Silvia Artigas
Diana Hung
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DEFINITION
ETYMOLOGY
HISTORY
TYPES OF BRIDGES
– BEAM
– CANTILEVER
– ARCH
– TIED ARCH
– TRUSS
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– SUSPENSION
– CABLE STAYED
– MOVABLE
– DOUBLE DECKED
– BY USE
STRUCTURE
EFFICENCY
OTHER FUNCTIONS
BRIDGES FAILURES
BRIDGE MONITORING
Bridges are structures that work as a way of passage over
an obstacle.
The origin of the word bridge comes from an Old English
word brycg, of the same meaning, derived from ProtoGermanic root brugjō.
• The first bridges were made by nature
itself. A log fallen across a stream or
stones in the river.
• The use of stronger bridges using
plaited bamboo and iron chain was
visible in India by about the 4th
century.
•Military and commercial purposes
bridges were constructed by
the Mughal administration in India
•Rope bridges are a simple type of
suspension bridge that were used
by the Inca civilization.
• The Arkadiko Bridge is one of
four Mycenaean corbel arch bridges
part of a former network of roads,
designed to accommodate chariots,
between Tiryns to Epidauros in
the Peloponnese, in Greece.
• With the Industrial Revolution in the
19th century, truss systems
of wrought iron were developed for
larger bridges.
• In 1927 welding pioneer Stefan
Bryła designed the first welded road
bridge in the world.
There are six main types of bridges: beam bridges, cantilever
bridges, arch bridges, suspension bridges, cable-stayed
bridges and truss bridges.
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• BEAM
They are horizontal beams
supported at each end by
abutments, hence their
structural name of simply
supported. Also known
as piers.
• CANTILEVER
They are built
using cantilevers horizontal
beams supported on only
one end.
• ARCH
They have abutments at each
end. The weight of the bridge
is supported by these
abutments.
• TIED ARCH
They have an arch-shaped
superstructure, but differ from
conventional arch bridges.
• TRUSS
A truss bridge is a bridge composed of
connected elements (typically straight)
which may be stressed
from tension, compression, or sometimes
both in response to dynamic loads.
• SUSPENSION
They are suspended from cables. The
earliest suspension bridges were made of
ropes or vines. In modern bridges, the
cables hang from towers that are attached
to caissons. Simple, stressed
ribbon, underspanned, suspended-deck
and self-anchored.
• CABLE-STAYED
They are held up by cables. Less
cable is needed than in suspension
bridges and the towers holding the
cables are proportionately shorter.
• MOVABLE
They are designed to move out of
the way of boats or other kinds of
traffic.
• DOUBLE-DECKED
They have two levels. Some
double-decker bridges only use one
level for street traffic. Example:
Washington Avenue Bridge.
• BY USE
A bridge is designed for trains,
pedestrian or road traffic, a
pipeline or waterway for
water transport or barge
traffic.
• An aqueduct is a bridge that
carries water, resembling
a viaduct, which is a bridge
that connects points of equal
height. Viaducts may span
land or water or both.
Some bridges attract people
attempting suicide, and become
known as suicide bridges.
To create a beautiful image, some
bridges are built much taller than
necessary. These are called Moon
Bridges.
Bridges may be classified by how the forces
of tension, compression, bending, torsion and shear are
distributed through their structure.
• A bridge’s structural efficiency is the ratio of load carried to
bridge mass, given a specific set of material types.
• A bridge's economic efficiency will be site and traffic
dependent, the ratio of savings by having a bridge compared
to its cost.
• Some bridges accommodate other
purposes, such as they can feature
as restaurants. Suspension bridges
towers carry transmission antennas.
• A bridge can carry overhead power
lines.
• In railway parlance, an overbridge is
a bridge crossing over the course of
the railway. In contrast,
an underbridge allows
passage under the line.
• The failure of bridges is of special concern for structural
engineers in trying to learn lessons vital to bridge design,
construction and maintenance.
• “Structurally deficient" and "functionally obsolete".
Bridges have a great importance in society because of its
noble purpose of communicate, they allow the flow of
things such as merchandise and knowledge. Bridges help
us grow economically, culturally and let us have always
any kind of feedbacks. For architects, bridges have the
same importance, plus the ability of using their creativity
for innovating as time progresses. In the end, bridges are
important for architects in three ways: connecting spaces,
overcome obstacles, and allowance of innovating designs.