Suffrage at Last
Angela Brown
Chapter 8 Section 2
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1st formal demand for the right to vote 1848
Seneca Falls, NY
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Susan B. Anthony
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Quaker, abolitionists, demanded the same
rights for women as African Americans
under the 14th and 15th Amendment – failed
Head of National Woman Suffrage
Association
1872 arrested for leading group of women
to polls and demanding to vote.
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Civil Disobedience – nonviolent refusal to
obey a law in an effort to change the law.
Convicted at trial-refused to pay $100 fine.
National American Woman Suffrage
Association (NAWSA) named Anthony the
President from 1892-1900.
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Suffrage at the Turn of the
Century
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Married women could now buy, sell, and will
property.
Yet, lawyer, Myra Bradwell was refused a license
to practice law in Chicago 1869.
She took the case to the Supreme Court.
Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) – the court upheld the
denial, reaffirming the “wide difference in the
respective spheres and destinies of man and
woman”.
Myra Bradwell finally got her license in 1890.
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Most Americans believed proper the sphere for
woman was home.
 Women more active lobbying and picketing.
Two basic arguments against woman voting…
1.Women are powerful enough without voting.
2. It would blur the distinction between sexes and
make women more masculine.
 Many assumed women would quickly establish
prohibition.
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http://www.gilderlehrman.org/collection/docs_archive/docs_archive_WomensSuffrage.html
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http://www.gilderlehrman.org/collection/docs_archive/docs_archive_WomensSuffrage.html
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Suffragist Strategies
1.
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Press for Constitutional Amendment
 Required 2/3 of Congress to pass
 Then ratified by ¾ of state legislatures
Get individual states to permit voting –
successful on frontier
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1868 the amendment stalled.
1878 new amendment “Anthony
Amendment” – stalled
1887 – defeated in Senate
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Senators were inattentive to the reading.
16 pro, 34 con, 26 absent
Reintroduced yearly until 1896 then it was
not heard of again until 1913.
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The Movement Strengthens in
the 1910s
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Carrie Chapman Catt, head NAWSA,
insisted on close, precinct-by-precinct
political work.
Alice Paul and Lucy Burns took over
committee for Congressional Passage of
Amendment in 1913.
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Alice Paul
Carrie Chapman Catt
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Held a parade of 5,000 women in
Washington D.C. day before Wilson’s
inauguration.
Paul transformed her committee into new
organization.
The Congressional Union (CU)
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A Split in the Movement
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Paul’s CU called for aggressive, militant
campaign for the constitutional
amendment.
She planned to bypass suffrage
organizations in states and set up new ones.
1914 NAWSA expelled her.
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CU staged militant protests: demonstrated,
burned copies of Wilson’s speeches and life sized
dummy of Wilson.
CU women sent to prison for demonstrations.
They then went on hunger strikes to protest
prison conditions.
NAWSA condemned the CU, not their treatment.
Lucy Burns
http://www.hyphenmagazine.com/blog/archives/17111%20
(Suffragist%20Lucy%20Burns%20in%20Jail).jpg
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1915 NAWSA’s state suffrage campaign failed in
4 eastern states.
Catt was brought back and instituted her
“Winning Plan”.
Step 1: Develop large group of full-time leaders
to work in “red hot” campaigns for six years.
Step 2: While another group focused on getting
Congress to propose the federal Amendment.
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1917 NAWSA had 2 million members
equaling the largest volunteer organization.
NY state finally voted for women’s
suffrage.
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Impact of WWI
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The U.S. entered WWI in 1917.
Women volunteered for ambulance corps,
medical work, and jobs left by men.
Congress passed the 18th Amendment…
prohibition.
This took liquor interests out of the fight.
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The Final Victory for Suffrage
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1918 Congress formally proposed the suffrage
amendment.
They were embarrassed and disturbed by the
treatment of Paul’s CU women in jail.
The ratification battle began.
On August 24th, 1920, TN became the necessary
36th state to ratify the suffrage amendment.
The 19th Amendment was the last major reform of
Progressive Era.
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