Psychobiology
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What
in the
world
is
this?
The study of how behavior is
influenced by our biological
makeup.
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MindBody
•Monism
•Dualism
•Emergent
dualism
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• Central
• Peripheral
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Picture
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Picture
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•
•
Brai
n
Cerebral Cortex
– Functions:
• Thought
• Voluntary movement
• Language
• Reasoning
• Perception
Cerebellum
– Fxn
• Movement
• Balance
• Posture
Brain Stem
– Fxns
• Breathing
• Heart Rate
• Blood Pressure
Hypothalamus
– fxns
• Body Temperature
• Emotions
• Hunger
• Thirst
• Circadian
Rhythms
McNeely Intro
to Psychology
• Thalamus
– Functions:
• Sensory
processing
• Movement
• Limbic system
•
– Fxns
• Emotions
• LT memory
• Hippocampus
•
– fxns
• learning
• Memory
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• Picture for structure
Neur
ons
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Birth
&
Deve
lopm
ent
of
the
Brai
n
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http://www.brainmuseum.org/d
evelopment/index.html
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Neur
al
Migr
ation
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Neur
al
Com
muni
catio
n
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Actio
n
Pote
ntial
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Neur
otran
smitt
ers
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Perip
heral
Nerv
ous
Syst
em
Autonomic
Somatic
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Picture of Symp/Parasymp
Auto
nomi
c
Nerv
ous
Syst
em
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ANS/
PNS
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Som
atic
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Neurotransmi
tter
Effects
Too Much
Too
Drugs
Acetylcholine
Learning, memory, muscles
Trembling
Alzheim
ers
Caffeine
Serotonin
Sleep, mood, pain, aggression
Migraines
Depressi
on
Cocaine
Dopamine
Pleasure, reward, attention,
arousal
Schizophren
ia
Parkinso
ns
Cocaine,
caffeine,
nicotine,
MDMA
GABA
General inhibition of neurons
Drowsy
Anxious
Alcohol
Glutimate
General excitation of neurons
Tingly
numbin
g
Drowsy
Caffeine
Litt
le
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•
Acetylcholine – involved in voluntary movement, learning,
memory, and sleep
§ Too much acetylcholine is associated with depression, and too
little in the hippocampus has been associated with dementia.
Dopamine – correlated with movement, attention, and learning
§ Too much dopamine has been associated with schizophrenia,
and too little is associated with some forms of depression as well
as the muscular rigidity and tremors found in Parkinson’s disease.
Norepinephrine – associated with eating, alertness
§ Too little norepinephrine has been associated with depression,
while an excess has been associated with schizophrenia.
Epinephrine – involved in energy, and glucose metabolism
§ Too little epinephrine has been associated with depression.
Serotonin – plays a role in mood, sleep, appetite, and impulsive
and aggressive behavior
§ Too little serotonin is associated with depression and some
anxiety disorders, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Some antidepressant medications increase the availability of
serotonin at the receptor sites.
GABA (Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid) – inhibits excitation and
anxiety
§ Too little GABA is associated with anxiety and anxiety disorders.
Some antianxiety medication increases GABA at the receptor
sites.
Endorphins – involved in pain relief and feelings of pleasure and
contentedness
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• ACTING IN THE ENVIRONMENT. MOTOR
SYSTEMS AND DISORDERS.
• Mapping the Motor Cortex
• Wilder Penfield, a Canadian surgeon, took the next
exploratory voyage of the brain's organization
starting in the 1950s. While operating on epileptic
patients, Penfield applied electric currents to the
brain's surface in order to find problem areas. Since
the patients were awake during the operations, they
could tell Penfield what they were experiencing.
Probing some areas would trigger whole memory
sequences. For one patient, Penfield triggered a
familiar song that sounded so clear, the patient
thought it was being played in the operating room.
During these operations, Penfield watched for any
movement of the patients' bodies. From this
information, he was able to map out the motor
cortex, the part of the brain you mapped out in this
feature's activity.
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Sensory
Neuron
Brain
Spinal
Cord
Motor
Neuron
pi
cture
s
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