11th Grade English/Language Arts Third Six Weeks: Week 1 Writer: Renee Sena TEKS: 1B, 2A, 2B, 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 25, 26 Objective: The students will analyze the author’s opinion and use of comparisons in a work of transcendentalism to discover how the viewpoints and descriptions influence the author’s tone, diction, and style. The students will create and present a powerpoint showing their evaluation of one of the transcendentalist authors. Overview: This six weeks, students should observe the shift that takes place in literature, from Romanticism to Transcendentalism to Realism. Students should also understand the correlation of events from history, primarily the Civil War, which shapes the themes, tone, and style of writing. Transcendentalism: an American literary and philosophical movement in the nineteenth century; based in New England; believed that intuition and the individual conscience “transcend” experience and thus are better guides to truth than the senses and logical reason; influenced by Romanticism (respect for the individual world and natural world; divinity present everywhere, in nature and in people) Additional pieces of literature that would correlate with the 1800s and civil war and would also serve as good options for self-selected reading during this six weeks include: Across Five Aprils by Irene Hunt Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Up From Slavery by Booker T. Washington The Autobiography of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass Gone With the Wind by Margaret Mitchell Little Women by Louisa May Alcott Cold Mountain by Charles Frazier Essential Questions: What is transcendentalism? How did transcendentalism influence American culture and society? Suggested Lesson Ideas: 1.Emerson and Walden Before reading Read about transcendentalism of pages 360-361 in the Literature Textbook Review academic vocabulary: romanticism, transcendentalism, realism/Literary terms: figurative language, metaphor, simile, analogy, synecdoche, diction, tone, theme, style, allusion/ SAT vocabulary: (from Emerson: perpetual, decorum, tranquil, conviction, chaos, aversion, absolve) (from Thoreau: dilapidated, sublime, superfluous, magnanimity, expedient, alacrity) Journal: “What role does nature play in your life?” During reading Divide students into small groups and assign each group either Emerson’s writing selections or Walden’s writing selections. - Emerson: Nature (pages 366-368), Self-Reliance (pages 369-370), and “Concord Hymn” (page 371) - Thoreau: Walden (pages 378-387) and Civil Disobedience (pages 388-389) Students should use two graphic organizers to collect information while reading. The first is to “Challenge the Text” by collecting textual evidence, explaining the meaning of the evidence, connecting one’s 1 experience or questions, and concluding with a reaction statement to the author’s opinion. The second is to “Find Comparisons” by writing the textual evidence of the comparison, plainly state what the comparison is, and explaining the meaning of the comparison. The teacher can select how many challenges and comparisons to find. Intervention: Use the ancillary material provided in the Reader’s Notebook: Adapted Version to provide struggling students with skills instruction, a summary, and a note-taking guide. After reading Students should discuss general information about the author’s purpose, style, and tone by answering the Critical Reading questions at the end of each piece, using open-ended questions from the ancillary material, or taking an open-book quiz or test as a group. Enrichment: Research and report on other accomplishments of Emerson and Thoreau; they both were active in different ways in society. 2. Media Connection Student small groups should each make a powerpoint on either Emerson or Thoreau. The powerpoint could discuss details of the author’s work including: - Author’s purpose - Writing style - Tone - Diction - Use of rhetorical techniques (esp. metaphor, simile, analogy, allusions, etc.) - Include quotations from the text - Include pictures to enhance the information Before beginning, decide how many slides the presentation should have, what role each member in the group has, and how their presentation is to be graded. Students should each be involved in the presentation in class and show competency of the reading material. Suggested Assessment: Graphic organizers Open-book quizzes and/or tests Powerpoint presentation Resources: Technology for research Prentice Hall Literature Textbook Ancillary material 2 11th Grade English/Language Arts Third Six Weeks: Week 2 Writer: Renee Sena TEKS: 1B, 2A, 2B, 3, 14B, 26 Objective: The students will analyze Dickenson, Whitman, Hughes, and Dunbar poems using the TPCASST method. The students will write a poem using the style of Emily Dickenson. Overview: The poetry terms for this short unit can be found on pages 404-405 of the Literature Textbook. Besides listing and describing the different types of poems (lyric, concrete, dramatic, narrative, and epic), students could play a matching game to review poetry terms, such as meter, line, stanza, rhyme, foot, sound devices, figurative language, etc. An example of the poetry term could be on one card and the term itself could be on another card. Students would be allowed to use their textbook glossary to assist them in identifying all the matches. Students also need a short review of all the authors they will be reading about: Emily Dickenson (pages 404-406) Walt Whitman (pages 422-423) Langston Hughes (page 635) Paul Lawrence Dunbar (pages 898-900) Essential Questions: How does this poetry reflect society? How are these poets’ styles and backgrounds similar or different? How is the poet’s life reflected in their writing? What is literary criticism and how is it valuable in analyzing a work or a poet? Suggested Lesson Ideas: 1. Emily Dickenson Before reading Review academic vocabulary: sound, syllables, dash, analysis, criticism/Literary terms: meter, line, stanza, narrative poetry, dramatic poetry, lyric poetry, alliteration, consonance, assonance, onomatopoeia, simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron, slant rhyme, exact rhyme, paradox/ SAT vocabulary: surmised, eternity, interposed, affliction, ample, finite, infinity Complete the TP-CASTT method of poetry analysis on the poem “Because I Could Not Stop for Death” (pages 408-409) as an example. Notes or a graphic organizer should accompany the analysis process. During reading Divide the rest of Dickenson’s seven poems up for students to deconstruct and analyze in small groups according to the TP-CASTT method. - “I Heard a Fly Buzz – When I Died” (page 411) - “There’s a Certain Slant of Light” (page 412) - “My Life Closed Twice Before its Close” (page 413) - “The Soul Selects her own Society – “ (page 414) - “The Brain is Wilder than the Sky – “ (page 415) - “There is a Solitude of Space” (page 416) - Water, is taught by thirst” (page 417) Intervention: Struggling readers should receive a copy of the teacher’s TP-CASTT analysis of the poem completed at the beginning of the class as an example. 3 After reading Have students share their analysis with the class, group by group, by selecting one group member from each group to share their notes and thoughts. Read the “Critical Commentary” on pages 419-420 and discuss the role of criticism in evaluating a work of literature. Enrichment: Memorize a poem from Emily Dickenson not found in the literature textbook and recite it for the class. 2. Write a poem in the style of Emily Dickenson Make a list of traits that poems written by Dickenson have. Practice filling in the blanks of a poem she wrote, but with words blanked out. Practice writing a poem of a given number of lines (one stanza) on a selected topic for the whole class. Write a poem on a topic of student choice, no more than three stanzas (12 lines). Have students type and decorate their final poem and attach all their previous poems to the back as a composition for the school year. 3. Walt Whitman Before reading Review academic vocabulary: sound, syllables, analysis, criticism /Literary terms: free verse, long lines, anaphora, diction, onomatopoeia, epic theme/ SAT vocabulary: stirring, abeyance, effuse, bequeath, stealthily, robust Discuss the differences and similarities between Emily Dickenson and Walt Whitman as poets. During reading Divide students up into four groups to each read one or two of Whitman’s poems, and analyze according to the TPCASTT method. - “Leaves of Grass” (pages 426-427) - “Song of Myself” (pages 428-431) - “When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer” (page 432) and “By the Bivouac’s” (page 433) - “I Hear America Singing” (page 435) and “A Noiseless Patient Spider” (page 436) Intervention: Give students a guide for Whitman’s poetry explaining how he uses words with contractions, such as “enamor’d” for “enamored,” how he often implies instead of stating ideas directly, and how he uses pronouns to show who is speaking and to identify antecedents: this, that, these, they, etc. After reading Answer the critical reading questions at the end of each section, and make a small poster of the answers. Read the “Critical Commentary” on page 437 and discuss the answers to questions at the bottom as a class. Enrichment: Write one paragraph of critical commentary on Whitman’s selection(s) read in class. 4. Langston Hughes Before reading Review academic vocabulary: Harlem Renaissance /Literary terms: speaker, multiple themes, perspective/ SAT vocabulary: lulled, dusky, liberty Describe how Hughes technically wrote poetry in a different time period (the 1900s), but his works directly correlate to themes from slavery, and because he is an African American writer, it shows more diversity in poetry. His writing is similar to Whitman and Dickenson in several ways. During reading Divide students up into four groups to each read one of Hughes’s poems, and analyze according to the TPCASTT method. Intervention: Give struggling readers a graphic organizer, which gives the major quotes from the poem that establishes the theme, assisting them in making the connection on this important step in the analysis process. After reading Have each group present their information and fill out a section of a graphic organizer showing how each poem addresses racial identity, pride, and perseverance. Enrichment: Have students analyze the poem and complete the TP-CASTT method on their own for the poem “Harlem,” also known as the “Dream Deferred,” and present their analysis to the class. 4 5. Paul Lawrence Dunbar Before reading Review academic vocabulary: sound, syllables, analysis, criticism /Literary terms: formal verse, Petrarchan sonnet, rhyme scheme/ SAT vocabulary: salient, dissension, stark, guile, myriad Discuss how Dunbar is similar or different to the other three poets reviewed. During reading Read both poems aloud as a class to discover the rhyme scheme of both poems. - “Douglass” (page 637) - “We Wear the Mask” (page 638) Complete TP-CASTT together to discuss similarities and differences of the poems using a Venn Diagram. Intervention: Give students a list of cut up words that appear in both poems and have them group them according to rhyming words before reading. After reading Ask students to complete the critical reading questions of the two poems on their own. Look up a review online of criticism of Dunbar’s work to show both positive and negative reactions to it. Discuss how this information could be used in an analysis essay to support a view about his work overall. Enrichment: Have students create masks to show an outward expression that the poem describes. Suggested Assessment: TP-CASTT analysis notes Poem (Emily Dickenson style) Graphic organizers Posters Answered questions Resources: Prentice Hall Literature Textbook TP-CASTT (poetry analysis) http://www.sdcoe.net/score/things/PDF/TP-CASTT.pdf 5 11th Grade English/Language Arts Third Six Weeks: Week 3 Writer: Renee Sena Objective: The students will brainstorm and plan for the literary analysis essay on a selected poem. The students will write a first draft. The students will revise and edit for lead-ins, embedding, correctly cited quotations, and depth of explanations. The students will produce a final, corrected draft. TEKS: 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D, 13E, 15A, 21A, 21B, 21C, 23D Overview Although correctly analyzing a poem using appropriate descriptions found in the TP-CASTT method for the literary analysis essay is important, the writing process remains the paramount skill to master: prewriting, planning, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing. English 3 students should develop their essays to a length of between 500-700 words and should use MLA format when typing: Times New Roman, 12 point font, double-spaced, 1” margins, etc. The details of a literary analysis essay should be discussed: formal tone, 3rd person point of view (he, she, it, they, them, etc.), use of present tense verbs, use of quotations to support ideas, descriptions that use discussion of literary elements, no contractions, etc. Grammar warm-ups would be an excellent activity to support editing skills. Using one piece of literary criticism found in an online database or in criticism set of a library would be helpful in writing their analysis. Encourage students to stay away from .com sits, including Wikipedia, Sparknotes, etc., possibly mandating them to get their source approved by use. Also, review citing sources and parentheticals according to MLA formatting guidelines. A standardized rubric should be used across grade levels with comparable features to the TAKS essay rubric. It can be as holistic or specific as the department desires, but it should be used for each formal essay evaluation. Essential Questions: Why write about literature? Why is literary criticism helpful in writing a literary analysis essay? How well do you understand the point of view, tone, and theme of your selected poem? Suggested Lesson Ideas: Notes on the Literary analysis essay can be found on pages R18-R23 of the Prentice Hall Literature Textbook and pages 196-216 of the Prentice Hall Grammar Textbook. Brainstorming: Allow students to choose one of the poems read last week from one of the following authors: Emily Dickenson Walt Whitman Langston Hughes Paul Lawrence Dunbar In addition to choosing a poet and poem, remind students that the same prompt applies to any piece: After analyzing a poem according the TP-CASTT method, synthesize the textual evidence and material from one source of criticism to explain your poem’s point of view (and author’s connection or historical context), tone and use of diction, and overall theme (central message). Planning: An outline or other organizational plan should be completed before writing a first draft. Students can even use 1) point of view, 2) tone, 3) theme as the three body paragraph descriptors. 6 Drafting: Students should use their outlines and an example essay to write a first draft Revising & Editing: Separate sessions should be conducted for revising and editing. Revising can focus on evaluating the lead-ins, embedding, and incorporation of quotations. Editing can focus on grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation errors, as well as minilessons (5-10 minute lessons) on removing passive voice, using present tense verbs, varying sentence structure, adding details, being concise, and checking MLA citations, for example. This will give students a hands-on approach to grammar. Many formats can be used to complete these steps: individual revision & edit/peer revision & edit/teacherstudent private conferencing. Ideally, students would produce 2-3 drafts and correct make many types of corrections before producing a final draft. Key Questions to ask about essay: How clearly are the ideas supported with textual evidence? How organized are the topic sentences and thesis? How interesting are your introduction and conclusion? How poignant are your explanations? How correct is your grammar? Publishing: A final draft should be free from all errors and ready for grading. Suggested Assessment: Short grammar quizzes or warm-ups The completed literary analysis essay with all parts of the writing process attached to the back Brainstorming sheet Outline Rough Drafts Resources: Prentice Hall Literature Textbook Prentice Hall Grammar Textbook 7 11th Grade English/Language Arts Third Six Weeks: Week 4 Writer: Renee Sena TEKS: 2A, 2B, 2C, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 14A, 17A Objective: The students will identify the parts of the plot in a short story and analyze the organizational pattern by looking at details of time and place. The students will write a short story in the organization pattern of “An Occurrence at the Owl Creek Bridge.” The students will avoid and fix sentence errors like fragments, comma splices, and run-ons and will be able to identify and use different types of phrases and clauses. Overview The parts of the plot are called: Exposition: introduces the setting, the characters, and the basic situation Inciting Incident: introduces the central conflict Rising Action: events that lead up to the climax Climax: the highest point of interest or suspense Falling Action: events that follow the climax Resolution (also called the Denouement): events or description that ends a story Point of view is also important to understand in a story: 1st person point of view: I, Me, My, Mine 2nd person point of view: You, Your, Yours 3rd person point of view: He, She, It, His, Hers, They, Them, Theirs Limited: the narrator only relates the inner thoughts and feelings of only one character and everything else is viewed from this character’s perspective Omniscient: the narrator knows and tells about what each character feels and thinks “An Occurrence at the Owl Creek Bridge” is written in 3rd person limited point of view (Peyton Farquhar). Essential Questions: What is the relationship between literature and place? How is plot developed in the short story “An Occurrence at the Owl Creek Bridge”? How do organizational patterns affect the telling of a story? Suggested Lesson Ideas: 1. Ambrose Bierce Before reading Review academic vocabulary: romanticism, realism, short story/Literary terms: plot, exposition, inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution, omniscient point of view, limited point of view, third person point of view, stream of consciousness/ SAT vocabulary: etiquette, deference, dictum, summarily, apprised, ineffable Read about Ambrose Bierce on page 497. Review the plot chart and explain how the events of this story can be plotted on the chart, but they will be read out of order. During reading Read the account quietly and independently Fill out a graphic organizer for each section on the textual evidence that refers to the time and key events. Intervention: Struggling readers should receive a copy of teacher notes on the short story and should be encouraged to listen to the audio version during class if possible. After reading Share notes on the graphic organizer about each section. Write a one-paragraph response about how time and place were essential to the development of the story. 8 Enrichment: Make a list of details from the story that seems realistic and a list that seems romantic; write a one-paragraph response explaining whether the short story is more romantic or realistic. 2. Writing a Short Story Students should brainstorm and journal some personal experiences they have had, in which to write a story about. They can be simple experiences, but should rely strongly on the time and place in telling the story. Have students pick one story and plot it out according to the plot chart. Write a rough draft of their short story in the organizational pattern of “An Occurrence at the Owl Creek Bridge.” 3. Grammar Focus Teach students to avoid common sentence errors: fragments, comma splices, and run-ons. - Use the Prentice Hall Grammar Textbook to show examples and to get practice fixing these errors. - Peer edit student short stories for these errors. Also, teach different types of phrases and clauses: (verb [participle], preposition, noun, adverbial, adjectival, appositive, etc.) - Use the Prentice Hall Grammar Textbook to show examples and get practice identifying the types of phrases and clauses. - Self-edit student short stories to identify and include a certain number of phrases and clauses in their short stories. Suggested Assessment: Graphic organizer Plot chart for their short story Short story Grammar minilessons or quizzes Resources: Prentice Hall Literature Textbook Prentice Hall Grammar Textbook Audio version of “An Occurrence at the Owl Creek Bridge” 9 11th Grade English/Language Arts Third Six Weeks: Week 5 Writer: Renee Sena Objective: TEKS: 2A, 2B, 6, 8, 9A, 9C, 9D The students will analyze the tone, diction, and author’s purpose of three civil war figures. Overview: The goal in reading about these three Civil War figures is to show their experiences and influence in society. Sojourner Truth reports on discrimination she has experienced, Frederick Douglass describes his experiences as a slave (who later becomes a key figure that changes society’s view on slavery), and Abraham Lincoln gave his famous Gettysburg address shortly after freeing slaves in the Emancipation Proclamation. About the Author information can be found on: Sojourner Truth (page 553) Frederick Douglass (page 519) Abraham Lincoln (page 537) Essential Questions: How did these Civil War figures shape and influence society? What makes this literature American? Suggested Lesson Ideas: 1. Sojourner Truth Before reading Review academic vocabulary: personal narrative/Literary terms: perspective, author’s purpose, tone/ SAT vocabulary: ascended, assault Define what courage is and give some examples of people you think are courageous and why in one paragraph. Read the background of Sojourner Truth as a class and discuss how she is courageous. During reading Read the text of “An Account of an Experience with Discrimination” aloud as a class. Ask and discuss reading check questions 1-6 on pages 554-556 of Teacher’s Edition of the Prentice Hall Literature Textbook. Intervention: Pre-teach related vocabulary: racial discrimination, desegregation, prejudice, racism, etc. After reading Read the “Contemporary Commentary” on pages 550-551 and answer the thinking about the commentary questions. Enrichment: Take open-book test on the account. 2. Frederick Douglass Before reading Review academic vocabulary: autobiography/Literary terms: author’s purpose/ SAT vocabulary: benevolent, deficient, fervent, opposition, consternation, intolerable Journal: In both his life and his writing, Frederick Douglass argued for freedom and equality. Write a paragraph in which you describe the personal qualities that make someone a strong advocate for a just cause. During reading Take the open-book test while reading. Intervention: Struggling readers should get instruction on how to find the main idea of sentences because Douglass writes long sentences throughout his autobiography. After reading The students could work in groups to discover the author’s purpose by filling out a graphic organizer by 10 listing the events using textual evidence in one box and a description of how it tells the author’s purpose in another box. Enrichment: Read the autobiography of Booker T. Washington in Up From Slavery to contrast Douglass’s and Washington’s experiences as slaves and struggles toward freedom and success. 3. Abraham Lincoln Before reading Review academic vocabulary: political speech, abstract, concrete/Literary terms: diction, rhetorical techniques/SAT vocabulary: consecrate, hallow, virtuous, anarchy Discuss the background information and time/date in relation to the civil war that this speech took place before reading. During reading Read three times aloud in class (make a copy of the speech one which to annotate while reading) - First reading: literal comprehension (write the main ideas of each sentence to the side - Second reading: application of skills (answering the reading skill and vocabulary questions on page 543) - Third reading: interpretation (analyze the diction of the selection, adding notes and connections made to a deeper meaning while reading) Intervention: Struggling readers should receive a copy of the speech already marked, with minimal written notes left to take. After reading Categorize the types of diction used into two categories: abstract and concrete. Take a quiz that is only on the Gettysburg Address in multiple-choice format. Enrichment: Complete a powerpoint on Abraham Lincoln highlighting his background and all the accomplishments of his life. Suggested Assessment: Graphic organizers Selection quizzes and/or tests Annotated notes Journal Powerpoint Resources: Prentice Hall Literature Textbook Ancillary material 11 11th Grade English/Language Arts Third Six Weeks: Week 6 Writer: Renee Sena TEKS: 1E, 6, 8, 9A, 9C. 13A, 13D, 17A Objective: The students will take and pass a TAKS milestone. The students will take and pass a six weeks test. The students will take and pass a semester exam. Overview: Another assessment for TAKS will indicate how well the objectives from this six weeks’ lessons have been mastered and how prepared they are becoming for the EXIT TAKS test. A six weeks test constructed by the teacher may additionally indicate the mastering of specific objectives for pieces of literature, literary elements, academic and SAT vocabulary, grammar, and writing. A semester exam constructed by the teacher may additionally indicate the mastering of specific objectives in a comprehensive way, including all information from the entire semester. Essential Questions: Have you mastered the objectives this six weeks? How well do you understand literature of transcendentalism and the Civil War? How well do you remember what you have learned during the semester? Suggested Lesson Ideas: 1.Six Weeks Test Review The six weeks test review can be a game of jeopardy, with categories including poetry terms, transcendentalism, plot structure, civil war literature, and grammar. The teacher should create the answers and questions on pieces of 8 1/2 “ x 11” paper and tape them to the wall or whiteboard. Students should be divided into groups as teams, switching representatives to “buzz in.” The questions should also closely resemble the test questions. 2.TAKS milestone: The Texas Test Preparation Assessment on pages 682-686 (The expository selection “Brave New World” with multiple choice questions 1-7, the short answer question 8 (Does the author think the experience of working and living in Lowell was positive or negative? Support your answer with evidence from the selection), and the revising and editing selection “Abraham Lincoln” with multiple-choice questions1-4. An optional essay, “Write a composition about what you learning from experiencing something new,” may also be included as a timed writing if desired. 3.Six Weeks Test The teacher-constructed six weeks test could be multiple choice, true-false, matching, fill-in-the-blank with or without a word bank, open-ended, or essay in nature. It would be beneficial for all English 3 teachers to collaborate, create, and use the same assessment to ensure the consistency of assessment and achievement of students. 4. Semester Exam The teacher-constructed semester exam could be multiple choice, true-false, matching, fill-in-the-blank with or without a word bank, open-ended, or essay in nature. It would be beneficial for all English 3 teachers to collaborate, create, and use the same assessment to ensure the consistency of assessment and achievement of students. Teachers may want to discuss the possibility of allowing students to use notes and materials on this test, thereby rewarding students for being organized and keeping up with materials all semester long. 12 Some exemptions from semester exam may be for attendance purposes. Suggested Assessment: The Texas Test Preparation Assessment (pages 682-686) Teacher created six weeks test Teacher created semester exam Resources: Prentice Hall Literature Textbook Teacher Created Material 13 English 3 Checklist Third Six Weeks At the completion of the First Six weeks, the student will be able to: _________ Define transcendentalism, romanticism, and realism _________ Understand and explain the impact of slavery on people and society by giving examples from literature _________ Write a poem in the style of Emily Dickenson _________ Create a powerpoint on a transcendentalist author _________ Correct sentence errors, such as fragments, comma-splices, and run-ons _________ Identify the types of phrases and clauses (verb [participle], preposition, noun, adverbial, adjectival, appositive, etc.) _________ Write a short story from a personal experience with the organization structure of “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” _________ Complete the writing process to create a literary analysis essay on a poem _________ Pass a TAKS Milestone Assessment _________ Pass the Six Weeks Test _________ Pass the Semester Exam 14