“To understand world cultures, it is important
to see the connections between people and their
environment.”
 The
study of where people, places, & things are
located and how they relate to each other
5
basic themes to understand the
link between PEOPLE and THE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
EARTH…
Movement
Region
Location
Interaction between People and Environment
Place

Aka- Migration


Has positives and negatives!
As people move…

Ideas spread

Trade
- Exports v. Imports

Creates Interdependence
- dependence of countries on goods, resources &
knowledge from other parts of the world

If too many people leave an area… can create a “Brain Drain”
 Area
with its own unifying characteristics
(can be physical, cultural, political or
economic)
 Position
on earth’s surface
 Relative or
 Absolute

Lines of latitude measure N & S of the Equator

Lines of longitude measure E & W of the Prime
Meridian (Greenwich, England)
 People
change the environment
(“Progress” but often
with “Hidden Costs”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcSX4ytEfcE
 Or
people adapt
 Described
by physical &
human characteristics…

Physical characteristics include
landforms, climate, soil & animal
life

Human characteristics- ex.
Activities, transportation,
religion & language
How would you describe Pittsburgh
as a PLACE?
Interaction
Hilly, rivers,
cool winters,
warm summers
5 themes of
Geography
Tech,ed,med
center, steeler
nation, yinzers
Region
positives
negatives
Adapt
Interaction
People change the
environment
Progress vs hidden costs
 Several
different types
of maps
 Each
has “pros”
and “cons”
 There
are special purpose maps that
show a variety of information

POLITICAL MAPS

PHYSICAL MAPS

Topography
•
Vegetation
•
Natural resources
 Mountains-
vary in elevation,
2000ft+
 Hills-
raised land lower than mts.
 Plains-
large areas of flat or gently
rolling land
 Plateaus-large
areas of high, flat or
rolling land
 Others…
desert, straight, loess, cataract
 Climate Effected
average weather a place has over 20-30 yrs.
by latitude and elevation
 Can have a major effect on people’s lives.

Ex….
Culture- all the things that make up a
people’s entire way of life
 Many
misunderstandings
between people around the world
because we don’t know enough
about each other and our culture.
 Some
examples:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haohj1sVnyk
 US
Military Blunder…COSTLY!
http://india.nydailynews.com/newsarticle/503d02aaee412b2f3c000001/pentagon-findssoldiers-burned-more-than-100-korans
 Culture
and a Super Bowl
Ring???
http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/vladimir-putin-super-bowl-ring-russian-leaderaccused-19418335
GOVERNMENT
RELIGION
ECONOMY
EDUCATION
FAMILY
 Forms
of Government

People form governments to provide for
their common needs

Types:
Democracy
 Republic
 Dictatorship
 Revolutionary
 Totalitarian
 Oligarchy
 Theocracy
 Monarchy
 Anarchy
 Parliamentary
 Presidential

 Types


of Religions:
Monotheism
Polytheism
 Major
world
religions:





Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism

Economic Systems

Four types:



Traditional: people produce what they
need to survive, they produce the same
thing in the same ways as generations
before
Market: individuals decide what is
produced, how it is produced, and who
uses the product
Command: government controls the
economy… what and how thing are made
and who uses them
___________________________________________________

Mixed: Individuals make some economic
decisions, the government makes others
 Through
education
people learn …


Language – important
for communication and
passing on traditions
and beliefs
Arts & Literature- teach
about a culture’s values
and promote cultural
unity and pride

Family is the most impt.
unit of social org.

Nuclear family- husband, wife, children

Extended family- several generations in one
household

Respect for elders for elders is usually strong in extended
families

Patrilineal- children belong to father’s side of family

Matrilineal- children belong to mother’s side of
family

Bilateral- ?
_________________________________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _____ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

Types of marriages


Monogamy
Polygamy
 Polygyny
 Polyandry

VIDEO- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4yjrDSvze0
 ________________________
 ________________________
 ________________________
 Social classes
 Another unit of social
organization

Ranks people in order of
status

What can social class be
based on?






Money
Occupation
Education
Race
Etc.
Open Class Systems vs.
Closed Class System

Norm- Norms refer to the expectations, or
rules of behavior, that develop from our
values.
Ex.- eating 3xs/day, going to school, bathing
daily, using a phone, using electricity
1.
Folkways- sometimes known as
2.
Mores- norms of morality
3.
Taboos- culture absolutely
forbids them
“conventions” or “customs,” are
standards of behavior that are socially
approved but not morally significant
1.
2.
3.
4.
Technology- Inventions
Environment Changes
New Ideas- Social changes
Diffusion: movement of customs and ideas
from one place to another (and ADAPTATION)
movement!!!!
 Ethnocentrism:
judging other cultures
by the standards of
your own

Assuming your own
culture to be the best
 Stereotyping
 Racism:
belief that one
racial group is
naturally superior to
another

Race is a cultural thing.
It does not actually,
physically exist
 Frame
of Reference
 What
is the message of
this cartoon?
 First
people lived more than 2 mil years ago
in Eastern Africa
 “Stone Age”




Chipped rocks to shape tools & weapons
Controlled fire
Developed language
Nomads

Agricultural Revolution

About 10,000 yrs. Ago

2 Major ADVANCES:
 Farm
 Domesticate animals

Where:
 Tigris-Euphrates River in Modern-day Iraq
 Southeast Asia?

Results:
 Tied to the earth


Permanent communities
Could support more people
 All
had:

Governments

Religions

Specialized
skills and
jobs

Social
classes

Record
keeping
The
Muslim World Expands
 1300–1700
A
group of Turks called Ottomans set
up a new empire in what is now modern
Turkey. Farther to the east, the
Safavids arose in modern Iran, where
rulers embraced a special type of Islam
that made them different from their
neighbors. Meanwhile, India saw the
rise of the Mughal Empire as Muslims
created a powerful state there.
African
Kingdoms
 Mali
 Mansa
Musa
 Timbuktu
China



Mongols- nomads
from Central Asia
Set up roads
between china
and the middle
east- Silk Route
Paper, gunpowder
 Europe
 Much
less developed at this
time
 …but this begins to change.
Emergence of Europe
 1300s-1650s

Adopted foreign technologies

Built on ancient learning

Expands overseas
 1700s-1900s

Industrial Revolution

Second Agricultural Revolution

Imperialism

Westernization

Cold War
 Scars

of IMPERIALISM:
Economic and Political instability
 Technological


Revolution
Since WWII and even more so since the 70s. So
many changes in technology…REVOLUTION!
Like industrial revolution- major effect on lives
& societies.
 Communication,
Transportation &
Space
 What technological advancements
have been made in this arena?

What have the effects of this been?

How is MOVEMENT involved
here?
Healthcare
o

What technological advancements have been
made in this arena?

What have the effects of this been?

How is INTERACTION involved here?

Agriculture

What technological
advancements have
been made in this
arena?

What have the effects
of this been?

How is
INTERACTION
involved here?
 Is
this GOOD?
 Or
is this BAD?
are PROBLEMS associated
with Development :
 There
 Population
Explosion
 Urbanization
 Cultural
Change

Which problems of globalization
do each of these illustrate?
 “Silent
Spring”- Rachel Carson

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_Njv5Ygg0g

Pesticides killed insects, but has domino effect on
entire ecosystem & harms humans

Gave rise to ECOLOGY:
the science of the
interactions among
organisms
and their environment
 Dangers
to environment have many sources:

Deforestation

Desertification

Chemical Wastes and disasters

Species loss-
 ______________________
 ______________________
 _______________________
 Sustainable
Development –
"Development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs."