Chapter 17:
Flappers,
Depression, and the
Global War
The New Woman
• 1920 – 19th Amendment gave
women the right to vote
• More women in the workforce
Flappers: name given to women
who took on the new fashion –
known for short hair, make-up,
dancing, drinking
• Rebecca Latimer Felton first
woman in U.S. Senate
Music
•Speakeasies: clubs known
for having liquor (which
was illegal)
•Jazz: became popular
music – Louis Armstrong
& Duke Ellington
•Cotton Club in Harlem NY
most famous jazz club
•The Charleston was the
popular dance
Crime
•Prohibition: laws made sale
and distribution of alcohol illegal
•Gangsters supplied liquor to
speakeasies and clubs
•Famous gangsters from New York
and Chicago: Al Capone; Baby
Face Nelson
•Al Capone: “Public
Enemy No. 1”
Al Capone
???Question Time???
• What were the New Woman of the
day called because of their fancy
dress and short hair styles?
Flappers
Life in the Roaring Twenties
•Life in US after World War I was good
•More modern conveniences freed
women from household chores
•Electricity became more available
Other inventions included gas stoves,
toasters, sliced bread, baby food
•Radio: WSB started in Atlanta – Radio
was most popular form of mass
communication
•1927: first talking motion picture
•Walt Disney creates Mickey Mouse
The Destruction of King Cotton …
While the rest of the country partied
Georgia and the South suffered!
•Boll weevil: insect which ate
Georgia’s most important cash crop
•Price of cotton also dropped
1924: major drought (period with
little or no rain) hit Georgia
•Georgia farmers did not have the
“good life” that many Americans enjoyed
•Farms closed forcing banks and farmrelated business to close
A Special Day
•1927: Charles Lindbergh became
first person to fly nonstop from
New York to Paris 3,600 mile trip,
33 ½ hours – traveled alone
•No navigation or weather
instruments
•Won $25,000 prize
•“Spirit of St. Louis”
was his plane
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
What made the 1920s
‘roaring’?
The Untouchables
President
Herbert
Hoover
Flappers
What do you see?
1. List 5 things you see in the
picture.
2. Based on her facial expression,
what emotion(s) do you think the
woman is feeling?
3. Do you think she is wealthy?
4. Do you think she lives in a wealthy
country?
5. Why do you think she feels like
the emotions listed in question 2?
6. What time period does she live in?
(think major US event)
The Great Depression
The Stock Market
What is the
atmosphere in this
picture?
What sounds do you
think you would
hear?
What emotion do
you think these men
might be displaying?
Traders on the floor of the stock
exchange
The Stock Market
The stock market is a place where shares of
ownership in corporations (stock) are
bought and sold.
Individual investors, like you, can own part
of the greatest public corporations of the
day.
???Question Time???
• Who was Public Enemy #1
Al Capone
Crash of October 1929
The stock market crashed on Tuesday October 29, 1929. This
date is known as “Black Tuesday.” Stock prices began to fall
as investors tried to sell off their stock.
Many investors had bought stock on margin. During the
1920’s when you bought stock on margin you paid 10 percent
down and waited for the stock to go up. When the stock price
went up, you would sell it in order to make a profit. speculating
This only worked if the price continued to go up. If the price
goes down, you still owed the stock brokers the original price.
During the crash, investors had to sell their stocks at a lower
price PLUS they still owed their brokers the original selling
price.
The effects of the crash
Millions of people who had owned valuable stocks
were left with worthless paper.
Millionaires lost their fortunes overnight.
Panic about the overall economy spread throughout
the US.
What were the causes of
the Great Depression?
Causes of the Great Depression
1. Americans had borrowed more money than they
could repay. Default
2. This hurt banks and businesses that were waiting
to be repaid.
3. Businesses had to lay-off workers and banks
collapsed due to loss of money. Downsize
4. Business had overproduced their products and
when consumers stopped buying, they had to
close or lay-off many more workers.
???Question Time???
• What date is known as “Black Tuesday.”
Tuesday October 29, 1929
The day of “The Crash”
Causes of the Great Depression
5. High tariffs – The US and other nations had high
tariffs on goods coming into their nations. This
prohibited consumers from other countries to buy
American to help out American industry.
6. Laissez-faire – The idea that government should
play as little role as possible in economic affairs.
Due to this policy, the US government was late to
react to counter the causes of the depression.
Causes of the Great Depression
Pictures of the Great Depression
Men at an Employment Agency
Moving through a soup line
Pictures of the Great Depression
Groups of shacks like this one were
called “Hoovervilles”
People wandered from town to
town looking for work.
???Question Time???
• The idea that
government
should play
as little role
as possible in
economic
affairs is k
now as what?
Laissez-faire
Pictures of the Great Depression
Long lines formed for bread and soup
Children in a tent city
Living through the depression
1. 1 in 4 Americans were out of work
2. By 1932 unemployment reached 13 million people.
3. Thousands of banks closed.
4. Schools were forced to close due to lack of government
funds.
5. Georgians were already in a depression before the Great
Depression hit the rest of the US so Georgians didn’t
immediately feel the impact of the Great Depression.
Why were Georgians already in a depressed economy?
6. During the time from 1929 to 1932, an average farmer’s
income dropped from $206 per year to $83 per year.
???Question Time???
• Who was the
first woman in
U.S. Senate?
Rebecca
Latimer
Felton
Essential
Question:
How did people live
through the Great
Depression?
The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl, or the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe
dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage
to American prairie lands in the 1930s. It was caused by severe
drought combined with poor farming methods.
Millions of acres of farmland were damaged, and hundreds of
thousands of people were forced to leave their homes; many of
these families (often known as "Okies", since so many came
from Oklahoma) migrated to California and other states, where
they found economic conditions little better than those they had
left, due to the Great Depression.
The Dust Bowl
Essential question:
What was the Great
Depression?
The New Deal
“I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American
people.” – Franklin D. Roosevelt campaigning for President.
By the time Roosevelt took office in 1933, the depression was
being felt all over the world.
What is the plan?
Roosevelt had no idea how to tackle the economic
problems that faced the country.
“Brain Trust” – Roosevelt gathered a group of advisors that
put together a plan to fight the depression
First Hundred Days
Congress passed more legislation in the first one hundred
days during the Franklin D Roosevelt administration than any
other in history.
Roosevelt’s Plan
The New Deal’s purpose was to bring about economic
recovery, relieve the suffering of the unemployed, and
reform defects in the economy.
Banks
Many banks closed.
Customers ran to the banks in panic to remove money.
Banks did not have enough cash on hand to cover withdraws.
Roosevelt closed all banks by declaring a “Bank Holiday”
Only those banks that could cover any withdraw from a customer would
be allowed to reopen.
Tennessee Valley Authority
The TVA was a program
which concentrated on
improving the living
environment in
areas who were very poor.
TVA in Ga: Blue Ridge
Lake, Lake Chatuge,
Lake Nottley built by
this New Deal program
TVA
???Question Time???
• What were the 3 – “R”s of Roosevelt's
“New Deal” ?
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Another popular program in Georgia that helped put out of
work people to work.
Some of the projects that they worked on include:
1. Schools across the state were built by the CCC.
2. Hospitals in many cities were built by the CCC including
much of Grady Hospital in Atlanta.
3. Several airports in Georgia including the Macon Airport.
4. Dalton’s city hall and several city jails were built through
this program
Warm Springs, GA
Franklin Delano Roosevelt built the Little White House in 1932 while
governor of New York, prior to being inaugurated as president in
1933. He first came to Warm Springs in 1924 hoping to find a cure for
the infantile paralysis (polio) that had struck him in 1921.
Swimming in the warm,
buoyant spring waters
brought him no miracle cure,
but it did bring improvement.
During FDR’s presidency and
the Great Depression, he
developed many New Deal
Programs (such as the Rural
Electrification Administration)
based upon his experiences
in this small town.
Rural Electrification Authority
•result of President Roosevelt’s first stay in Georgia this
program was started
•“Little Whitehouse” in Warm Springs
• Roosevelt noticed no lights from the surrounding farms
• received his electric bill --- shocked to find out that it was
more expensive than the bill for his mansion in NY
• created the REA to help farmers and rural residents
• create co-ops to extend their own electrical lines to rural
Electricity made farm live much easier with electrical water
pumps, milking machines, lights and electrical appliances.
Other Programs
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
•set up to insure deposits people made into banks
•Today, the FDIC will insure $100,000 per account.
Social Security Administration
• set up a system of pensions for older people.
•Payments from employers and employees are
collected through payroll taxes
•set up the nation’s first system of unemployment
insurance
•gave states money to support dependent children
and people with disabilities
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
•provided farm subsidies (grants of
money from the government) went to
property owners to help farmers
• did not help most African Americans
tended to be tenant farmers
The New Deal
Essential Question:
• What was the New Deal?
How did Georgians
benefit from the New
Deal?
Georgia’s New Deal Governors
Richard Russell
Tried to run the state government
like a successful business.
Consolidated 102 different state
offices into 17 agencies.
Created the Board of Regents for
the state’s college system.
After his term of Governor was
completed, he was elected to the
U.S. Senate where he served for 38
years
Georgia’s New Deal Governors
Eugene Talmadge
Conservative White Supremacist
Did not like federal government
intervention or debt.
Tried to rid the state of New Deal
Policies
Used National Guard to remove
officials that disagreed with him and
to arrest textile strikers.
Had college officials that wanted to
integrate Georgia Southern fired
which results in all white Georgia
Colleges to lose their accreditation.
???Question Time???
• What bright idea did FDR come up with
one dark night at the Little White House?
Rural
Electrification
Authority
Georgia’s New Deal Governors
Eurith Rivers
Supported President Roosevelt’s
New Deal Programs
Moved from dead last to first in the
country in rural electrification
associations
Created the State Bureau of
Unemployment Compensation
Built public housing projects
Created the 7 month school year.
Expanded the state highway system
Georgia’s New Deal Governors
Ellis Arnell
Defeated Tallmadge in reelection bid in 1942 .
First Georgia Governor to
serve a four year term
Fixed the college and prison
system by removing the
Governor’s office from any
influence
Abolished the Poll Tax in 1945
First state to give 18 year olds
the right to vote