Cell Energetics
Omnivores Dilemma excerpt
• - What does this excerpt teach us about
the food chains?
CO2 - a source of
Carbon to make
Glucose and other
carbon based
molecules.
1. What are the options the cell will then do with the
glucose?
2. What other things in the cell can the carbon be
incorporated into?
3. Does the Carbon ever leave the body?
Carbon Cycle - Following CO2
How does carbon and
energy get transferred up
the food chain?
Where does the source of
all energy originate?
Energy
•
Energy
– The ability to do work or cause change
– Occurs in various forms
– Can be converted to another form
Two forms of Energy:
•
Kinetic energy: energy of motion – work in
progress
•
Potential energy: stored energy
Calorie: Stored Energy to raise 1 g water 1
degree Celsius
What energy did we store?
Where is it stored?
Warm Up
• 1. What is a calorie?
• 2. Where did the calories in a potato chip originally
come from?
• 3. Which food had the most calories in it that we
tested? Propose a reason for why it had the most
calories.
• 4. What color of light does chlorophyll absorb?
• 5. Where are the Thylakoids? What happens in the
Thylakoids?
• 6. What are the two major parts of Photosynthesis?
• 7. What are two things that go into photosynthesis to
make it work?
• 8. What are two things that are produced by
photosynthesis?
Which color light do plants grow best in and
which color do they grow the worst in?
You can set up an
experiment and place
plants under yellow, red,
and green lights. (you do
place a group under
normal light for a control).
Which color, red, yellow, or
green should produce the
highest plants?
Which color should produce
the smallest plants?
The plants should grow
the best in red light and
the worst in green light.
Where in the plant
is the chlorophyll
that absorbs the
energy from the
sunlight?
Light Reactions – Goal –
Capture light energy Make ATP and NADPH
(initial storage of light energy
to send to Calvin Cycle
- Waste - Oxygen
Calvin Cycle – Goal –
to use the NADPH and
ATP and Carbon in
CO2 to make Glucose
(C6H12O6)
Two pictures
representing the
light reactions.
Light Reactions
H2O is split -
Solar Energy is
Absorbed
Electron is Energized in
Photosystem 2
a. Releases O2
b. Electron is used to replace
excited Electron
Electron is Energized
in Photosystem 1 and
travels down ETC
Electron travels down Electron
Transport Chain (ETC)
a. Releases ATP (energy)
b. Fills void where the
Electron left in Photosystem 1
Electron joins NADP+ and forms
NADPH – this will carry the sun’s
energy to the Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle
Where is this happening in the
cell?
What is the goal of this process?
What Three things does this
need to work and where do they
come from?
Summary of Photosynthesis
Warm Down
1. What are the three things that go into the light reactions?
2. What are the three things that come out of the light
reactions? b. Where does each go?
3. What are the three things that goes into the Calvin
Cycle?
4. What comes out of the Calvin Cycle?
5. Where do the light reactions occur?
6. Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?
7. What is made when the electron falls down the ETC in
PSII?
8. What is made when the electron falls down the ETC in
PSI?
9. What is water used for in the light reactions?
ATP
Overview of Cell Respiration
3 Steps
Each make ATP
38 ATP All together
Glycolysis
Goal: to make 2 pyruvates
(Turns Glucose into Pyruvate)
Where: OUTSIDE THE
MITOCHONDRIA!!
In the cytoplasm
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
Releases 2 ATP
Kreb’s Cycle
1. Pyruvate is turned into
Acetyl Co-A and enters the
matrix of the Mitochondria
2. Through a series of steps
the energy in Acetyl Co-A
is transferred to NADH and
FADH2 - Sent to ETC
( FAD+ catches an electron and
becomes FADH2 and NAD+ catches
and electron and becomes NADH)
3. 2 ATP are made and are
ready to use
4 CO2 is released as waste
Where? In the Matrix of Mitochondria
What we have done so far…
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Made Pyruvate – sent to Krebs
Make 6 NADH – Sent to ETC
Made 2ATP- usable Energy
Make 2 FADH2 - Sent to ETC
Made 2NADH – sent to ETC
Make 2ATP – Usable Energy
Made 2 FADH2 – Sent to ETC
Make 4 CO2 - Waste
ETC
Electron Transport Chain
• AKA Oxidative Phosphorylation
AKA Chemiosmosis
H2O production
NADH and FADH2 drop the
electron off and it bounces down
the proteins in the ETC
Oxygen catches the Electron and
Water is released.
Note: the NAD+ and
FAD+ return to get
more electrons
ATP Production
1. NADH and FADH2 drop off their high energy electron
2. The Protein channel uses the energy to push a Hydrogen
(H+) across the membrane
3. Like a water dam, the H+ flows through ATP Synthase,
and the harnessed energy is used to add the P on to ADP
making ATP (34 in total)
Warm Up
1. Where is CO2 produced?
2. A. What makes the H+ go into the inner
membrane space?
B. Ultimately, what happens to the H+ in
the inner membrane space?
3. What 3 things enter the ETC and what are
they used for?
Vinokourov caught doping at Tour de France
• The more muted response in international athletics to
blood doping practices has its origins with Finnish
distance runner and four-time Olympic gold medalist
Lasse Viren, the man believed to be the first successful
practitioner of increasing his red blood count to
correspondingly improve his body's ability to transport
oxygen. After winning the 5,000-m and 10,000-m races
at the 1972 Olympics, Viren raced with indifferent results
in events leading up to the 1976 Olympics. At the
games, Viren repeated as the gold medalist in his 1972
events, setting a world record in the 10,000-m event.
Two days later, Viren finished fifth in the marathon (26.2
mi [42.2 km]), despite never having run a marathon
before.
• The blood can become so thick that the
risk of death through blood clotting or
heart attack is increased, and n the past
decade, there have been numerous
deaths in Europe, including 18 Dutch and
Belgian cyclists who died due to
complications from blood that had
abnormally high hemocrit levels. Also,
since EPO is a synthetic substance, it can
be detected in urine tests.
Rootbeer
• To earn some rootbeer – answer the
following question correctly:
a. Explain the role of each of the following
ingredients:
Sugar
Yeast
b. Why is there carbonation in the
rootbeer?