QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Oculesics
Study of eye
communication
How is eye contact used?
What’s it mean?
to monitor feedback (What do you think?)
secure attention w/ larger groups (like in
speeches)
regulate or control a conversation
(teacher/student)
establish relationship (when you like
someone you increase eye contact)
visual dominance (like animals)
shorten distances (brings us closer together)
Eye Avoidance
How is eye avoidance used? What does it
mean?
–to maintain privacy
–block stimuli (bad sound/close
eyes, other good sense/close eyes
to heighten other senses-music)
–lack of interest
Pupil Dilation
enlarge when
interested or
emotionally
aroused (such as
when you like
someone or thing)
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompress ed) dec ompres sor
are needed to s ee this pic ture.
Belladonna
Qui ckTime™ and a
TIFF (U ncompr essed) decompressor
are needed to see thi s pi cture.
15-16 Cent. Italian women put drops of
belladonna into eyes to enlarge pupils,
thought to be more attractive
1975 study: 2 photos, one large pupils, one
small pupils, men asked to describe- women
w/ small pupils=cold, hard, selfish; women w/
large pupils=feminine, soft
Why do women use so much eyeliner,
mascara, etc? To enlarge eyes
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompress ed) dec ompres sor
are needed to s ee this pic ture.
Oculesics Practice
Eye contact
around the room
Look at each person
for several seconds
Scan from one side
to the other
Raise your hand
Staring contest
Find a partner &
move to see them
1st, you can blink
2nd, you cannot
blink
What happens biologically
when we speak?
Diagram
Check if you’re breathing
correctly
Paralanguage
The way in which you say words;
volume, pitch, speaking rate, voice quality
Volume
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (U ncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see t his picture.
How loudly
or softly you
are speaking
When might you speak
loudly?
Softly?
Speaking
Rate/Pace
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (U ncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see t his picture.
How fast or
slow you are
speaking
When might you speak
fast?
slow?
Pitch
How high or low the sounds
of your voice are
When do you speak with a high pitch?
Low?
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (U ncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see t his picture.
Chart of Feelings
Do write this down.
Feeling
Volume Pace
Pitch
Anger
Loud
Fast
High
Joy
Loud
Fast
High
Sadness
Soft
Slow
Low
Voice Quality
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
What makes people
able to recognize
you by your voice
alone
Ex: on the phone
Who has a distinct voice?
Arnold Schwarzenegger? Mr. H?
Bush?
Stress
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (U ncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see t his picture.
Volume & pitch;
the amount of
emphasis you
place on different
words in a
sentence.
Stress Examples:
How does meaning change
in the following sentence by stressing different words?
I like him very much.
Meaning: You like him, not the other person.
I like him very much.
Meaning: It is that guy you like, not someone
else.
I like him very much.
Meaning: You have very strong feelings.
More Examples:
How does meaning change in
the following sentence by stressing different words?
She’s giving this money to me.
Meaning: SHE is the one giving the money, nobody else.
She’s giving this money to me.
Meaning: She is GIVING, not lending.
She’s giving this money to me.
Meaning: MONEY is being exchanged, not anything
else.
She’s giving this money to me.
Meaning: I am getting the money, nobody else.
10 Volunteers are needed to number off
and remember their number.
There will be a series of sentences.
The odd numbers will say the sentences
as a praise.
The even numbers will say the sentences
as a criticism.
Praise (odd #s) vs. Critisism (even #s)
That looks good on you.
#1 say the sentence as a praise. Think
about which words you stress for the
meaning and if your pitch is high/low.
Answer: That looks good (high pitch) on
you.
#2 say the sentence as a criticism.
Answer: That (low) looks good on you.
That was some meal.
#3 say the sentence as a praise.
Think about which words you stress
for the meaning and if your pitch is
high/low.
Answer: That was some meal (high).
#4 say the sentence as a criticism.
Answer: That was some meal (low) .
Or
That (low) was some meal.
You’re an expert.
#5 say the sentence as a praise.
Think about which words you stress
for the meaning and if your pitch is
high/low.
Answer: You’re (high) an expert (high).
#6 say the sentence as a criticism.
Answer: You’re an expert (low).
You’re so sensitive.
#7 say the sentence as a praise.
Think about which words you stress
for the meaning and if your pitch is
high/low.
Answer: You’re so sensitive (high).
#8 say the sentence as a criticism.
Answer: You’re so (low) sensitive.
Are you ready?
#9 say the sentence as a praise.
Think about which words you stress
for the meaning and if your pitch is
high/low.
Answer: Are you ready (high)?
#10 say the sentence as a criticism.
Answer: Are you (low) ready (high)?
Proxemics
The study of spatial
communication
Four Distances depending on the type of
encounter and the nature of the relationship
Relationship Distance
Typical
Situation
Intimate Distance: 0-18 inches
Situations: Giving comfort or aid,
whispering, conversing w/ close friends and
family, kissing
We are easily stimulated in this distance, but
often easily uncomfortable.
EX: personal space. Who do we let in it?
Personal Distance: 18 inches-4 feet
Situations: Talking w/ friends or business
associates, instructing in a sport, other
students in class
We’re mostly in this distance.
If you decrease to intimate in this distance
people feel uncomfortable, but if you increase
your distance people feel rejected.
Social Distance: 4 ft - 12 ft
Situations: Discussing impersonal or
business matters w/ someone in
authority, taking part in a small group
discussion
Public Distance: 12 ft - 25 ft
Situations: Public speaking, teaching a
class, leading a pep rally, fans in the
stands at a game, people waiting in a
lobby
Mostly with strangers we do not want to
interact with
Factors Influencing Distance
Based on research of Burgoon,
Buller, and Woodall (1995)
Age
Distance increases with age
People maintain closer
distances with peers than with
persons much older or younger
Personality
Introverts and highly
anxious people maintain
greater distances than do
extroverts
Relational
Persons more familiar with each
other maintain shorter distances
Persons maintain shorter distances
with those they like
The greater the status difference,
the greater the difference
Context
The more formal the situation, the
greater the distance
Shorter distances are maintained
for cooperative tasks than for
competitive tasks
The greater the space, the shorter
the distance
Gender
Women sit and stand closer to
each other than do men in
same-sex dyads
People approach women more
closely than they approach men
Conclusions
Based on the four types of distances
and their examples, what can you
conclude about the correlation
between the distance people have
with you and what that might
mean?
The closer the more they like you; the
farther away the less personal.
Haptics
The study of touch
communication
5 reasons we touch:
1. Positive emotions
support, appreciation, inclusion,
sexual interest, and affection
Communicates composure,
affection, trust
2. Playfulness
Tells the other person not to
take them seriously
EX: tag, slap on the back
3. Control
touch controls another person’s
behaviors, attitudes, feelings
EX: “move over,” “hurry,” “stay
there”
4. Ritualistic
greetings and departures
EX: shaking hands, kiss, hug,
or put arm on shoulder
5. Task-related
Touch for a task
EX: removing of a hair on other’s
shirt, checking fore-head for a fever
Customers gave larger tips when
lightly touched by waitress (Marsh
1988)
Review 5 reasons for touch
1.Positive emotions
2.Playfulness
3.Control
4.Ritualistic
5.Task-related