Topic: Early Colonial History
Essential Question: Why did the colonists come to America?

 Roanoke Island (Virginia) disappeared, founded by Sir
Walter Raleigh (English)
 Why did Europeans desire to colonize and come to
America?
 1) Quest for gold and spices
 2) Desire to spread Christianity
 3) Desire to utilize new technologies

 1) Economic reasons (lived in poverty)
 2) Religious freedom
 The big question: Was it more “push” or “pull” factors that brought the English to America?
 Biggest factors to consider:
 Gold, slavery, adventure, religious freedom,

 In the “Chesapeake” Region
 1 st 2 successful colonies
 The London Company (a joint-stock company) built
Jamestown (VA)
 3 Biggest problems:
 A) Hostile environment
 B) Unclear goals
 C) Colonists did not work for common good

 In the late 1580s, Sir Walter Raleigh attempted to plant a colony for
England in present-day North Carolina (Roanoke).
 It was not until 1606 that the Virginia Company of London received a charter from the newly-crowned King James I.
 The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company, which sold shares.
 All who purchased shares shared in the success or failure of the venture.
 The Virginia Company was formed both to bring profit to its shareholders and to establish an English colony in the New World.
 In December 1606, the Virginia Company's three ships, containing
144 men and boys, set sail. On May 13, 1607, these first settlers selected the site of Jamestown Island as the place to build their fort.

 1606-1607 - 40 people died on the voyage to the New
World.
 1609 - another ship from England lost its leaders and supplies in a shipwreck off Bermuda.
 Settlers died by the dozens!
 “Gentlemen” colonists would not work themselves.
 Smith nearly killed by Indians & Powhatan
 Settlers wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming.

 Imposed military order to the town
 Had to fight off Indians who were raiding the colonists
 "He who does not work, will not eat."

 1607: 104 colonists
 By spring, 1608: 38 survived
 1609: 300 more immigrants
 By spring, 1610: 60 survived
 1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants
 1624 population: 1,200
 Adult life expectancy: 40 years
 Death of children before age 5: 80%

 John Rolfe
 1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.
 1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack,
Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.
 1627 — Virginia produces
500,000 pounds of tobacco.
 1629 — Virginia produces
1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

 It’s a long story but basically the joint-stock company ended in epic failure. There were no real profits, money was owed to everyone, so in 1624 King James I declared
Virginia a royal colony
 Govt. was established (House of Burgesses)
 New system put in place called the “ Headright System” where investors and residents were able to acquire land in paying the passage of new settlers
 Women were also brought over…for the men 

 High mortality among husbands and fathers left many women in the
Chesapeake colonies with unusual autonomy and wealth!

 http://www.nps.gov/jame/historyculture/the-virginiacompany-of-london.htm
 http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0012122005/student_view0/

 Read & take notes on the first 10 pages of Chapter 2
 Expect a reading quiz on Monday:
 Key Terms:

 Directions: From the following 5 topics, pick three (3) and in a sentence or two, explain why you think they made the textbook.
This requires some evidence from your book (and your reading notes) plus your own interpretation of why the topic is important:
 A) Jamestown
 B) Bacon’s Rebellion
 C) William Bradford
 D) John Smith
 E) Proprietary Colony
 This is timed! 10 minutes is the limit

 Powhatan Confederacy
 Powhatan Uprising of 1622
 First Anglo-Powhatan War
 Second Anglo-Powhatan War
 Peace Treaty of 1646

 Unsuccessful venture in government
 King James I did not trust members and hated tobacco
 High death rate ensured rapid turnover of members
 Controlled finances & militia (similar to House of
Commons in England)

th
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
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1607 1630 1650 1670 1690
White
Black

 So called because it was the middle leg of a three-part voyage -- a voyage that began and ended in Europe.
 The first leg of the voyage carried a cargo that often included iron, cloth, brandy, firearms, and gunpowder.
 Upon landing on Africa's "slave coast," the cargo was exchanged for Africans.
 Fully loaded with its human cargo, the ship set sail for the Americas, where the slaves were exchanged for sugar, tobacco, or some other product.
 The final leg brought the ship back to Europe.

 "The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. This produced copious perspirations, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration, from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness among the slaves, of which many died.”

 Made blacks [and their children] property, or chattel for life of white masters.
 In some colonies, it was a crime to teach a slave to read or write.
 Conversion to Christianity did not qualify the slave for freedom.
 **These “black codes” or “Slave codes” would again appear during and after the Civil War era

 Led 1,000 Virginians in a rebellion against Governor Berkeley
 Rebels resented Berkeley’s close relations with Indians.
Berkeley profited from the Indians but refused to deal with
Indian attacks on frontier settlements.
 Berkeley monopolized the fur trade with the Indians in the area.
 Bacon threatened Berkeley at gunpoint and burned
Jamestown
 Significance: Civilian challenging royal authority in the name of liberty. Bacon felt his life was threatened by Indians.

 Rebels attacked Indians, whether they were friendly or not to whites.
 Governor Berkeley driven from Jamestown.
 They burned the capital.
 Rebels went on a rampage of plundering.
 Bacon suddenly died of fever.
 Berkeley brutally crushed the rebellion and hanged 20 rebels.

 Socio-economic class differences/clashes between rural and urban communities would continue throughout
American history.
 Upper class planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel  BLACK SLAVES!!

 Refer to text for more thorough overview
 Known as a haven for Catholics
 Known as a proprietary colony (granted to an individual or group by the British crown and that were granted full rights of self-government.)
 Best 2 examples of P.C.
 MD & PA

 Maryland Toleration Act of 1649
 Supported by the Catholics in MD.
 Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.
 Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus
[like Jews, atheists, etc.].

 Plymouth Lesson

 MA Bay Colony

 We have now covered:
 Virginia & Jamestown / Royal Colony
 Role of tobacco / John Rolfe
 John Smith & The Starving Time
 Maryland as a Proprietary colony
 Maryland Toleration Act 1649
 Bacon’s Rebellion & Significance
 Slave Codes, Middle Passage, Equiano
 House of Burgesses

 Virginia
 Maryland
 Massachusetts Bay
 Plymouth (in MA)

 Tonight read & take notes on pages 43-52
 Possible reading quiz tomorrow

 A) First 10 Presidents
 B) First 10 Amendments
 C) Historical Eras in order with the saying but no freebies
 Point Value will be 30

 Is posted on the website