BIOLOGY KEYSTONE REVIEW Homework Packet CRSD Mrs. Marsden APRIL 2015 TUESDAY WEDNESDAY Ac Biology THURSDAY PERIOD FRIDAY 1, 7/8, 9 SAT/SUN 1 2 3 4/5 WEEK 1 MONDAY SUBJECT 7 8 9 10 11/12 13 14 15 16 17 18/19 WEEK 2 6 I did it! WEEK 3 Quizlet #1 - Play Scatter Game, star 8 words, match under 60s 3x and move on These things are fun… And fun is good.” 21 22 23 24 Crash Course #4 Crash Course #6 WS #1 Quizlet #2- Play Scatter Game, as before Quizlet 1 Quiz Crash Course #2, 1, Begin WS #2 Crash Course #3 Enzyme Function Finish WS #2 Quizlet 2 Quiz 28 29 30 1 Quizlet #3 - Play Scatter Game Crash Course #7 Crash Course #8 WS #3 Quizlet 3 Quiz Quizlet #4 - Play Scatter Game Crash Course #5 WS #4 Quizlet 4 Quiz You Rock notes 6 WEEK 5 27 WEEK 25/26 “Oh the things you can find, if you don’t stay behind!” Wahoo! WEEK 4 20 “If you never did you should… “Kid, you can move mountains!” Why fit in when you were born to stand out? / MAY 2015 MONDAY TUESDAY SUBJECT WEDNESDAY Ac Biology THURSDAY FRIDAY 1 PERIOD 1, 7/8, 9 SAT/SUN 2/3 You Rock! WEEK 1 Crash Course #5 WS #4 Nail It! 3 11 6 7 8 Quizlet #5 - Play Scatter Game Crash Course #12, 13, 10 WS #5 Quizlet 5 Quiz Quizlet #6 Crash Course #9, 10, 11 WS #6 Quizlet #7 Crash Course 40, 7, 4, 5, 6 WS #7 Quizlet 6 Quiz “You have brains in your head… “You have feet in your shoes… “You can steer yourself any direction you choose.” 12 13 14 Quizlet #8 Crash Course 14, 15, 30 WS #8 Quizlet 7/8Quiz Last day before Keystone. You got this one! “You’re off to great places! Today is your day! Your mountain is waiting, so be on your way!” Dr. Seuss 9/10 15 16/17 “You are you. Now isn’t that pleasant.” 18 19 20 21 22 23/24 25 26 27 28 29 30/31 notes notes WEEK 5 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 ! How Smart! WEEK 2 4 Unit 1 – Basic Biological Principles Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Compare cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biological organization Quizlet Vocab Review – Unit 1 1. cell 2. organelle 3. organism 4. tissue 5. organ system 6. eukaryote 7. prokaryote 8. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 9. nucleus 10. extracellular 11. intracellular 12. endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 13. chloroplast 14. Golgi apparatus 15. mitochondrion 16. ribosome 17. plasma membrane 18. chromosomes 19. plastids 20. biology 21. species 22. unicellular 23. multicellular 24. organ 25. system 26. science 27. endosymbiosis 28. sexual reproduction 29. asexual reproduction Biology Crash Course o Eukaryopolis - The City of Animal Cells: Crash Course Biology #4 o Plant Cells: Crash Course Biology #6 Unit 1 – Basic Biological Principles - Worksheet 1. What are the 7 characteristics of life? a. _______________________________ b. _______________________________ c. _______________________________ d. _______________________________ e. _______________________________ f. _______________________________ g. _______________________________ 2. What type of cell does not have a nucleus? _______________________________ 3. What type of cell has a nucleus? _______________________________ 4. Label the parts of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: 5. What type of eukaryotic cell is pictured above? _______________________________ 6. What structure makes up the boundary of the cell? _______________________________ 7. Provide two examples of prokaryotes: ________________________ 8. Provide three types of eukaryotic cells: ________________________________________________ 9. Ribosome make ____________________. 10. Proteins that are destined to be excreted from the cell go to the ____________________ after the ribosomes. 11. The final destination for proteins being excreted from the cell is the ________________. 12. Another name for cytoplasm: _______________________________ 13. What is an organelle? _____________________________________________ 14. Where is sugar turned into ATP? _______________________________ 15. Where is light energy converted to chemical energy (sugars)? ______________________ Unit 2 – The Chemical Basis for Life Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion) Explain how carbon is uniquely suited to form biological macromolecules Describe how biological macromolecules form from monomers Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms Describe the role of an enzyme as a catalyst in regulating a specific biochemical reaction. Explain how factors such as pH, temperature, and concentration levels can affect enzyme function. Vocabulary 1. protein 2. enzyme 3. concentration 4. pH 5. temperature 6. biological macromolecules 7. catalyst 8. molecule 9. macromolecule 10. carbohydrate 11. lipids 12. nucleic acid 13. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 14. nucleus 15. atom 16. organic molecule 17. monomer 18. polymer 19. adhesion 20. cohesion 21. concentration gradient 22. diffusion 23. freezing point 24. impermeable 25. osmosis 26. specific heat Biology Crash Course o o o o Water - Liquid Awesome: Crash Course Biology #2 That's Why Carbon Is A Tramp: Crash Course Biology #1 Biological Molecules - You Are What You Eat: Crash Course Biology #3 Enzyme Function – University of Surrey Unit 2 - The Chemical Basis for Life – Worksheet 1. What must be present for a compound to be organic? _______________________________ 2. A polar / nonpolar bond occurs when electrons are unevenly shared. 3. What are the three important properties of water that support life on Earth? a. _______________________________________ b. _______________________________________ c. _______________________________________ 4. Why is carbon able to form large, complex molecules? _______________________________ 5. Dehydration synthesis ___________ a bond by ______________ water. Hydrolysis ____________ a bond by _____________ water to the bond. 6. Describe the relationship between monomers and polymers. 7. Carbohydrates have a ____:____:____ ratio of the elements C:H:O. Carbohydrates provide _______________ for the cell. 8. What are the two monomers of lipids? ____________________________________________ 9. Lipids make up the cell ______________________. 10. Amino acids are the monomer of ___________________. Amino acids are made up of the following three parts: a. _______________________________________ b. _______________________________________ c. _______________________________________ 11. Nucleotides are the monomer of __________________. The three parts of a nucleotide are: a. _______________________________________ b. _______________________________________ c. _______________________________________ 12. What are the two properties of enzymes that allow them to act as biological catalysts? a. _______________________________________ b. _______________________________________ 13. List some things that affect the function of an enzyme? Unit 3 Bioenergetics Describe the fundamental role of plastids (chloroplasts) and mitochondria in energy transformations. Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions. Vocabulary 1. chloroplast 2. mitochondrion 3. bioenergetics 4. cellular respiration 5. photosynthesis 6. adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 7. energy transformation 8. chlorophyll 9. biochemical conversion 10. photon 11. plastids Biology Crash Course o ATP & Respiration: Crash Course Biology #7 o Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8 Unit 3 Bioenergetics – Worksheet 1. What is an autotroph? Provide 2 examples. _______________________________________ 1. ___________________________ 2. ___________________________ 2. What is a heterotroph? Provide 2 examples. _______________________________________ 1. ___________________________ 2. ___________________________ 3. In cellular respiration, glucose is converted to ____________. 4. Where is the energy in an ATP molecule? __________________________________________ 5. The equation for cellular respiration is the _______________ of photosynthesis. 6. Describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic - ____________________ Anaerobic - ____________________ 7. List the two types of anaerobic respiration? a. ___________________________ b. ___________________________ 8. Compare the energy transformations in photosynthesis with those in cellular respiration. 9. Describe the importance of chloroplasts and mitochondria in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Unit 4 Homeostasis and Transport Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory structure and/or protective barrier for a cell Compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane (passive transport - diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion; and active transport pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis) Describe how membrane-bound cellular organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus_ facilitate the transport of materials within a cell. Explain how organisms maintain homeostasis (thermoregulation, water regulation, oxygen regulation) Vocabulary 1. impermeable 2. active transport 3. plasma membrane 4. osmosis 5. homeostasis 6. homeostatic mechanism 7. pH 8. temperature 9. passive transport 10. endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 11. Golgi apparatus 12. carrier (transport) proteins 13. endocytosis 14. exocytosis 15. facilitated diffusion 16. pumps (ion or molecule) Biology Crash Course o In Da Club - Membranes & Transport: Crash Course Biology #5 Unit 4 Homeostasis and Transport – Worksheet 1. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of _______ concentration to an area of _______ concentration. 2. T / F: Molecules no longer move across the cell membrane once equilibrium is reached. 3. In a hypotonic solution, there is a _____ solute / ______ water concentration OUTSIDE the cell. Water moves _______ the cell. 4. In a hypertonic solution, there is _____ solute / ______ water concentration OUTSIDE the cell. Water moves _______ the cell. 5. In an isotonic solution, there is an ___________ solute/water concentration outside AND inside the cell. Water moves ________ the cell. 6. Plant cells are healthiest in what type of solution? Hypotonic isotonic hypertonic 7. Animal cells are healthiest in what type of solution? Hypotonic isotonic hypertonic 8. Facilitated diffusion is requires a __________________ to move large or charged particles across the cell membrane. 9. What type of molecule is the “facilitator” in facilitated diffusion? ___________________________ 10. The type of transport that goes against the concentration gradient is ___________________________________ 11. What is required for active transport to occur? __________________ 12. An example of an active transport protein pump in humans is the ____________________ Draw and label a plant and animal cell in each type of solution. Star the healthiest. Unit 5 – Cell Growth and Reproduction Describe the events that occur during the cell cycle: interphase, nuclear division (mitosis and meiosis), cytokinesis. Compare the processes and outcomes of mitotic and meiotic nuclear divisions. Describe how the process of DNA replication results in the transmission and/or conservation of genetic information. Explain the functional relationships between DNA, genes, alleles, and chromosomes and their roles in inheritance. Vocabulary 1. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 2. gene 3. chromosomes 4. allele 5. inheritance 6. cell cycle 7. meiosis 8. mitosis 9. DNA replication 10. semiconservative replication 11. interphase 12. crossing-over 13. cytokinesis 14. gamete 15. sexual reproduction 16. asexual reproduction Biology Crash Course o Mitosis: Splitting Up is Complicated - Crash Course Biology #12 o Meiosis: Where the Sex Starts - Crash Course Biology #13 o DNA Structure and Replication: Crash Course Biology #10 Unit 5 – Cell Growth and Reproduction Learning Worksheet 1. List the three reasons a cell divides: a. _____________________________________ b. _____________________________________ c. _____________________________________ 2. The longest phase of the cell cycle is _____________________. 3. In G1, they cell __________________. 4. The DNA is copied during ___________________. 5. The last stage of interphase is _______. 6. The goal of mitosis is to get cells that are genetically ______________. The chromosome number goes 2N _ 2N a. What does the “N” mean? ____________________________ 7. Write the stage of mitosis next to what is occurring in that stage. a. Nucleus reforms, DNA loosens, last stage ____________________ b. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell ____________________ c. DNA condenses; nuclear envelope breaks down ____________________ d. Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell ____________________ 8. What is the difference between plant and animal telophase/cytokinesis? 9. What cell part do animal cells have to help them complete cytokinesis? 10. The goal of meiosis is to get cells that are genetically _____________. The chromosome number goes 2N _ 1N 11. The cells at the end of mitosis are diploid / haploid and cells at the end of meiosis are diploid / haploid. 12. What is crossing over? 13. When does crossing over occur? ____________________ 14. When chromosomes fail to separate, it is known as __________________________. ________________ syndrome and Patau syndrome are results of this. Unit 6 – Genetics Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (dominant, recessive, codominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles) Describe the processes that can alter composition or number of chromosomes (crossingover, nondisjunction, duplication, translocation, deletion, insertion, and inversion) Describe how the processes of transcription and translation are similar in all organisms. Describe the role of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus. and the nucleus in the production of specific types of proteins. Describe how genetic mutations alter the DNA sequence and may or may not affect phenotype (silent, nonsense, frame-shift) Explain how genetic engineering impacted medicine, forensics, and agriculture (selective breeding, gene splicing, cloning, genetically modified organisms, gene therapy) Vocabulary 1. agriculture 2. biotechnology 3. cloning 4. forensics 5. gene recombination 6. gene splicing 7. gene therapy 8. genetic engineering 9. genetically modified organism (GMO) 10. protein synthesis 11. transcription 12. gene 13. gene expression 14. chromosomal mutation 15. mutation 16. point mutation 17. frame-shift mutation 18. nucleus 19. ribosome 20. translation 21. Golgi apparatus 22. endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 23. genotype 24. phenotype 25. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 26. chromosomes 27. crossing-over 28. DNA replication 29. nondisjunction 30. translocation 31. allele 32. inheritance 33. nucleic acid 34. co-dominance 35. dominant inheritance 36. genetics incomplete dominance 37. multiple alleles 38. polygenic 39. recessive inheritance 40. sex-linked trait Biology Crash Course o Heredity: Crash Course Biology #9 o DNA Structure and Replication: Crash Course Biology #10 o DNA, Hot Pockets, & The Longest Word Ever: Crash Course Biology #11 Unit 6 – Genetics - Worksheet 2. Describe Mendel’s idea of dominance. 3. Describe Mendel’s law of segregation. 4. Describe Mendel’s law of independent assortment. 5. If a dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele, there is a blend of the two traits, it is called _________________________ dominance. 6. When both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype, such as in human blood type, it is called _________________________. 7. Sex-linked traits are found on the ___________ chromosomes. Males / females inherit these disorders more frequently. 8. What is genetic engineering? Choose an issue and side; develop an argument supporting your opinion. 1. Label the parts of the nucleotide on the right. 2. DNA has ___ strands and the bases ___denine, ___hymine, ___ytosine, and ___uanine. 3. RNA has ___ strand and the base ___racil instead of _______________. 4. What is the function of mRNA? tRNA? rRNA? 5. Describe the base pairing rule for DNA and RNA. 6. What is replication? 7. What occurs during transcription? Where does it occur? 8. What occurs during translation? Where does it occur? 9. What is a codon? What does it “code” for? ________________________________________ 10. What does AUG code for? ___________________ What do UGA, UAA, and UAG code for? _______________ 11. What is the biological definition of a mutation? ___________________________________ 12. Describe the types of mutations and whether or not there will be a change in phenotype. a. Substitution mutation b. Insertion point mutation c. Deletion point mutation d. Duplication chromosomal mutation e. Deletion chromosomal mutation f. Inversion chromosomal mutation g. Translocation chromosomal mutation Unit 7 – Ecology Describe the levels of ecological organization (organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere) Describe the biotic and abiotic components of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Describe how energy flows through an ecosystem (food chains, food webs, energy pyramids) Describe biotic interaction in an ecosystem (competition, predation, symbiosis) Describe how matter recycles through an ecosystem (water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, and nitrogen cycle) Describe how ecosystems change in response to natural and human disturbances (climate changes, introduction of nonnative species, pollution, fires) Describe limiting factors in population dynamics and potential species extinction. Vocabulary 1. limiting factor 2. extinction 3. agriculture 4. nonnative species 5. succession 6. biogeochemica l cycles 7. consumer (ecological) 8. decomposer 9. food chain 10. producer (ecological) 11. species 12. population dynamics 13. competition 14. endemic species 15. symbiotic relationship 16. predation 17. parasitism 18. mutualism 19. commensalism 20. predator 21. niche 22. prey 23. energy pyramid 24. food web 25. trophic level 26. biomass 27. herbivore 28. carnivore 29. omnivore 30. abiotic 31. aquatic 32. biome Biology Crash Course o o o o o Ecology - Rules for Living on Earth: Crash Course Biology #40 Ecosystem Ecology: Links in the Chain - Crash Course Ecology #7 Community Ecology: Feel the Love - Crash Course Ecology #4 Community Ecology II: Predators - Crash Course Ecology #5 Ecological Succession: Change is Good - Crash Course Ecology #6 33. biotic 34. habitat 35. terrestrial 36. system 37. biosphere 38. community (ecological) 39. ecology 40. ecosystem 41. environment 42. population Unit 7 – Ecology – Worksheet 1. Beginning with organism, write the levels of ecological organization from smallest to largest. 2. ____________________ make their own food, and ___________________ eat other organisms for food. 3. As you move up the energy pyramid, the amount of available energy increases / decreases. 4. What is the difference between a food chain and a food web? 5. What is the different between abiotic and biotic factors? 6. What abiotic factors determine plant growth in an area? 7. List some abiotic factors for an aquatic ecosystem. 8. Explain the following organism interactions: a. Competition b. Predation c. Mutualism d. Commensalism e. Parasitism 9. _________________ species are naturally found in a specific area, while ___________________ species are accidentally or purposefully introduced to a new area. 10. Describe primary and secondary succession. Provide 2 examples of each. Unit 8 – Theory of Evolution Explain how natural selection can impact allele frequencies of a population describe the factors that can contribute to the development of new species (isolating mechanisms, genetic drift, founder effect, migration) Explain how genetic mutations may result in genotypic and phenotypic variations within a population Interpret evidence supporting the theory of evolution (fossil, anatomical, physiological, embryological, biochemical, and universal genetic code) Distinguish between the scientific terms: hypothesis, inference, law, theory, principle, fact, and observation Vocabulary 1. theory (scientific) 2. inference 3. observation 4. hypothesis 5. law (scientific) 6. mechanism (scientific) 7. principle (scientific) 8. fact 9. opinion 10. analogous structure 11. embryology 12. fossils 13. homologous structure 14. selective breeding Biology Crash Course 15. vestigial structure 16. artificial selection 17. founder effect 18. genetic drift 19. gradualism 20. migration (genetics) 21. population dynamics 22. punctuated equilibrium 23. extinction 24. isolating mechanisms 25. speciation 26. evolution 27. natural selection o Natural Selection - Crash Course Biology #14 o Speciation: Of Ligers & Men - Crash Course Biology #15 o Evolution: It's a Thing - Crash Course Biology #20 Unit 8 – Theory of Evolution – Worksheet 1. The process by which new species develop from pre-existing species is known as _________. 2. TRUE / FALSE. There are always enough resources to support all organisms in an area. 3. Species that have advantageous traits __________________ and ____________________. Thus, passing on their traits to the next generation. 4. Species that do not have advantageous traits ______________ and therefore are not able to pass on their traits to the next generation. 5. Explain why the incorrect side of the diagram to the right is incorrect. 6. Which type of isolating mechanism MUST be present for a new species to develop? 7. A decrease in genetic variation caused by the formation of a new population by a small number of individuals from a larger population is known as _____________________________. 8. Describe the following pieces of evolution and why they support the theory. a. Fossils b. Homologous structures c. Analogous structures d. Embryology e. Biochemistry 9. Species that undergo gradualism change _____________ over a long period of time. 10. Species that undergo punctuated equilibrium change _____________ over short periods of time. 11. Give an example of each of the following and describe the consequences. a. Artificial selection b. Inbreeding c. Hybridization