Day 5-STAAR Review
Important Eras in US History and the
key people within each Era
Colonization
• John Smith- successful leader of Jamestown
• John Rolfe- brought tobacco to America
• Thomas Hooker- founded Connecticut, helped write
the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• Charles de Montesquieu- his writings on checks and
balances inspired Madison
• William Blackstone- writings on the judicial system
inspired Madison and Jefferson
• William Penn- founded Pennsylvania (Quaker)
• Roger Williams- founded Rhode Island for religious
freedom
American Revolution
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Samuel Adams- founder of Sons of Liberty
Benjamin Franklin- Founding Father who helped write the Constitution and Declaration of Independence
and encouraged France to join the Patriots during the Revolution
King George III-King of England
Thomas Jefferson-wrote the Declaration of Independence
John Locke-writings on natural (unalienable) rights influenced Jefferson’s writings.
Patrick Henry- Patriot who believed freedom was worth dying for; “give me liberty or give me death.”
Thomas Paine- wrote Common Sense
George Washington-Commander of the Continental Army
John Paul Johns- first American naval commander; “I have not yet begun to fight.”
Abigail Adams -wife of John Adams, wrote letters to husband during war.
John Adams- patriot leader who helped write the Declaration
Wentworth Cheswell- African American soldier in the Continental Army.
Mercy Otis Warren- female patriot who wrote plays and poems encouraging independence
James Armistead- African American spy for the Continental Army
Bernardo de Galvez- Spanish governor of Louisiana that helped the Continental Army
Crispus Attucks- African American shot during the Boston Massacre
Haym Solomon- helped pay for the American Revolution
Marquis de Lafayette- French officer who helped Washington during the Revolution
Constitutional Convention
• Alexander Hamilton- Federalist, wrote the
Federalist Papers
• John Jay- Federalist, wrote the Federalist
Papers
• James Madison- Federalist, wrote the
Federalist Papers
• Patrick Henry- Anti-Federalist
• George Mason- Anti-Federalist
Early Republic
• John Marshall- served as Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court for over 30 years
Jacksonian Democracy
• Andrew Jackson-7th President, common man
president; helped expand suffrage to all white males.
• John Q. Adams- 6th president and the one responsible
for the 1828 Tariff Law
• John C. Calhoun- Andrew Jackson’s vice president;
from South Carolina; leader in the Nullification Crisis
and the Doctrine of Nullification
• Henry Clay- The Great Compromiser, helped write a
compromise to end the Crisis.
• Daniel Webster- believed in a strong union, helped
Clay write a compromise
Industrial Revolution
• Eli Whitney- invented the cotton gin and
interchangeable parts
• Samuel Slater- brought first textile mill to
America
• Henry Lowell- provided factor jobs to young
women in New England
Westward Expansion
• Lewis and Clark- Main 2 explorers of the
Louisiana Territory
Reform and Social Movements
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton- led women’s movement towards equality and
suffrage; wrote the Declaration of Sentiments
• Lucretia Mott- powerful speaker and leader in the women’s movement;
led the Seneca Falls Convention
• Frederick Douglass- former slave, abolitionist, and powerful speaker
• Susan B. Anthony- a leader in the women’s rights movement
• Henry David Thoreau- urged people to not obey laws they thought were
unjust- Civil Disobedience
• John J. Audubon- artist who painted birds of North America
• William Lloyd Garrison- abolitionist who wrote a newspaper The Liberator
• Horace Mann- leader of the education reform movement, father of
education
• Sojourner Truth- leader in both the abolitionist and women’s rights
movement
• Dorothea Dix- leader in the prison reform movement and care for the
disabled movement
Sectionalism
• Harriet Beecher Stowe- wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
which discussed the horrors of slavery
• Henry Clay- “The Great Compromiser”, wrote
Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of
1850
• Daniel Webster- believed in keeping the Union
strong; argued that people not states made up
the Union
• John Brown- abolitionist who was involved in
Bleeding Kansas and Harper’s Ferry Raid
Civil War
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Abraham Lincoln- President for the Union
U.S. Grant –Union Commander
Jefferson Davis- President for the Confederacy
Robert E. Lee- Confederate Commander
Philip Bazaar- member of the US Navy during the Civil War,
won a Congressional Medal of Honor
• Stonewall Jackson- one of the best Confederate generals
• William Carney- African American soldier who served in
the 54th Massachusetts Regiment during the war; first
African American to win the Congressional Medal of Honor
• Clara Barton- nurse who helped during the Civil War;
founded the Red Cross
Reconstruction
• Andrew Johnson- Lincoln’s vice president who
became President when Lincoln was
assassinated.
• Hiram Rhodes Revels- first African American
to serve in Congress as a Senator (Mississippi).