unidad 1: etapa 1
Bienvenido a Miami
Profesor Martin
el índice
1.Familiar and formal speech
2.subject pronouns
3.Ser
4.Infinitives
5.Gustar
Familiar and Formal Speech
Only used when you talk directly to someone or a group of people
1. You
2. Y’all (you all)
Informal
Use with…
a) children /young adults
b) people your age
Formal
Use with…
a) adults
b) authority figures
- parents
- teachers
- bosses
- police officers
Familiar and Formal Speech
Spain
All other
countries
Tu = You (familiar)
Usted = You (formal)
Vosotros = Y’all (familiar)
Vosotras = Y’all (familiar)
Ustedes = Y’all (formal)
Tu = You (familiar)
Ustedes = Y’all (familiar)
Usted = You (formal)
Ustedes = Y’all (formal)
Familiar and formal
materiales
1. YouTube video = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVlkKvhUoS0
actividades
1. ¿Cómo estás? Vs ¿cómo está?
Activity 1
¿Cómo está? Vs ¿cómo está?
What would you use… A) ¿Cómo estás? o ¿Cómo está?
1. Your good friend Antonio
2. The father of your good friend Antonio
3. Antonio's little brother Felipe
4. Your best friend
5. Your teacher
6. Your classmates
7. Your father
8. Your mother
9. Your aunt or uncle
10.Your brother
11. A stranger that is your age
12.A stranger that is older than you
Infinitives
1. An infinitive is always a verb
1. In Spanish, infinitives always end in one of 3 combinations…
a) AR
b) ER
c) IR
2. Infinitives never have a subject, they always mean “to do
something.”
a) Ex. To eat
b) Ex. To run
•
Notice, in the two examples above we do not know who
is eating or running, the verbs do not have a subject.
Infinitives
materials
1. YouTube video = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3zEPjRdxmA
Actividades
1. Which are the infinites?
Activity 1
Which are the infinitives?
1. Hablar
2. Hablamos
3. Bailas
4. Bailar
5. Comer
6. comáis
7. Correr
8. Escribir
9. Leer
10. Nadar
11. Patinar
12. Patina
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a
noun.
WHAT IS A PRONOUN?
It’s a word used instead of a noun (or a phrase
containing a noun)
Example: `He', `it', `who', and `anything' are
pronouns.
 When the pronoun is the subject (the person
doing the action) of the sentence, it is called a
Subject Pronoun.
Example: Bob is swimming. He is swimming.

WHAT ARE THE ENGLISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS?
Singular
Plural
1st person
I
We
2nd person
You
Y’all
3rd person
He, She, It
They
ENGLISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND THEIR
SPANISH EQUIVALENTS

Spanish subject pronouns are similar to English,
but there are some differences.
1st
person
2nd
person
3rd
person
Singular
Plural
I = Yo
We = Nosotros (masc. / mixed)
Nosotras (fem.)
You (familiar) = Tú
Y’all (familiar) = Vosotros
Vosotras
You (formal) = Usted
Y’all (plural) = Ustedes
He = él
She = ella
They (masc. / mixed) = Ellos
They (fem) = Ellas
THE FIRST PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUN
“YO”
“Yo” means “I” and is used
in the same way as in
English.
 Note that it is not
capitalized unless it starts
a sentence:

Mi amigo y yo…
 Yo soy de Estados Unidos.

SECOND PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUN
TÚ
Tú means you (familiar)
 Used when talking to
someone that is familiar to
you.
 We’ll learn more about this
in a moment.

FORMAL YOU
USTED
Usted means you (formal)
 Used when talking to someone you should respect.
 Abbriviated: Capital U lower case d period.
 Ex: Ud.
 We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.

3RD PERSON SINGULAR MASCULINE
ÉL
Él = he
 It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/guy/man.
 used in the same way as it is in English:



Jorge es de Mexico. Él es de Mexico D.F.
DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are
actually writing the Spanish word for “the”

él = he
el = the
3RD PERSON SINGULAR FEMININE
ELLA
Ella = she
 It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman.
 used in the same way as its English counterpart:



Rosa es de Chile. Ella es de Santiago.
Please pronounce it correctly.
It sounds like (eh-yah) not (el-lah)
 Remember ll= y sound.

THE FIRST PERSON PLURAL PRONOUN
“NOSOTROS / NOSOTRAS”
Use nosotros/ nosotras to talk
about a group of people that
includes you.
 In English we have one word to
talk about “we,” but in Spanish,
we distinguish between “we”
masculine and feminine:
 Use nosotros to talk about a group
of boys/men.
 Use nosotras to talk about a group
of girls/women.
 Use the masculine pronoun if it
refers to a mixed group:

YOU PLURAL = (Y’ALL)
USTEDES
Abbriviated Capital “U”, lower case “d”, lower
case “s” period.
 Ex: Uds.
 Used to talk TO A GROUP of people.
 We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a
moment.

3RD PERSON PLURAL MASCULINE
ELLOS
Ellos = They (masculine)
 It is used when talking ABOUT a
group of boys/guys/men or a mixed
group.


Please pronounce it correctly.
It sounds like (eh-yohs) not (el-lohs)
 Remember ll= y sound.

3RD PERSON PLURAL FEMININE
ELLAS
Ellas = They (feminine)
 It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females.
 Please pronounce it correctly.

It sounds like (eh-yahs) not (el-lahs)
 Remember ll= y sound.

YOU


In English, one may say “YOU” or “Y’all”. These
cover aspects of being singular and plural,
masculine and feminine, formal and informal.
In Spanish there are 5 ways to express “you”





tú
usted (Ud.)
vosotros
vosotras
ustedes (Uds.)
DIFFERENCES – YOU: TÚ VS. USTED

Let’s look at the singular forms first. Each one
has a specific time when it used. If you use the
wrong one, it can be offensive to the person with
whom you are speaking.
Tú = you
(informal/familiar/friendly)
Use “tú” when talking to people
with whom you are on a first
name basis.
friends
family
small children
people younger than you
Usted (Ud.) = you (formal)
Use “Usted” when talking with people
to whom you should show respect.
People in authority (police,
teachers, bosses, etc.)
Strangers
Adults
DIFFERENCES – Y’ALL

In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of you”
Vosotros
 Vosotras
 Ustedes (Uds.)



The Vosotros/Vosotras forms are used primarily in
Spain.
We will not use vosotros/as in class, but you need to
be aware of it.
DIFFERENCES – Y’ALL
The plural you form “ustedes (Uds.)” Is used
differently in Spain and Latin America.
 Since we use Latin American Spanish in class,
we will only use Uds. to indicate all forms of
y’all.

REVIEW
Yo = I
First person singular
Not capitalized unless the first
word of the sentence
Used to talk ABOUT yourself
Nosotros/as = we
distinguish between “we” masculine
and feminine
Used to talk ABOUT yourself and
friends
Tú = You (singular, informal/familiar) Vosotros/as = Y’all (singular, familiar)
Use it to talk TO a person that is a
Use it to talk TO a group of friends or
friend or family member
family members.
Ud. = You (singular, formal)
Use it to talk TO a person that is due
respect.
Él = he
Don’t forget the accent
Use it to talk ABOUT a guy.
Ella = she
Use it to talk ABOUT a girl.
Watch the pronunciation.
Uds. = Y’all
Use it to talk TO a group of people
Ellos = They (masculine)
It is used when talking ABOUT a group
of boys/guys/men or a mixed group.
Ellas = They (feminine)
It is used when talking ABOUT a group
of only females.
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
materiales
1. Subject Pronoun notes (doc)
actividades
1. Subject Pronouns Spanish to English (doc)
2. Subject Pronouns (combine the subjects) (doc)
3. Subject Pronouns (replace the subject) (doc)
Ser
Ser = to be
I am
Yo
soy
We are
Nosotros
Nosotras
somos
You are
Tú
eres
Y’all are
Vosotros
Vosotras
sois
You are
Usted
es
Y’all are
Ustedes
son
He is
She is
Él
Ella
es
es
They are
They are (f)
Ellos
Ellas
son
son
•Unlike English, you DO NOT need to use the subject pronouns
Ser
• In Spanish the verb “to be” has two translations.
• Both verbs are used in different circumstances.
o Estar = to be
o Ser = to be
• Estar = Is generally used with non permanent conditions.
• Ex. I am happy = Estoy aburrido. (I am bored)
• Feeling at the moment, subject to change
• Ser = Is generally used with permanent conditions or facts.
• Ex. I am a happy = Soy aburrido. (I am a boring person)
• Personality trait, not subject to change.
• We will focus on the form of Ser in this chapter.
Ser
Primary Uses
1.Origin (to say where you are from)
o Soy de Georgia = I am from Georgia
2.Facts (who or what)
o John es mi amigo. = John is my friend.
o John es policía = John is a police officer.
3.Personality traits.
o Ella es inteligente = She is intelligent.
Ser
materials
1. PowerPoint and text book
activities
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Text Book pg. 36, activity 9 (Descríbelos)
Text Book Pg. 36, activity 11 (¿Quién es Francisco?)
Text Book Pg. 37, activity 12 (Yo soy…)
Text Book Pg. 38, activity 13 (¿De dónde son?)
Text Book Pg. 38, activity 14 (¡Son de muchos lugares!)
El Verbo “GUSTAR”
• En español gustar =“to be pleasing”
• In English, the equivalent is “to like”
Spanish and English have a different way to express
likes and dislikes
• In English we say:
“I like Spanish.”
• In Spanish we say:
“To me, Spanish
is pleasing.”
Gustar is a special ‘ar’ verb
• Gustar is a special verb that has it’s own set
of rules.
• It’s not conjugated like a regular –ar verb, so
it does not follow the drop the ending rule.
• To say “I like” you don’t say “Yo gusto”.
To someone
To me =
me
To us =
nos
To you (informal) = te
To y’all =
os
To you (formal) =
le
To y’all =
les
To him =
To her =
le
le
To them =
To them (f) =
les
les
Someone or something is pleasing
I am pleasing =
gusto
To us =
nos
You are pleasing (informal) =
te
To y’all =
os
To you (formal) =
le
To y’all =
les
To him =
To her =
le
le
To them =
To them (f) =
les
les
Singular objects
Infinitives
Plural objecss
How to use Gustar
Me gusta = I like (To me, it is pleasing…)
Te gusta = you like (To you, it is pleasing…)
Le gusta= Ud./he/she likes (to him/her, it is
pleasing…)
Nos gusta = we like (To us, it is pleasing…)
Les gusta = They like (To them, it is pleasing…)
Gustar grammar rules
Here are the rules for using gustar.
1. To tell an object/things are pleasing to you.
Me gusta + noun.
Ex: Me gusta el apartamento.
2. If noun is plural you must use gustan:
Me gustan los apartamentos
3. To say you like doing certain actions(verbs)
Me gusta + infinitive
Ex: Me gusta comer.
Dislikes
To say something is not pleasing (not like)
you place a NO in front of the sentence.
•
• No me gusta la casa = I don’t like the house
•No nos gusta el maestro = we don’t like the
teacher
To ask what people like
• Te gusta vivir en la casa = You like to live in the house
• To make it a question just add ¿ at beginning and ? At end of
the sentence.
Example:
¿Te gusta vivir en la casa? = Do you like to live in the house?
¿Les gusta correr? = Do they like to run?
Making Le & Les gusta more
specific
• Le gusta = he/she likes & Les gusta = They like
• To make it more specific you must start the
sentence with “A” and then the person’s name.
• Example:
• Le gusta bailar = He/She likes to dance
• A Steven le gusta bailar = Steven likes to dance.
• A él le gusta bailar = He likes to dance.
¿How do you say?
“I like the teacher.”
Me gusta la maestra.
“The teacher is pleasing to me.”
¿How do you say?
“You like the boys.”
Te gustan los chicos.
“The boys are pleasing to you.”
¿How do you say?
“He doesn’t like to dance.”
no le gusta bailar
A él no le gusta bailar
“To dance is not pleasing to him.”
¿How do you say?
“We like the dogs.”
Nos gustan los perros
“Our dogs please us.”
¿How do you say?
“They don’t like to skate.”
No les gusta patinar.
A ellos no les gusta patinar.
“To skate is not pleasing to them
¿How do you say?
“They like Spanish.”
Les gusta el español.
“Spanish is pleasing to them.”
¿Cómo se dice en español?
I like to write.
Me gusta escribir.
Elena likes to eat pizza.
We
don’tcomer
like topizza
work.
le gusta
Carlos and Miguel like girls.
No nos gusta Trabajar.
Do they like to run?
les gustan las chicas.
You like to swim?
¿Les gusta correr?
¿Te gusta nadar?
Gustar
materials
1. Jeopardy
actividades
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Text Book pg. 39, activity 16 (Le gusta…)
Text Book pg. 40, activity 17 (Preferencias)
Text Book pg. 40, activity 18 (Me gusta)
Gustar (2 way conversation)
Gustar (translation)
Gustar (interview a classmate)
Presentations / Introductions
How to present someone to another person!
There are 2 ways…
Familiar
Formal
Te presento a…
Le presento a…
•After the a simply say the name of the person being presented
ex. Te presento a Juan. = To you I present Jaun.
Presentations / Introductions
materials
activities
1. Text Book pg. 41, activity 19 (Presentaciones)