voted the ninth most
influential management book of the
20th century in a poll of the Fellows of
the Academy of Management.
1
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Strategic planning software
Harvard Business School professor,
Michael Porter's influential book,
Competitive Strategy was based upon this
data
1
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Strategic planning software
Examples include Stella and
iThinkhttp://www.scientificsoftwaresolutions.com/pages.php?pageid=25 based upon
Peter Senge's book, The Fifth Discipline, BCG
Matrix for Brand Portfolio
Analysishttp://www.windows8downloads.com/win
8-bcg-matrix-for-brand-portfolio-analysisudwwqypf/ Net Promoter Score
software,http://www.netpromoter.com/solutions/so
lutions-overview/software/ Management Software
Associates' Competitive Strategy (which modeled
strategic cost drivers such as learning curves,
impact of scale, impact of complexity, economies
of scope and value), Portfolio Analysis and New
Product Modeling using viral models.
1
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VRIO
Second, they can choose to analyze and
duplicate the competitive strategy of its rival
1
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Tapered integration - Advantages
* Protection against hold-up
problem|holdup riskPorter, M. E. (1998).
Competitive strategy: Techniques for
analyzing competitors and industries.
2nd edition, New Jork: The Free Press,
p. 320.
1
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Tapered integration - Literature
* Porter, M. E. (1998). Competitive
strategy: Techniques for analyzing
competitors and industries. 2nd edition,
New Jork: The Free Press.
1
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Haas School of Business - Undergraduate program
Students often explore their field of
interest in electives and can take more
advanced courses such as Corporate
Valuation, Financial Engineering, and
Competitive Strategy
1
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British European Airways - BEA in Berlin
1
5, Temple Press, London, 2 October 1968
This measure was therefore only a
stopgap until most of BEA's Berlin fleet
was equipped with 97-seat, single-class
BAC One-Eleven 500s.the temporary use
of Comet 4Bs on BEA's Berlin routes
enabled Viscount crews to undergo
conversion training on the One-Eleven
BEA's re-equipment of its Berlin fleet
with brand-new One-Eleven 500 jets was
central to the airline's competitive
advantage|competitive strategy to
regain ground lost to Pan Am's 727s
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San Miguel Corporation - Andrés Soriano, Jr.: 1964-1984
It was a creative counter to San
Miguel's notoriously aggressive and
sometimes cutthroat competitive
strategy, which had reportedly included
attempts to sabotage Asia Brewery's
sales network and smash its empty
bottles
1
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360 v. Tencent - Reactions
1
Yu Fei, CEO of Langezhiyang International
Sales Consultant Principal, speculates that
the dispute is resulted from poor
competitive strategy.
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Monitor Group - Operations
Several authors affiliated with the firm
have written business consulting books
related to Monitor's work, including
Competitive Strategy: Techniques for
Analyzing Industries and Competitors, by
Michael Porter; Knowledge for Action: A
Guide to Overcoming Barriers to
Organizational Change, by Chris Argyris; A
Theory of the Firm: Governance, Residual
Claims and Organizational Forms, by
Michael Jensen|Michael C
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Monitor Group - Notable current and former employees
1
* Michael Porter - Academic, Harvard
Business School; leading authority on
competitive strategy and international
competitiveness
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StarCraft II: Heart of the Swarm - Reception
1
PC Gamer gave the game 91%, calling
it A traditional RTS essential for
anyone interested in competitive
strategy games, and highly
recommended for anyone who isn't.
GameSpot rated the game 8/10,
lauding the game's fantastically
diverse campaign and entertaining
online play while criticizing the
writing as lackluster.
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Dan Stemkoski - Early life
1
Stemkoski was raised in southern New
Hampshire. In his youth, his interests
included skateboarding, basketball,
chess tournaments, and competitive
strategy games. Sports were his
primary interest before he found
competitive StarCraft. His consuming
interest in playing and studying the
game interfered with his high school
education, where he failed many of his
classes. He graduated in 2002.
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Strategic plan - Overview
1
Michael Porter wrote in 1980 that
formulation of competitive strategy
includes consideration of four key
elements:
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Strategic plan - Activities
1
quote box|width = 300px|quote=The
essence of formulating competitive
strategy is relating a company to its
environment.|source=Michael Porter
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CancerVax - Competitive Strategy
1
CancerVax Corporation’s competitive
strategy revolved around targeting
large disease markets with significant
unmet medical needs
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