Period 5
Part A: A House Dividing
1844 - 1861
Bell
Ringer
Answer the following in your bell ringer:
• List 5 things/objects you see in the image above.
• What are the people in the image doing?
Manifest Destiny
• Read “On Manifest Destiny” by John L. O’Sullivan
• Annotate the reading:
• Circle unknown or unfamiliar words.
• Highlight key words or phrases that provide important
information or main ideas.
• Draw a question mark next to information that is confusing.
• Add notes, numbers, arrows, stars, etc. near things to add
emphasis.
• Complete the Document Analysis questions
• This is an INDIVIDUAL activity, not a group assignment
Manifest Destiny
• Many felt that the United States was given divine direction to
extend westward.
• i.e. God wanted Americans to move West
• Leads to the expansion of the American civilization from East
to West
• Increased US power and belief in American superiority
Oregon Trail
• After the Louisiana Purchase, many Americans headed
west to settle along the Oregon Trail.
• American settlement led to America claiming the Oregon
Territory
• U.S. was in a dispute with the British over this area.
Texas Revolution
• Many Americans lived in Mexico (which is now Texas)
• Overtime, pressure to join the USA increased
• Texas was not allowed to enter the U.S. in 1836.
• President John Tyler pushed for annexation of Texas
• Mexico threatened war if the state of Texas was ever created
Mexican-American War
• With the annexation of Texas, the USA faced war with Mexico.
• Quick war for the USA (2 years)
• Proves to be a training ground for the officers who will fight in
the Civil War.
• Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
• results in the Mexican Cession (California, Arizona, New Mexico,
parts of Utah, Colorado and Nevada).
• Americans pays Mexico a lot for the land
Impacts of Westward
Expansion
• Environmental transformation:
• By the 1870s-major decline in buffalo
• Removing grass to plant crops led to erosion of
soil
• New economic activities:
• Building of railroads
• Growth of cities around railroads
• Mining of metals, rock, etc.
• Increased settlement, especially on former
Native land
• Mass removal of Natives
• http://invasionofamerica.ehistory.org/
Bell Ringer
• Explain the change
between these two
maps.
Impacts of Westward Expansion
• Religious Movement
• Mormon Migration
• Many Mormons left Illinois and Indiana to
escape persecution after their founder Joseph
Smith was killed.
• Settled in Utah near Great Salt Lake where they
felt no one would bother them.
• Led by Brigham Young.
• Economic
• California Gold Rush
• Gold is discovered near San Francisco.
• California grows so fast it becomes a state in two
years.
• Homestead Act
• Passed by Congress during Civil War
• Encourages settlers to frontier
• Offered free and cheap land to those willing to
cultivate the land
Increased Immigration
• While many Americans moved westward, many international
immigrants moved to America before the civil war
• “Old Immigration”
• Mostly from Germany and Ireland
• Often stayed together in communities
• Kept their language, customs, etc.
Impact of Immigration
• Nativism
• dislike/hatred of foreigners, sought to stop immigration
• “Know-Nothing” Party
• Nativist political party
• anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic
• Resentment towards Irish and German immigrants
Cartoon/Image Analysis
• 3 images/cartoons around the room
• Look at the pictures and answer the questions
about each
• Use the textbook to answer questions that
require it
Conflict with Natives
• US expansion led to conflict with Natives and Hispanics
• i.e. the people that already lived on the land
• Sand Creek Massacre:
• One of several American Indian uprisings opposed to settlement.
• Colorado militia attacked Cheyenne Indians killing over 100
• Battle of Little Big Horn (Custer’s Last Stand):
• Only definite victory for the Indians
• Sioux Nation attack and kill the army of General George Custer
• http://www.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse?cuecard=601
Sectionalism Intensifies
The following differences led to an increase in sectionalism
between the North and South:
• debates on slavery
• North=Anti
• South=Pro
• economic changes
• North=Manufacturing
• Rely on free labor
• South=Agricultural
• Rely on slaves
• territorial expansion
• Debates over slavery in new
areas
• cultural differences
• Stem back to colonial era
Abolitionism (Anti-Slavery)
• Minority of the population in the North
• Even less in the south
• Many used violent tactics that made the south even more
defensive
• Nat Turner
• Others used non-violent tactics
• William Lloyd Garrison
•
called for the immediate end to slavery
• Underground Railroad
Pro-Slavery
• John C. Calhoun
• Believed slavery was a positive attribute to
the USA
• Arguments used to defend the legalization of
slavery
• States’ Rights
• States decide what laws are best for their citizens
• Nullification
• Belief that states could nullify (or void) federal laws
they deemed unnecessary or detrimental
• Racist Stereotypes
• Many whites believed science made AfricanAmericans different and lesser
• Theatre actors portrayed African-Americans using
black face and portrayed stereotypes
Finish “Division”
Get out your answers from the video. I will pass out those that
were turned in.
Answer the questions about the video:
(write on your own sheet of paper)
Attempt to resolve the slavery issue
• Most failed to reduce tension between the North and South
• Compromise of 1850:
1. California was added as a free state
• Tips the balance in favor of free states
2. Slave Trade was abolished in Washington DC
• Slavery remained, just not buying/selling
3. Popular Sovereignty in land gained from Mexico
• Those living in territories could decide status of
slavery
4. More strict Fugitive Slave Act
• infuriates Northerners
• Requires Northerners to aid in catching and return
of slaves
Attempt to resolve the slavery issue
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854):
 Allowed for popular sovereignty in the Kansas and
Nebraska Territories
 The expectation was that Kansas would be slave,
Nebraska would be free
 Overturned the Missouri Compromise
 Many in the North were upset
• Resulted in bloodshed
• “Bleeding Kansas”
• Proved that Americans were willing to go to war
over issue.
 Helped lead to the creation of the Republican Party
Party System Becomes Regional
• Republicans
• in the North and the West
• Democrats
• almost solidly in the South
5b. Civil War &
Reconstruction
1861-1877
Lincoln Emerges
• Abraham Lincoln receives recognition in his 1856 attempt
to take the Illinois Senate seat from Stephen Douglas.
• Loses the election but his anti-slavery stand garners
attention.
• South is committed to the belief that their existence is
doomed if Lincoln is elected.
• When Lincoln wins the Election of 1860, seven states leave
the union.
• (South Carolina, Texas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi,
Alabama, Louisiana)
• First shots are fired at Fort Sumter and four more states
secede. (Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee)
• The Civil War has begun.
North and South
South: Confederate
States of America
North: Union/United
States of America
• Had to work on forming a
new government
• Little to no industrial sector
• Less population
• Well trained military leaders
but untrained troops
• No navy
• Little financial structure
• States rights
• Established government
• Strong industry to support
war
• Large population
• Military leaders weaker but
troops were trained.
• Established navy
• Had most of the nation’s
financial institutions
• Nationalists
Fighting the War
• Both the North and the South dedicated their economies
and societies to fighting the war
• Both used conscription
• The draft=Men were required by law to enlist in the
military
• Both sides had much opposition to the war
• North
• Draft Riots
• People argued “rich man’s war, poor man’s fight”
• What does this mean?
• South
• Many farmers refused to leave their farms and fight
• Many plantation owners refused to let their slaves fight
Bell Ringer
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•
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•
No bell ringer today.
Compile all of your bell ringers from January and February
Staple them together
Turn them in
• If you need an alternate assignment, take one. Due Tuesday!
• If you were gone last class period your Emancipation Proclamation
Assignment is due Tuesday!
War of Technology
• First conflict after the Industrial Revolution
• Union uses new technology:
• Railroads
• Telegraph
• Confederacy has more advanced weapons
• In part because of the new technology, the death toll in the
Civil War is almost equal to the total deaths in all other US
wars
Propaganda
• Both sides were supported by vast propaganda efforts.
• Things produced by the government to garner support for the war
• Music
• Literature
• Newspapers covered the events with reporters in the field
War Strategies
• Northern Plan
• Anaconda Plan:
• Surround the Confederacy and cut them off
from supplies
• “suffocate” the Confederacy
• Battle of Vicksburg succeeds in cutting off
Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana
• March to the Sea cut off Georgia, Florida,
the Carolinas
• Southern Plan
• Gain support from the British Government
• Britain depended on the south for cotton
• Thought the British would support the
fracturing of the USA
• (Britain did NOT back the South)
Important Battles
• Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
• In Virginia, near Washington D.C.
• Both sides planned on this being the only
battle of the war
• Spectators lined the sides of the hills
• Resulted in a blood bath and Southern
victory
• Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg)
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First time the Confederate invaded the North
Bloodiest battle of the war
Tie (no true winner)
South retreated, which boosted Northern
morale
• Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation
• Great Britain decides not to get involved in the
conflict.
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln’s main reason for fighting the Civil War was to
preserve the Union, not to end slavery
• Overtime, he decided slavery was just as important.
• Legally abolished slavery in all states that had seceded from
the Union
• To keep slavery, the rebellious states would have to return to the
Union
• Slavery still existed in the states that stayed in the Union
• Did not immediately free slaves
• Led to many African Americans joining the Union Army
Enlisting Black Troops
• By the end of the war, more than 180,000 black men had
served in the Union army and 24,000 in the navy.
• Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts Volunteers
• Most famous & black army troops
• commanded by Robert Gould Shaw.
• Most black soldiers were emancipated slaves who joined the
army in the south.
• Treatment of white and black soldiers was not equal
“Glory”
• Glory tells the story of Colonel Robert
Gould Shaw and the Massachusetts
54th Volunteer Regiment, the first
regular U.S. army unit composed of
black soldiers during the Civil War.
• Colonel Shaw, a white abolitionist, and
hundreds of black volunteers in his
regiment, gave their lives to prove that
black men could fight as well as whites
in the armies of the mid-19th century.
• You have 6 questions that go along
with the movie.
• Some you can answer during the
movie but I will also give you time
after we finish to answer them.
• Answer in complete sentences.
No Bell Ringer
• Check your grades posted on the board
• Progress Report Grades go in tomorrow
• Get out your Period 5 notes
• Today we are taking notes and watching Glory
Attempt to Reunify
• While the war continued, Lincoln
maintained his main goal of
reunifying the country
• Lincoln increases his use of the
word “nation” as opposed to
“Union” and “Confederate”
• Gettysburg Address by President
Lincoln
• “Fourscore and seven years ago…”
• After Union victory at the cemetery
of the Gettysburg battlefield (a
eulogy)
• Referenced a “new birth of
freedom”
• Sought to ensure the values of
liberty and equality
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCXUbQ4JjXI
Liberty in Wartime
• Lincoln has often been criticized for his attacks on personal
freedoms during the war
• Suspends habeas corpus in border states
• Habeas Corpus
• Those arrested have the right to be taken in front of a court/judge
• Keeps people from arbitrarily being arrested
• Leads to ~15,000 imprisoned without a trial
• Declares martial law in a number of territories
• Imposition of military rule/control
• His actions will be repeated often in future conflicts supporting
the position that civil liberties are fragile in the face of wartime
demands for national unity.
The North
• New financial systems
• developed to raise money to finance the war
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Industry flourishes
Government grows in power and size
Employment opportunities open up for women during the war
Growing division in the North
• Many Southerners moved to the Midwest and did not agree with
the North
• Copperheads
• Northerners who sympathized with the South
• Violent riots erupted in the larger cities
The South
• President Jefferson Davis
• Didn’t have the Presidential
qualities Lincoln had
• Found it difficult to run the
Confederacy
• “King Cotton” diplomacy
proved ineffective
• other nations found other
sources of cotton
• Increasing division over the
draft
• Profound economic problems
• Borrowed heavily
• Did not tax their citizens
Victory for the Union
• January 31, 1865
• Congress approved the Thirteenth Amendment
• abolished slavery
• April 2, 1865
• Richmond, Virginia (Confederate capitol) falls to Union
• April 9, 1865
• Confederate Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S.
Grant
• Appomattox courthouse, Virginia.
• April 11, 1865
• Lincoln calls for limited black suffrage
• April 14, 1865
• Lincoln is assassinated at Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C.
• John Wilkes Booth
• Tried to assassinate Grant and others
Homework
• Read “Chapter 15: Reconstruction 1865-1877”
• Take notes as you read
• Highlight and annotate if you want but your hand written notes
on another sheet of paper will be turned in for a grade
• Take bullet points of IMPORTANT information
• Don’t write full sentences/paragraphs
• Use the book headings as headings in your notes
• Bold words are important but you also need to know the
information around the bold words
• i.e. you actually need to read the whole thing
• Any of this information could be on your Period 5 test next
week
• Due:
• TUESDAY 2/16 (ADay)
• WEDNESDAY 2/17 (BDay)
“Glory”
Politics of Wartime
Reconstruction
• Future political status of African-Americans emerged as a key
dividing line in public debates.
• In 1863, Lincoln announces his 10% Plan of Reconstruction for
the defeated state of Louisiana.
• Amnesty and full restoration of rights, including property
(except for slaves) to white southerners who took an oath
affirming loyalty to the Union and support for emancipation.
• When 10% of the voters took the oath, the state could
organize a new government and reenter the U.S. (no role
offered for freedmen.
• Congress did not like the plan and offered an alternative
(Wade-Davis Bill is vetoed by Lincoln.
Impact of the War
• Global respect for a united nation.
• Laid the foundation for modern America.
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Union’s permanence
Destroying slavery
Shifting power in the nation from the South to the North.
Increased the power of the federal government
Sped up the modernization of the northern economy.
Led to post war agenda of defining and protecting AfricanAmerican freedom