The Civil War
Chapter 14
A Divided Nation
North

Slavery
South

– Many abolitionists wanted
to end slavery

Tariff
– Important part of their
economy

– Supported a higher tariff



States’ Rights
– Believed states should have
the right to decide on the
issue of slavery themselves
Secession
– Believed states could not
legally leave the Union
Tariff
– Supported foreign trade and
opposed the tariff
States’ Rights
– Believed federal laws
applied to all states
Slavery

Secession
– Believed states had the right
to vote to leave Union
The Democratic Party


States’ Rights to
decide about slavery
States’ Rights to
leave the Union if
citizens vote
(secede)
– Most supporters
were Southerners
The Republican Party


Stop the western
spread of slavery
Economic changes
like a higher tariff
– Most supporters
were Northerners
Presidential Election of 1860

Democratic Party (split over
slavery)
1. Stephen A Douglas was selected
by the Northern Democrats
2. John C Breckinridge was
selected by the Southern
Democrats

Constitutional Union Party
–
Only goal was to keep the Union
together
3. John Bell

Republican Party
4. Abraham Lincoln won the
election and became the 16th
president of the United States
Reaction to Lincoln’s Election

Southern States had
threatened to secede if a
Republican won the election of
1860
– After the election South Carolina
seceded from the Union
– Five other states followed
(Georgia, Florida, Alabama,
Mississippi, and Louisiana)
– They formed their own country
The Confederate States of
American or Confederacy
Reaction to Lincoln’s Election
in Texas


Texans called a convention a
voted 166 to 8 secede
Governor Sam Houston wanted
to keep Texas from seceding
– He refused to take an oath to the
Confederacy and he was removed
from office
– He was replaced with Francis R
Lubbock who was the 1st
Confederate Governor of Texas
– He Died July 26, 1863 in Huntsville
On
March 2, 1861 Texas
became the 7th state to secede
The Confederacy

Jefferson Davis
– President of the 11 Confederate
States of America

Everyone had to make a choice
of what side to be on
Major
General David E Twiggs
commander of all US forces in
Texas chose the Confederate side
and surrendered his command
peacefully in San Antonio
The War Begins

Fort Sumter, South
Carolina (Southern
State)
– Union troops refused to
surrender
– On April 12, 1861
Confederate troops fired
on the fort
This
is the official
beginning of the Civil War
Texans in the War


60,000 to 70,000 Texans
fought for the Confederacy
The most famous units were:
– Hood’s Texas Brigade
– Terry’s Texas Rangers
– Ross’s Brigade

Texas was know as the
“storehouse of the
Confederacy”
– Goods were brought into and out
of Texas by sea and through
Mexico
– Supplies like weapons, food, and
horses were then shipped to the
rest of the South
Texas Battles of the Civil War

No Major Battles of the War
took place in Texas
–
–
1.
Most fighting centered on
keeping the Gulf ports open
This was difficult because of the
Union blockade
Battle of Glorieta Pass (1862)
•
•
•
Texans tried to take over New
Mexico
Supplies ran low and they were
defeated by Union forces
New Mexico remained part of the
Union the rest of the war
Texas Battles of the Civil War
2.
Battle of Galveston (1863)
•
•
3.
Union troops had captured
Galveston (important port) to cut off
Confederate supplies
Jan 1, 1863, John B Magruder using
“cottonclads”, recapture it for the
Confederacy
Battle of Sabine Pass (1863)
•
•
•
47 Texans led by Richard Dowling
defeated a much larger Union force
Captured 2 gunboats and 350 Union
soldiers and prevented invasion of
Texas
Received only medals of honor ever
awarded by the Confederacy
Texas Battles of the Civil War
4.
Battle of Mansfield (1864)
•
•
5.
Union tried to invade Texas
from the East following the Red
River
Large Union invasion force was
attacked and defeated at
Mansfield, Louisiana
Battle of Palmito Ranch
(1865)
•
•
Last battle of the Civil War
Confederacy won, but lost the
war
The Effect of the War on the
Texas Home Front
1.
Men went off to fight so more work
for those left behind
•
•
+
2.
=

Blockade reduced the sale of cotton
•
3.

Women managed farms and plantations,
drove cattle, and worked in factories
Slaves were brought to Texas (less
fighting here) to keep them from escaping
or being captured by Union troops
Many farmers switched to growing food
crops to supply the troops
Blockade cause shortages of basic
supplies
•
•
Clothing, newspaper, coffee, and sugar
Prices rose dramatically
The Effect of the War on the
Texas Home Front
4.
Tensions rose between
supporters of the Confederacy
and the Union
•
Union supporters in North Texas
formed a secret society called the
Peace Party
•Vigilantes
hung 40 Peace Party
members in Gainesville in 1862
•People in Central Texas, mostly
German immigrants, supported the
Union
•60
Germans tried to leave Texas
to join the Union army
•They were ambushed at the
Nueces River, some died fighting
and the rest were executed
The End of the War


On April 9, 1865
Confederate
General Robert E
Lee surrendered to
Union General
Ulysses S Grant at
Appomattox
Courthouse, Virginia
This ended the Civil
War