Chapter 19 EU: In the early 19th century, Americans sought to resolve
their political disputes through compromise, yet by 1860 this no longer
seemed possible. Analyze the reasons for this change. (2005 B DBQ)
Problems of Sectional Balance
in 1850
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California statehood.
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Southern “fire-eaters” threatening
secession.
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Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:
§ Personal liberty laws
§ Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842) state
runaway slave laws were unconstitutional,
federal law supersedes all state laws.
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
(1811 –
1896)
So this is the lady who
started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
1852
§ Sold 300,000 copies
in
the first year.
§ 2 million in a decade!
§ Response to F.S.L.
§ Increased abolitionist
support
§ Europe now proabolition
The Impending Crisis of the
South
• 1854 Hinton Helper – non-slave owning
whites were most hurt by slavery.
The “Know-Nothings” [The
American Party]
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Nativists.
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Anti-Catholics.
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Anti-immigrants
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Anti-Republican.
1849 - Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner
created in NYC.
1852 Presidential Election
Franklin Pierce (NH)
Expansionist
Japan – trade
Gadsden Purchase
Cuba, Nicaragua.
Ostend Manifesto created
fear in North re: “slave
power”
Winfield Scott
(Whig)
Southern
Whigs refused
support b/c
party was antislavery.
Kansas-Nebraska Act,
1854
“Bleeding Kansas” 1855
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
Applied for statehood 1857 as Free
State
Fraudulent
elections lead to
2 governments
S – Shawnee
Mission
N – Topeka
(Pierce rec. S)
Lecompton Constitution - 1857
Vote on constitution for Kansas with slavery or without – did
not vote on the constitution itself.
Clause within constitution that protected slavery, so no
matter the vote Kansas would have slavery. Free-Soilers
boycotted. Slavery won…. Shocking!
Supported by President Buchanan
Opposed by Sen. Douglas
People went back to vote on whole constitution – Free
Soilers won, Democrats split (Northern pro-south V.
Northern Free Soilers)
“The Crime Against
Kansas” 1856
North hailed Sumner as hero & victim
South hailed Brooks as hero & defender
of South!
*Reflected social tension
Sen. Charles Sumner
(R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks
(D-SC)
John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Mural in the Kansas Capitol building
by John Steuart Curry (20c)
1856 killed 5 slavery advocates – Effects: 1. Bad reputation for Free-Soilers, Southerners
fight back.
Birth of the Republican Party,
1854
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Northern Whigs.
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Northern Democrats.
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Free-Soilers.
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Know-Nothings.
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Other miscellaneous opponents
of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
1856 Presidential Election
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont
Democrat
Republican
Popular Sovereignty
Millard Fillmore
Know-Nothings
Anti-Slavery
South threatens secession if Fremont wins => financial markets
backing Buchanan (don’t want to lose money)
1856
Election
Results
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
March 1857 – Supreme Court only
has 2 northern judges.
Scott was “property” not citizen,
therefore he could not sue.
Property is protected under the 5th
Amendment therefore he can be
taken anywhere as a slave.
Missouri Compromise was
unconstitutional. (MO out due to
Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854)
What caused the
Panic of 1857??
•CA gold rush – inflation
•Land & RR speculation
•Increased demand for grains abroad – overproduction
•Tariff of 1857
•Effects:
•Demand for free land out west
•5000 businesses fail in one month
•North hit hard
•South is fine
•Against Homestead Act (free land)
•Industrialists – feared labor drain
•Southerners – 160 acres is too small – only Northerners would
benefit
•Buchanan vetoes Homestead Act => 1860 campaign issues:
protection and land!
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois
Senate)
Debates, 1858
A House divided
against itself,
cannot stand.
Stephen Douglas
& the
Freeport Doctrine
Supreme Court protects
slavery, but people vote it
down; who is right?
People are right, Douglas
defies Supreme Court
Lincoln – moral victory
John Brown’s Raid
on Harper’s Ferry, 1859
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
John Bell
Constitutional Union
Free-Soilers – non-extension
Manufacturers – pro-tariff
Immigrant rights
NW RR
Internal Improvements
Free farms
No stand on slavery
Stephen A.
Douglas
N Democrat
Popular
Sovereignty!
1860
Presidential
Election
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
Pro-slavery in new territories
Annexation of Cuba
1860 Election: A Nation Coming
Apart?!
1860
Election
Results
Lincoln is minority
President
S.C. used this as
excuse to secede , 4
days after election
called special
session.
Crittenden Compromise:
A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity
No slavery north of 36 30’ line, but
protected in the South.
Lincoln said no, it would go against
his campaign promise and could
lead to the South being more
aggressive in Latin America
Senator John J.
Crittenden
(Know-Nothing-KY)
Secession!: SC -Dec. 20, 1860
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
From 1800-1860 pick the most important 10-12 events that
led to the Civil War. These are YOUR OPINION!
Once you pick your items place them in chronological order
and look for cause and effect
Lastly, create a countdown from 10-1 of YOUR MOST
IMPORTANT EVENTS. Please given a BRIEF explanation
for each. Think David Letterman’s Top 10 List!