Zoologist: _____________________________Period: ________
Kingdom: ANIMALIA
Phylum: CHORDATA
General Characteristic: _______________________
Class:
Agnatha
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Class:
Osteichthyes
Class:
Amphibia
Class:
Reptilia
Class:
Aves
Class:
Mammalia
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Point and Non-point Source Pollution:
Point Source Pollution – pollution coming from a
direct source (you can point at it)
Non-Point Source Pollution – pollution coming
from run-off (fertilizers, road salt, etc.)
HEALTH OF A STREAM: WHY IT MATTERS.
So far this year, you have learned that all
things are connected in an ecosystem. One
organisms life affects other organisms. We
have discussed food webs and determined
that even the most annoying organism is
needed in an ecosystem for a reason. If
there is a lot of pollution, that kills
organisms, the entire ecosystem is at risk.
ACTIVITY:
Use the handout given in class to record and
analyze your data
Today in class, your activity will be to
determine the health of 3 local streams by
identifying the organisms in that stream.
The 3 local streams are:
A – A small tributary of the Conestoga River
– located in a wooded area.
B – the Conestoga River that flows through
our school district
C – The Susquehanna River
Activities:
2
Macroinvertebrate search
Classes:
I.
Agnatha
-
Jawless fish (no jaw)
Suction mouth with teeth to hold prey
Found in freshwater and seawater
Believed to be the first (“oldest”) of the vertebrate species
II.
Chondrichthyes
-
Sharks, Rays, Skates
Animals with cartilage instead of Bone skeletons
Specialized rows of teeth
Scales
Body plans adapted for powerful swimming
Live in Freshwater and Seawater
III.
-
Osteichthyes
Most of world’s fishes are bony fish
Have skeletons made of bone
Many have streamlined body plans adapted for fast swimming
Found in Freshwater and Seawater
Characteristics:
-
External Fertilization – female releases eggs and male
fertilizes them with sperm in open water
-
Survival of the fittest - many eggs get eaten by predators –
only a few survive, hatch, and must survive without the help of
mom and dad. An exception to every rule: Seahorse fathers
carry the young in a pouch.
-
Overfishing has caused many species of fish to decline in
population.
Fish Fun Facts:
-
Most fish swim horizontally. The only fish to swim vertically is
the seahorse!
-
The larges fish in the world is the Whale Shark – up to 50
feet long! The smallest fish is the goby – growing up to a half
inch big.
-
Fish can live all over the world’s waterways, even in the
Antartic waters – they have a chemical in their blood that
works like antifreeze
3
 Agnatha
 Osteichthyes
 Chondrichthyes
LIFE CYCLE
A. Eggs are moist – not hard
B. Need to lay eggs in water.
C. Tadpole frogs develop 3 chambered heart.
D. Label the life cycle: Use these terms:
Eggs, Tadpole, Tadpole frog,Young frog, Adult frog
Do frogs have INTERNAL or EXTERNAL Fertilization? explain
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
How do the tadpoles breathe?
___________________________________
How do the adults breathe?
___________________________________
HOW ARE AMPHIBIANS AN INDICATOR SPECIES?
An indicator species is an organism whose presence, absence, or abundance
reflects a specific environmental condition.
SAY WHAT? Put the definition in your own words:
4
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_
CHARACTERISTICS:


Most lay their eggs in _________________.
Spend part of their lives in water and part of their lives on
land. (“Amphibian” in Greek means water and land)
 Ectotherms (Cold-blooded)
 Moist eggs – not hard
CLASS:
 AMPHIBIA
3 TYPES
Salamanders and
Newts
Frogs and Toads
Do not have tails
throughout life
Have a tail for their entire
lives
Caecilians
Do not have legs
Look similar to earthworms
What is the difference between a frog and a toad?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITIES:
-
5
Label life cycle of frog
The Vanishing Frog – Indicator Species (video on Chitrid Fungus)
Computer Dissection and Body Systems
Frog Dissection (see end of packet)
A Tiny Turtle in Danger of Disappearing! Read the information (handout) on the bog turtle and
answer the questions below.
1. What does hibernation mean? ___________________________________________________________
2. Why do animals hibernate? _____________________________________________________________
3. What is the rarest and one of the smallest turtles in North America? ____________________
4. Why does the turtle have to gather “solar energy”? ________________________________________
5. At what age can a bog turtle mate? _______________________________________________________
a. Why may this affect the population of turtles? _____________________________________
6. What does it mean to be an endangered animal? _____________________________________________
7. List 3 reasons why the bog turtle is disappearing in Pennsylvania, behind each reason cite examples from the text.
a. _____________________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________________________________________
SAVE THE BOG TURTLE!
Bog – A wetland that consists of a wet spongy ground full of peat (dead plant
matter)
Marsh – A wetland that consists of grasses and reeds rather than trees
Swamp – A wetland that consists of trees (forest areas that are flooded)
Limiting Factors – any resource or factor that will limit the growth of a population
Activity: You will either be a bog turtle trying to save your species, or a limiting
factor trying to decrease the turtle population.
- Turtles start in Nest Zone
- Limiting factors start in Bog Zone and must remain in Bog Zone for game.
- Turtles need to enter Bog Zone and move from the Mud Hole to the
Stream Zone to gather tokens. Turtles must gather 6 tokens (eggs) to
reproduce. Turtles may only gather one token at a time.
- Turtles can enter the Vegetation Zone. There can only be 3 turtles in the
vegetation zone at one time.
- The limiting factors will tag a turtle. When the turtle is tagged, he/she
must give one token (egg) to the limiting factor. When the limiting factor
has collected 3 tokens they can take them to the Dead Zone.
- When turtles have 6 tokens, they return to the nest zone to carry on their
species. If a turtle LOSES all tokens he/she must become the shopping
mall (which spans across the nest zone).
6
Taxonomy:
CHARACTERISTICS:
-
ECTOTHERM (cold-blooded)
SCALES AND CLAWS
REPRODUCE WITH EGGS THAT ARE HARD
1. Order Squamata – lizards and snakes
2. Order Testudines – turtles and tortoises
3. Order Crocodilia – crocodile and alligators
Habitat:
Reptiles live mainly on dry land; however,
some reptiles do live in water. It is not
necessary for reproduction.
Reptiles are more numerous in desert or
warm locations.
Reproduction:
Food:
Internal fertilization – occurs inside the
females body.
Reptiles swallow their food whole! Their
teeth are only used for holding/killing prey!
She then lays eggs that are hard on land.
Some snakes give birth to live young (eggs
develop and hatch inside mom) like the
adder.
Bizarre Facts on Reptiles

The deadliest snake is not the most poisonous. The black mamba
is far more poisonous than the king cobra. The king cobra kills
more people on average.

A chameleon’s color change is due to outside temperature, light
and its emotion; not its background.

Crocodiles swallow large rocks to help them digest their food as
well as help them dive deeper in the water.

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Antarctica is the only continent with no reptiles.
Class:
 Reptilia
1.
TAXONOMY:
1. Order Passeriformes- examples _________________________
3.
2.
2. Order Anseriformes – examples _________________________
3. Order Piciformes – examples ___________________________
4. Order Charadriformes – examples _______________________
4.
5. Order Falconiformes – examples ________________________
6. Order Strigiformes – examples __________________________
7. Order Ciconiformes – examples ________________________
5.
6.
7.
Bird Behavior:
-
Migration: ______________________________________________________
Kill Deer: Distract nest predation by pretending to _________________________
Brown-headed Cowbird: Place their __________ in other bird’s nests!
SAY WHAT?
Listen to these bird songs and calls: Place a number next to the bird you
believe is calling/singing.
8
____ American Crow
____ Northern Cardinal
____ Eastern
Screech Owl
____ House
Wren
____ Cowbird
____ Red-tailed hawk
____ American Robin
____ Black-capped chickadee
____ Great Horned Owl
____ American Goldfinch
____Red-winged blackbird
____Mockingbird
____ Catbird
____ Killdeer
____ Eastern Wood-Peewee
____ Pileated woodpecker
____ Mourning dove
ADAPTATIONS:
BIRDS ARE:
-
ENDOTHERMS - _________________________________________________________
-
BIPEDAL - ______________________________________________________________
-
EGGS ARE ______________________________________________________________
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION:
ALL BIRDS HAVE: wings,feathers, and beaks
A. WINGS for flight –
a. Bones - _________________________
b. Digestive System:_________________
c. Respiratory System: _______________
d. Reproductive System: ______________
*The muscles used for flight make up 35% of bird’s
bodyweight.*
B. FEATHERS: 2 specific types
1. Flight feathers – stiff and longer; used for flights
2. Down feathers – soft and fluffy; keep the bird warm
How do birds keep them clean? _______________________
C. BEAKS – Birds don’t have teeth, so how do they chew their food?
____________________________________
-
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Adapted for the type of food they eat.
What would a beak look
like if the bird ate meat?
Draw it below:
Class
 Aves
To be an expert Mammalogist, you will need to use the webquest below to find
out more information on these extraordinary animals!
Go to my wiki (hess.wiki.cvsd.k12.pa.us). Click on Vertebrates. Scroll down to Today’s date.
Click on Webquest. Follow the directions to learn about mammals!
1. Society of Mammalogist: Using my wiki, click on the link
A. What are the 3 physical characteristics of all mammals? ___________________,
___________________, ________________________
2. Put it to the test: using my wiki, click on the link
A. Click on “What makes a mammal”? Use the mouse to drag mammals into the family reunion.
a. Which two animals were not included in the family reunion? _______________ and
________________________.
b. Why were these animals not included?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
B. Click on the small tab at the top “Hair & Fur”
a. What does hair/fur do for mammals? ______________________, ___________________,
_________________________, ______________________
b. How does the fur/hair help each of the animals (drag the magnifying glass over each animal)
i. Porcupine: ____________________________________________________________
ii. Walrus: ______________________________________________________________
iii. Chinchilla: ____________________________________________________________
iv. River Otter: ___________________________________________________________
v. Clouded Leopard: ______________________________________________________
c.
Click on the small tab at the top “Special Earbones”. Read the information and drag the
slider to find out how mammal ears are different than other organisms.
d.
Click on the small tab at the top “Mammary Glands”. All female mammals can produce milk
through mammary glands. Match up the bottles to the animals. Read about each mammal
and why the milk is different.
e.Click on the small tab at the top “Blood”. Drag the day/night bar and compare the
reptile to the mammal’s body temperature.
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i.
The Fennec Fox is called an ENDOTHERM (warm-blooded). What does “Endotherm”
mean? ______________________________________________________________
ii.
The Desert Lizard is called an ECTOTHERM (cold-blooded). What does “Ectotherm”
mean? _____________________________________________________________
C. 3 types of Mammals – Using my wiki, click on the link
a. Scroll to the middle of the page: Click on the Monotremata icon. Answer the questions
below:
i. What are the 5 known monotremes: _______________ and the ______________
ii. Where do they live? ____________________ and ________________________
iii. How do monotremes reproduce? ____________________________________
b. Click the Back Arrow to the main page. Click on the Marsupalia icon.
i. Marsupials are also known as ____________________. Give an example of an
animal with a pouch: ____________________.
ii. The Gestation period, is the time the fetus is developing inside the placenta from
fertilization to birth. Explain why marsupials have a shorter gestation period than
placental mammals.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
iii. There are marsupials in our backyard!
1. What is the Scientific name of it? _____________________________ . What
is the common name? _______________
c. Click the Back Arrow to the main page. Click on the Eutheria icon.
i. Placental mammals give birth to LIVE young. The young get nutrients in the uterus
of the mother through an organ called the ________________________.
ii. Give 3 examples of placental mammals: ___________________,
__________________, __________________.
D. In REVIEW:
A. The 3 types of mammals are: _______________, ________________, ______________
B. What is the difference between each of the types of mammals?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
The amazing mouse maze!
We will test the idea that Mammals have more
advanced brains by answering the question: Does a
mouse have a memory? Check out the handout from
class for more information.
11
Class
Mammalia
II. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
A. Young breathe with gills.
B. Most adults breathe with lungs.
C. Skin, like the cell membrane, is permeable - ___________________________________________
**THINK AND WRITE: The blood carries oxygen to all of our cells.
When we breathe, how does the oxygen get in the blood stream?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
III. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
A. Movement of blood throughout the body
B. Lungs oxygenate the blood (carbon dioxide is removed)
HUMAN
FROG

_____ chambered heart
o Two ventricles, two atria
 Very efficient – no mixing of blood
LABEL CHAMBERS AND BLOOD:
From
:
T
O
Going to LUNGS
Coming from lungs
From:
12

____ chambered heart
o Two atria and one ventricle
 Not as efficient – some mixing of
oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood
LABEL CHAMBERS AND BLOOD:
IV. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Fill in flow chart:
Mouth – food enters (1st step in digestion)
Gullet – tube leading down
Esophagus – tube leading down
Stomach – break down of food
Small intestine – major point of digestion and absorption of nutrients
Large intestine – water absorption
Cloaca – waste exits
Accessory organs:
A. Liver – makes bile (emulsifies fat)
B. Gall bladder – stores bile
C. Pancreas – secretes enzymes to digest food
THINK AND WRITE:
1. What is an enzyme?
________________________________________________
2. The waste enters the cloaca and then exits the body.
What is the system that handles
waste called? __________________________________
V. EXCRETORY SYSTEM
A. KIDNEYS filter the blood and remove toxins. These toxins known as UREA, travel down the URETER into the
BLADDER. From the bladder, the URINE exits the body via the CLOACA.
**THINK AND WRITE:
FILL IN DIAGRAM:
1. How do the kidneys help
Kidneys
maintain homeostasis? (stable environment)
Toxic blood from body
___________________________________
_________________________________
Clean blood to body
Ureter
Bladder
Cloaca
13
2. How does the body control its use of
water by the amount of urine it produces?
Dehydrated:_________________________
__________________________________
Hydrated:___________________________
__________________________________Frog
Dissection
14