The Protestant
Reformation Produces
Puritanism
0 German friar Martin Luther
denounced the Catholic
Church when he nailed his
95 Theses to the door of
Wittenberg’s cathedral in
1517.
0 He declared that the Bible
alone was the source of
God’s word. He started the
“Protestant Reformation.”
The Protestant
Reformation Produces
Puritanism
0 John Calvin of Geneva
elaborated Martin
Luther’s ideas.
0 He spelled out his
basic doctrine in Latin
in 1536, entitled
Institutes of the
Christian Religion.
0 These ideas formed
Calvinism.
The Protestant
Reformation Produces
Puritanism
0 King Henry VIII broke
his ties with the
Roman Catholic
Church in the 1530s,
he formed the Church
of England
The Protestant Reformation
Produces Puritanism
0 There were a few people who wanted to see the
process of taking Catholicism out of England occur
more quickly. These people were called Puritans.
0 A tiny group of Puritans, called Separatists, broke
away from the Church of England.
The Pilgrims End Their
Pilgrimage at Plymouth
0 Separatists leave Holland.
0 Mayflower missed Virginia and
landed near Plymouth Rock in
1620.
0 Captain Myles Standish-Standish
was hired by the Pilgrims to be
their military captain, to
establish and coordinate the
Colony's defense against both
foreign (French, Spanish, Dutch)
and domestic (Native American)
threats.
The Pilgrims
0 Pilgrim leaders signed the Mayflower
Compact.
0 It was a simple agreement to form a
government
0 It was signed by 41 adult males. It was the
first attempt at a government in America.
0 In the Pilgrims’ first winter of 1620-1621, only
44 of the 102 survived
0 Many non-separatist went back to England.
Pilgrims continued
0 1621 - first Thanksgiving Day in
New England. Celebration for
the good autumn harvest.
0 Economy of Plymouth was based
on fur trading, fishing and lumber.
0 William Bradford- elected 30
times as governor of the Pilgrims
in the annual elections
0 He was a self-taught scholar who
read Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French,
and Dutch; Pilgrim leader.
The Bay Colony Bible
Commonwealth
0 1629 Charles I dismissed Parliament
0 An energetic group of non-Separatist Puritans, fearing
for their faith and for England’s future, secured a royal
charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Company.
0 During the Great Migration of the 1630s, about
70,000 refugees left England for America
The Bay Colony Bible
Commonwealth
0 John Winthrop- the Bay
Colony’s first governor served for 19 years.
0 Winthrop wanted to
create a “City Upon a
Hill”
0 Voting and decision
making were left to
members of the church.
The Rhode Island “Sewer”
0 Roger Williamspopular Salem
minister who also
challenged the
Church; an extreme
Separatist; was
banished from the
Massachusetts Bay
Colony.
The Rhode Island “Sewer”
0 Anne Hutchinson- an
intelligent woman
who challenged the
Puritan orthodoxy;
was banished from
the Massachusetts
Bay Colony because of
her challenges to the
Church.
New England Spreads Out
0 Hartford and Connecticut were founded in 1635. Boston
Puritans poured into the Hartford area led by Reverend
Thomas Hooker.
0 In 1639, settlers of the Connecticut River colony drafted
the Fundamental Orders. It was a basic constitution.
0 New Haven, CT was established in 1638.
0 Part of Maine was purchased by Massachusetts Bay in
1677 from the Sir Ferdinando Gorges heirs.
Puritans versus Indians
0 The Wampanoag chieftain, Massasoit, signed a treaty with
the Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621.
0 In 1637, hostilities exploded between the English settlers
and the powerful Pequot tribe.
0 The English annihilated the Pequot tribe
0 In 1675, Massasoit’s son, Metacom, also called King Philip,
launched a series of attacks and raids against the colonists
towns. The war ended in 1676.
Seeds of Colonial Unity and
Independence
0 1643 - 4 colonies
banded together to
form the New
England
Confederation for
defense
0 only Puritan colonies
0 Each colony had 2
votes, regardless of
size.
Edmund Andros
0 In 1686, the Dominion of
New England was created
by royal authority
0 In 1688, it was expanded
to New York and East and
West Jersey
0 The leader of the Dominion
of New England was Sir
Edmund Andros
0 His headquarters were in
Puritanical Boston
William and Mary
0 Andros stopped the town meetings; laid heavy
restrictions on the courts, the press, and
schools; and revoked all land titles.
0 In 1688-1689, England engineered the
Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution. They
dethroned Catholic James II and enthroned
the Protestant rulers of the Netherlands, the
Dutch-born William III and his English wife,
Mary, daughter of James II.
Old Netherlands at New
Netherlands
0 The Dutch won their
independence from
Spain in the late 16th
century
0 The Dutch Republic
became a leading
colonial power, with
by far its greatest
activity in the East
Indies in the 17th c.
The Dutch New Netherland
0 The Dutch East India Company was nearly a state
within a state and at one time supported an army of
10,000 men and a fleet of 190 ships, 40 of them menof-war
Henry Hudson
0 Hired by the Dutch East
India Company to seek
riches
0 Sailed into the Delaware
Bay and New York Bay
in 1609 and then
ascended the Hudson
River. He filed a Dutch
claim to a wooded and
watered area
The Dutch in the New World
0 1623-1624 - the Dutch West India Company
established New Netherland in the Hudson River
area.
0 It was made for quick-profit fur trade. The
company also purchased Manhattan Island from
the Indians for worthless trinkets. The island
encompassed 22,000 acres.
0 New Amsterdam, later New York City, was a
company town. The Dutch abused the local
Quakers terribly.
New Amsterdam Ends
0 1664 - the Dutch were forced
to surrender to the English
when a strong English
squadron appeared off the
coast of New Amsterdam.
0 New Amsterdam was
renamed New York, after the
Duke of York.
Pennsylvania (again)
0 Quakers began their
religious dissent in
the mid-1600s in
England
0 Religious Society of
Friends
0 They refused to
support the Church of
England with taxes
William Penn
Pennsylvania
0 The Quakers treated the Indians very well.
0 Many immigrants came to Pennsylvania seeking
religious freedom
0 By 1700, Pennsylvania surpassed all but
Massachusetts and Virginia as the most populous
and wealthy colony
0 In 1664, New Jersey was formed when two noble
proprietors received the area from the Duke of York
The Middle Colonies
0 New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania
make up the Middle Colonies
0 They were known as the “bread colonies” because of
their heavy exports of grain.
0 These colonies were more ethnically mixed than any
of the other colonies
0 Religious tolerance was a characteristic of the Middle
Colonies