Chapter 23
Care of Young, Middle and Older
Adults
Delmar Learning
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company
Theories of Growth and
Development
• Young Adult
• Middle Adult
• Older Adult
Chapter 23
20 – 40 years
40 – 65 years
65 years to death
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Levinson’s Developmental
Stages of Adulthood
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Early adult transition
Entrance into adult world
Transition
Settling down
Pay-off years
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Erikson’s Stages of
Psychosocial Development
• Intimacy vs. Isolation
• Generativity vs. Stagnation
• Integrity vs. Despair
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Young Adult Risk Factors
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Substance abuse
Suicide
Sexuality
Sexually transmitted diseases
Violence
Accidents
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Middle Adult
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Characterized by stability
Physical development
Cognitive development
Psychosocial development
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Middle Adult Risk Factors
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Midlife crisis
Generation gap
Sandwich generation
Emergence of chronic health problems
Financial concerns
Chapter 23
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Older Adult
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Physical development
Systemic changes
Sexuality
Sensory changes
Cognitive development
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Older Adult Development
• Psychosocial development
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Ego integrity vs. despair
• Retirement and life review
• Facing death
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Older Adult Risk Factors
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Depression
Loss
Social support
Dementia
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Older Adult Risk Factors (cont.)
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Sensory impairment
Cancer
Ageism
Bereavement
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Guidelines for Helping Persons
Who Are Blind
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Use a normal tone of voice.
Give explicit directions.
Use a clock to describe food placement.
Announce the presence of other guests.
Communicate when you enter and leave
the room.
Chapter 23
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Guidelines for Communicating
with Persons Who are Hearing
Impaired
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Speak distinctly but naturally.
Face the person as you speak to him.
Speak to the “good” ear.
Use facial expressions to convey meaning.
Obtain the person’s attention before
speaking.
Chapter 23
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Safety
• Risk factors
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Sensory impairment
Physical disability
Cognitive impairment
Chapter 23
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company
Fall Prevention
• Fall Prevention
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Interventions to decrease fall risk
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Reduce environmental hazards
Improve home supports
Medication modification
Caregiver education
Chapter 23
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Implications for Community
Nursing Practice
• Primary prevention
• Secondary prevention
• Tertiary prevention
Chapter 23
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Tips for Aging Successfully
• Inner aspect of aging
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Relationship to self
• Outer aspect of aging
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Relationship to community
Chapter 23
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Fostering Health Relationships
• Caring family support system
• Intergenerational involvement
• Integration of multiple support systems
Chapter 23
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company