Thought Patterns: Time Order and The
Space Order Patterns of Organization.

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Discussion Board Posts
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Seminar
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Read pp. 242-243, 246-249, 252-255, 259-263
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Complete Reading Lab Activities

Time Order Pattern of Organization
Two kinds of paragraphs rely heavily on the time order pattern.
1. Sequence of dates and events.
2. Explaining a process.

Some Transitions Commonly Used to Organize Dates and Events
After that
Before
Between ______ and ________
During that time or period
Finally
From _________ to ________
In the years since
When
While
Until

When you take notes on paragraphs devoted to dates and events, include the following information:
1. the main idea
2. the dates and events used to develop the main idea
3. any other supporting details that lack dates but still seem essential to developing the main idea

1860 Lincoln elected president
Secession begins
__________________________
1861 Fort Sumter attacked
Battle of Bull Run
__________________________
1862 Battle of Shiloh
Battle of Antietam

It took some time before American colonists learned how to grow their own tea. The first tea shrub was planted sometime between 1810 and
1820. In 1848, more extensive experiments were carried out, but further work was cut short by the civil war. It was not until 1880 that tea production was resumed. In 1890, Charles
Shepard of Summerville, South Carolina began growing tea, and by 1900, had harvested 5,000 pounds of tea.

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Look at all the dates in a chronological order.
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Transitional words were used: first, then, next, and, but further, in, etc…
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Understanding clues for patterns of organization makes note-taking and understanding twice as effective.

As early as 1534, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V suggested that building a waterway across the narrowest part of Central America would allow ships to travel more easily to Peru and Ecuador. Construction was not actually attempted until 1880 by France, and in
1893, the project was abandoned as too difficult. In
1903, the U.S.A. gained control of the unfinished
Panama Canal, and in 1904, construction resumed. On
August 15, 1914, the canal formally opened. In 1977, control of the Panama Canal was given to Panama.

After
At this point
Before
During
First, second, third
Following
Next
Then

Taking Notes: Recording the Steps
When taking notes on a process pattern, you want to include the following:
1. the main idea
2. the specific steps in the process
3. the order in which they are presented
4. any specialized vocabulary used to describe the steps or stages

A volcanic eruption begins when lava becomes charged with steam and gas. The lava then shoots upward and falls back to earth in fragments of stone. In the next stage, the lava in the volcano’s center builds up and flows over the rim. At this point, the volcano’s eruption is at it’s crisis point. After a final massive explosion of lava, the volcano begins to cool. During the cooling stage, it emits gases and vapors. Eventually, the last traces of heat disappears, and cold springs may appear around the volcano.

Graphic Organizer for Example One
Lava charged with gas and steam
Lava shoots upward with stone fragments
Volcanic Eruptions
Lava flows
Over rim
Final massive flow
Of lava
Cooling stage –
Heat disappears
Cold springs
May appear

The eggs of the king salmon hatch in freshwater streams; within a year after hatching, however, the young salmon head out to sea. During their journey, many are killed. Only a small portion of the salmon actually reaches the sea. Those that do, stay for 4 to 6 years, then they return to the river in which they were hatched. When they reach that river, they lay thousands of eggs. Once the eggs are laid, life is over for the salmon. Slowly, they float downstream with their tails forward, and within days, they are dead.

Process Diagram for Example Two
Eggs Hatch
Salmon
Swim to
Sea
Salmon
Swim to
River
Eggs
Laid
Salmon Dies

Questions for Evaluating Inferences
1. Is the implied main idea solidly based on statements in the paragraph?
2. Are you relying more on the author’s words than on your own personal point of view?
3. Are you sure than none of the author’s statements contradict with the main idea that you inferred?
4. Do the sentences in the paragraph connect to your implied main idea?

Implied Main Ideas: Example One
In the past, many people became flight attendants because it was a glamorous, fun lifestyle. Now, however, flight attendants are dealing with rude, disgruntled passengers who are frustrated by delays and crowded flights. These surly travelers often leave their manners at the airport and bombard flight attendants with complaints. Also, flight attendants must worry about the possibility of terrorism, scrutinizing passengers’ behavior and baggage. Also, they must now worry constantly about layoffs, wage cuts, and working longer hours as a result of understaffed crews.

Possible Answers for Example One
1. The job of flight attendant has lost much of its glamour.
2. The terrorists attacks have significantly affected the airline industry.
3. Flight attendants have the most stressful job in
America.

Implied Main Ideas: Example Two
Many school officials favor installing internetwired video cameras in schools. They would then be able to see exactly what happened when a crime occurred. The camera could be used to monitor instructor performance and interactions between students and teachers. Teachers like the idea because they could show parents how their children behave. Also, parents are in favor of cameras so that they can observe the teacher.

Possible Answers for Example Two
1. Video camera are an excellent tool for improving security in our nation’s schools.
2. Internet-wired video cameras in schools make parents more aware of what goes on in the classroom.
3. Administrators, teachers, and students all have different reasons for wanting to use video cameras in the schools.

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Space Order means to describe where something is by location.
It uses one or more descriptive details to tell you where the object is located.
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Key Transitions to help
Identify Spatial Order
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Above, below
Across, between
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Under, over, through
Behind, back, right
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Left, on top, within
Underneath, there, here
Back, at the top, etc…

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I could start by putting all the lawn and garden stuff on the left wall and all the house maintenance stuff on the right wall. Then I could arrange the two sides—maybe all the big stuff (rakes, mower, ladder, tiller, power saw) closer to the garage door, and smaller stuff nearer to the far wall. Or I could arrange everything in alphabetical order, hanging or standing the stuff clockwise from the left wall, around the back, and then back along the right wall. Or I could put supplies on one wall, power tools on another, and manual hand tools on the third. Or I could have a section for gardening, a section for lawn care, a section for exterior house maintenance, and another for interior house maintenance.

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It is giving a location for objects throughout the entire paragraph.
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Uses details to help you visualize just the way the objects are sitting.
= helps with visualization techniques
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Uses transitions that signify location.
Examples: left, closer, arrange, right, big stuff, small stuff, etc…

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(1.) Follow the five simple steps to develop and deepen your friendships.
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(2.) Procrastination recurs in a cycle of self destruction.
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(3.) Grief moves through several stages.

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Sentence 1 uses the word “steps” to introduce directions for the reader to follow.
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Sentence 2 signals that procrastination occurs as part of a pattern of self-destruction with the word “cycle.”
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Sentence 3 uses the process signal word “stages” to convey the time order of grief.

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Any questions, comments, concerns???