Cell Theory &
Cell Organelles
Sections 3.1 & 3.2
3.1 Cell Theory
 Key

Concept:
Cells are the basic unit of life.
The cell theory grew out of the work
of many scientists and
improvements in the microscope.


Many scientists contributed to the cell theory.
More was learned about cells as microscopes
improved
Early studies led to the
development of the cell theory.
 The




Cell Theory:
All organisms are made of cells.
All cells come from other cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure &
function in living things.
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wackyhistory-of-cell-theory
All cells share certain characteristics.
 Cells
tend to be microscopic.
 All cells are enclosed by a membrane.
 All cells are filled with cytoplasm.
 All cells have ribosomes.
 All cells have genetic material (DNA –
hereditary information)
There are two cell types:
eukaryotic cells & prokaryotic cells
 Eukaryotic


cells
Have a nucleus
Have membranebound organelles
 Prokaryotic


cells
Do not have a nucleus
(still have DNA)
Do not have
membrane-bound
organelles
STOP & REVIEW

The Cell theory has three parts. Fill in the missing word in each part.
















All organisms are made of _______.
Cells
All cells come from other _______.
Cells
The cell is the basic unit of ________ & _________ in living things.
Structure & Function
Name 4 parts of the cell that are common between all cells.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, and Genetic Material
What are the 2 MAJOR differences between prokaryotic (bacteria) and
eukaryotic cells?
1.
2.
1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, 2. Prokaryotic Cells do not
have organelles surrounded by a membrane. Eukaryotic Cells have both
of these things.
3.2 Cell Organelles
 Key

Concept:
Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.
Review from 3.1
 All




cells have:
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Genetic material
Cell Membrane
(aka Plasma Membrane)
 Function:
the cell
 Made of:





Controls what enters and leaves
Phospholipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Cholesterol
Steroids
IN ALL
CELLS
1
1
1
Cytoplasm
 Function:
holds organelles in place;
location of various reactions in the cell

Organelles: parts of the cell with specific
jobs/functions
2
2
2
IN ALL
CELLS
Ribosomes
 Function:
acids)

protein synthesis (link amino
Found in cytoplasm or on the Rough ER
(Rough ER= eukaryotes only)
IN ALL
CELLS
Cell Wall
 Function:
protection and support for
plant, fungal, and bacterial cells
5
5
NOT
IN ANIMAL CELLS
Nucleus
 Function:
(“brain”)

Control center of the cell
Has its own membrane
 Nuclear

envelope
Stores
4 DNA (chromosomes)
3
4
3
Nucleolus
 Function:

Makes rRNA (a nucleic acid)
Found inside the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
 “Roadway” of the cell – a maze of enclosed
spaces
Rough ER



Helps make,
package, and
transport
proteins
(headed to the
Golgi)
Ribosomes on
surface make it
look rough
Proteins made
include
membrane &
secretory
proteins
Smooth ER
 Helps break
down toxins,
poisons, and
waste
 Helps process
carbs &
produce lipids
Golgi Body/Apparatus
 Function:
Process, sort, and packages
products (proteins from the rough ER) for
the cell to export

UPS for the cell
Transport of materials
 Vesicle:
Small membrane-bound sacs
that divide some materials from the rest of
the cytoplasm and transport these
materials within the cell.
 Proteins (such as secretory & membrane
proteins) made by ribosomes on the
rough ER are packaged in vesicles and
sent to the cell membrane or Golgi
Apparatus.
 The Golgi Body processes & sorts the
proteins, then packages them into
vesicles for storage, transport, or secretion
from the cell membrane.
STOP & REVIEW














This cell part controls what enters and leaves a cell. ______ __________
Cell Membrane
This is the watery part of the cell, found throughout the cell and where most
chemical reactions take place? ______
Cytoplasm
This is the part of the cell where proteins are made. _______
Ribosomes
This is the brain of the cell which controls all cell functions. ______
Nucleus
This is found in the nucleus and is where RNA is made. ________
Nucleolus
This is the roadway of the cell, there are 2 kinds.
Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
This is where proteins are packaged before being shipped to the ER.
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
 Function:
Contain enzymes to digest
materials for the cell

Not found in plant cells
Mitochondria
 Function:
Where usable energy is made
for the cell
 Have a double membrane

Inner membrane (cristae) is folded – this
increases surface area to allow more
energy to be made at a time

Other structures in the body are like this as well
(small intestine, lungs, ER)
Plastids
 Pigment-containing organelles found in plant &
algae cells.
Chloroplast
 Site of
photosynthesis
(makes food)
6
Chromoplast
 Make and store
pigments in fruits,
roots, etc. (red
color in tomatoes)
Vacuole

Function: Stores water and food molecules


Plant cells: large and singular
Animal cells: small and numerous
Cytoskeleton
 Function:
helps cell maintain shape; helps
cell move; helps move organelles around
inside the cell (like railroad tracks)
Centrioles
 Function:

helps with cell division
Only in animal cells
PART OF
CYTOSKELETON
Cilia & Flagella
 Function:
Help with cell movement
PART OF
CYTOSKELETON
Review
Eukaryotes





Have nucleus (DNA)
Have membrane-bound
organelles (increase the
efficiency of functions
by confining them within
smaller spaces within the
huge cell, or with
communication and
movement within the
cell.)
Larger size because of
organelles
More complex
Unicellular or
multicellular
Prokaryotes
 No
nucleus (still have DNA)
 No membrane-bound
organelles
 Smaller size because of
lack of organelles
 Less complex
 Unicellular
STOP & REVIEW












Contain enzymes to digest and breakdown cell material. (trashcan).
_______
Lysosomes
This is the powerhouse of the cell where the energy (ATP) is made.
__________
Mitochondria
This organelle is pigmented and absorbs light energy to make and store
food. ______
Plastid (chloroplast)
This is like a pool, where water is stored. ______
Vacuole
helps cell maintain shape; helps cell move; helps move organelles
around inside the cell (like railroad tracks) _____________
Cytoskeleton
helps with cell division. Only in animal cells _____
Centrioles
Help
with cell movement ______ and ________
Cilia and Flagella
protection for plant, fungal, and bacterial cells ______
Cell Wall
 Cell
rap:
http://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=zafJKbMPA8