Introduction to Routing IPv6
Rick Graziani
Computer Networking Instructor
Cabrillo College
Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada
© 2011 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.
1
IPv6: The Protocol
Review from
Introduction to IPv6
IPv4
Version IHL
Type of
Service
Identification
Time to Live
Total Length
IPv6
Version
Flags
Protocol
Fragment
Offset
Header Checksum
Traffic
Class
Payload Length
Flow Label
Next
Header
Hop Limit
Source Address
Destination Address
Legend
Options
Padding
Source Address
Field’s Name Kept from IPv4 to IPv6
Fields Not Kept in IPv6
Name and Position Changed in IPv6
Destination Address
New Field in IPv6
 Many important differences including:
 Larger Address Space
 Use of Neighbor Discovery Protocol for discovery of prefix, prefix length, default gateway,
duplicate address detection, and MAC address resolution.
 Automatic address configuration without using DHCP (DHCPv6 is still an option)
 No en route fragmentation: only the source node can fragment
 Increased default MTU
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One Hex digit
= 4 bits
 128-bit IPv6 addresses are represented in:
 Eight 16-bit segments
 Hexadecimal (non-case sensitive) between 0000 and FFFF
 Separated by colons
 Example:
3ffe:1944:0100:000a:0000:00bc:2500:0d0b
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 Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses.
 The first rule is:
 The leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written.
 Example
3ffe : 1944 : 0100 : 000a : 0000 : 00bc : 2500 : 0d0b
3ffe : 1944 :
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100 :
a :
0 :
bc : 2500 :
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d0b
5
 The second rule can reduce this address even further:
 Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments
consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon.
ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0005
ff02 :
0 :
0 :
0 :
0 :
0 :
ff02 :
0 :
5
:
5
ff02::5
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6
 IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified
by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount.
255.255.255.0
or /24
 IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length).
 Prefix length notation:
3ffe:1944:100:a::/64
16
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32
48
64 bits
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7
 All zeroes IPv6 address can be written with a double colon ::
 There are two cases where an all-zeroes address is used.
1. Default address, address is all zeroes and the prefix length is zero:
::/0
2. Unspecified address, which is used in some Neighbor Discovery Protocol
procedures (later).
 An unspecified address is a filler, indicating the absence of a real IPv6
address.
 When writing an unspecified address, it is differentiated from a default
address by its prefix length:
::/128
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 Equivalent to 127.0.0.1 in IPv4
 This address is used when a host talks to itself.
 Loopback or Local Host Address
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1/128
or
::1/128
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 In IPv6, a link is a network medium over which network nodes
communicate using the link layer.
 Interface identifiers (IDs) in IPv6 addresses:
 Used to identify a unique interface on a link
 Thought of as the “host portion” of an IPv6 address.
 64 bits: To support both 48 bit and 64 bit IEEE MAC addresses
 Required to be unique on a link
 Subnets using auto addressing must be /64s.
 There may be an option for DHCP and static subnets.
 Static or Dynamic (next)
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Example coming soon!
Determined from Neighbor Discovery Router
Advertisement (autoconfig) or statically (eui-64)
3BA7:94FF:FE07:CBD0
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 The three types of IPv6 address follow:
 1. Unicast
 Global Unicast
 Globally unique
 Routed globally with no modification
 Link Local Unicast
 Unique Local Address
 2. Multicast
 3. Anycast
 Unlike IPv4, there is no IPv6 broadcast address.
 There is, however, an "all nodes" multicast address, which serves
essentially the same purpose as a broadcast address.
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12
http://www.ripe.net/lir-services/resourcemanagement/ipv6/ipv6-address-types
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13
Prefix
Designation and Explanation
IPv4 Equivalent
2000::/3
Global Unicast
Other than the exceptions
documented in this table, the
operators of networks using these
addresses can be found using the
No equivalent single
block
Whois servers of the RIRs listed in
the registry at:
http://www.iana.org/assignments/
ipv6-unicast-addressassignments
ff00::/8
Example:
ff01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
Multicast
These addresses are used to
identify multicast groups.
224.0.0.0/4
They should only be used as
destination addresses, never as
source addresses.
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14
Prefix
Designation and Explanation
IPv4 Equivalent
fe80::/10
Link-Local Addresses
These addresses are used on a
single link or a non-routed common
access network, such as an
Ethernet LAN.
169.254.0.0/16
Example:
fe80::200:5aee:fea
a:20a2
They do not need to be unique
outside of that link.
Link-local addresses may appear
as the source or destination of an
IPv6 packet.
Routers must not forward IPv6
packets if the source or destination
contains a link-local address.
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15
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16
2340:1111:AAAA::/48
 A typical IPv6 site prefix will be /48
 This creates a 16 bit subnet part of the address structure
 Allows for 216, or 65,536, subnets!
 There are no concerns about needing an all 0’s or all 1’s subnet in IPv6!
 64 bit host field allows for 264 hosts per subnet.
 More than 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 addresses per subnet.
 Allows of the automatic IPv6 address assignment features to work well
(later).
17
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/64
 4 specific subnets to be used inside Company1:
2340:1111:AAAA:0001::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0002::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0003::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0004::/64
 Note: A valid abbreviation is to remove the 3 leading 0’s from the first
shown quartet.
2340:1111:AAAA:1::/64
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18
ripe.net/training/material/IPv6-for-LIRs-Training.../IPv6_addr_plan4.pdf
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19
Routing IPv6
 Exactly the same as IPv4 routing protocols only different.
 We will only discuss the first three:
 IPv6 Static routes
 OSPFv3 (defined in RFC 5340, OSPF for IPv6)
 EIGRP for IPv6
 RIP next generation (RIPng) (defined in RFC 2080, RIPng for IPv6)
 Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 (MP-BGP4 or
MBGP) (defined in RFC 2545, Use of BGP-4 Multiprotocol
Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing, and RFC 4760,
Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4)
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21
Interface Configuration
2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64
Fa0/0
S0/0/0
2340:1111:AAAA:0A0
1::/64
DCE
S0/0/0
Using /64’s on Point-toPoint serial links just for
simplicity
DCE
S0/0/1
2340:1111:AAAA:0A02
::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0B01
::/64
S0/0/1
2340:1111:AAAA:0A
03::/64
S0/0/1
DCE
S0/1/0
DCE
S0/0/0
DCE
S0/1/1
Fa0/0
2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64
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Fa0/0
S0/0/0
S0/0/1
2340:1111:AAAA:0B0 Fa0/0
2::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0103::/64
4444:0000:0000:4001::/64
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23
R1(config)# ipv6 router rip luigi
% IPv6 routing not enabled
R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
R1(config)# ipv6 router rip luigi
R1(config-rtr)#
 ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command
 Enables IPv6 routing
 Required before any ipv6 routing protocol can be configured
 Note: We will not be discussing RIPng (RIP for IPv6)
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R1(config)# line con 0
R1(config-line)# logging synchronous
R1(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0
R1(config-line)# exit
R1(config)# no ip domain-lookup
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ipv6 unicast-routing
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/64
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1/64
clock rate 64000
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1/64
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ipv6 unicast-routing
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:102::1/64
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2/64
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::1/64
clock rate 64000
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ipv6 unicast-routing
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:103::1/64
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::2/64
clock rate 64000
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::2/64
!
interface Serial0/1/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::1/64
clock rate 64000
!
interface Serial0/1/1
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::1/64
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clock
64000
28
ipv6 unicast-routing
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 4444:0:0:4001::1/64
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::2/64
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::2/64
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R1# show ip inter brief
Interface
FastEthernet0/0
FastEthernet0/1
Serial0/0/0
Serial0/0/1
R1#
IP-Address
unassigned
unassigned
unassigned
unassigned
OK?
YES
YES
YES
YES
Method
unset
unset
unset
unset
Status
Protocol
up
up
administratively down down
up
up
up
up
R1# show ipv6 inter brief
FastEthernet0/0
[up/up]
FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1
FastEthernet0/1
[administratively down/down]
Serial0/0/0
[up/up]
FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
Serial0/0/1
[up/up]
FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1
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R1#
30
R1 #ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2, timeout is 2
seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
R1#
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R1# debug ipv6 packet
IPv6 unicast packet debugging is on
R1# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2, timeout is 2
seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
R1#
*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: IPv6: SAS picked source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 for
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0)
*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: IPV6: source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 (local)
*Jun 19 16:19:13.181:
dest 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0)
*Jun 19 16:19:13.181:
traffic class 0, flow 0x0, len 100+0, prot 58,
hops 64, originating
ICMPv6
Jun 19 16:19:13.241: IPV6: source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0)
*Jun 19 16:19:13.241:
dest 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
*Jun 19 16:19:13.241:
traffic class 0, flow 0x0, len 100+4, prot 58,
hops 64, forward to ulp
R1# un all
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R1# show ipv6 inter brief
FastEthernet0/0
[up/up]
FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1
FastEthernet0/1
[administratively down/down]
Serial0/0/0
[up/up]
FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
Serial0/0/1
[up/up]
FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1
R1#
 Scope is confined to a single link.
 Uniqueness is assured only on one link.
 Not routable off the link
 Device can determine its own link local IPv6 address without needing to communicate
with any other device
 Ethernet link-local address uses MAC-address (EUI-64) for Interface ID
 Considered best practice to statically configure link local address (Interface ID) on serial
interfaces
(later).
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R1# show inter fa 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is MV96340 Ethernet, address is 001b.0cc2.82d8 (bia 001b.0cc2.82d8)
<output omitted for brevity>
R1# show ipv6 inter fa 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
No Virtual link-local address(es):
Global unicast address(es):
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, subnet is 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64
<output omitted for brevity>
48 bit MAC Address:
0
0
0000 0000
0000 0000 0001 1011
0000 0010 0001 1011
0
2
1
b
001b.0cc2.82d8
1
b
. 0
c
c
2
. 8
2
d
8
0001 1011 . 0000 1100 1100 0010 . 1000 0010 1101 1000
. 0000 1100 11111111 11111110 1100 0010 . 1000 0010 1101 1000
. 0000 1100 11111111 11111110 1100 0010 . 1000 0010 1101 1000
. 0
c
F
F
F E
c
2
. 8
2
d
8
link-local address is FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
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R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::1 ?
link-local Use link-local address
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::1 link-local
 Unique on the link
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R1(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::1 link-local
 Used Router Number
for simplicity
R1# show ipv6 inter brief
FastEthernet0/0
[up/up]
FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1
FastEthernet0/1
[administratively down/down]
Serial0/0/0
[up/up]
FE80::1
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
Serial0/0/1
[up/up]
FE80::1
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1
R1#
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 R1: FE80::1
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35
R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::2 link-local
R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R2(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::2 link-local
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::3 link-local
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R3(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::3 link-local
R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::3 link-local
R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/1
R3(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::3 link-local
R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R4(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::4 link-local
R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R4(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::4 link-local
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R1# show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 8 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
U - Per-user Static route
C
2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
L
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
C
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
 Due to the nature of link-local
C
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
addresses, the specific
L
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1/128 [0/0]
FE80::/10 prefix (link local
via ::, Serial0/0/1
networks) does not appear in
L
FE80::/10 [0/0]
the routing table
via ::, Null0
L
FF00::/8 [0/0]
 L = Local not Link-local
via ::, Null0
R1#
R1# show ipv6 inter brief
<output omitted for brevity>
Serial0/0/0
[up/up]
FE80::1
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
Serial0/0/1
[up/up]
FE80::1
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1
37
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R1# ping fe80::2
Output Interface: ser 0/0/0
% Invalid interface. Use full interface name without spaces (e.g. Serial0/1)
Output Interface: serial 0/0/0
% Invalid interface. Use full interface name without spaces (e.g. Serial0/1)
Output Interface: serial0/0/0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FE80::2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of FE80::1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
R1#
 So it is necessary to specify from which interface packets should be
sourced when you ping a link-local address:
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R2# show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 8 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
U - Per-user Static route
I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary
O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
C
2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [0/0]
 Connected routes occur for
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
any interface IPv6 unicast
L
2340:1111:AAAA:102::1/128 [0/0]
address that has more than
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
link local scope
C
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
 The local routes are all /128
L
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2/128 [0/0]
routes and are essentially
via ::, Serial0/0/0
host routes for the router’s
C
2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64 [0/0]
IPv6 unicast address.
via ::, Serial0/0/1
 These local routes allow the
L
2340:1111:AAAA:A02::1/128 [0/0]
router to more efficiently
via ::, Serial0/0/1
process packets directed to
L
FE80::/10 [0/0]
the router itself rather than
via ::, Null0
for packet directed toward
L
FF00::/8 [0/0]
connected subnets.
via ::, Null0
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NS (Request for another node’s Link Layer Address)
2340:1111:AAAA::1/64
NA (Sent in
response to NS)
2340:1111:AAAA::/64
Link-local: fe80::50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1
Global Unicast: 2340:1111:aaaa:0:50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1
IPv6-Router# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1
!!!!!
*Mar 1 00:08:28.779: ICMPv6-ND: Sending NS for
2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 on FastEthernet0/0
*Mar 1 00:08:28.783: ICMPv6-ND: Received NA for
2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 on FastEthernet0/0 from
2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1
*Mar 1 00:08:28.787: ICMPv6-ND: Neighbor 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 on
FastEthernet0/0 : LLA 0021.9bd9.c644
IPv6-Router# un all
IPv6-Router# show ipv6 neighbors
IPv6 Address
2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1
FE80::50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1
2340:1111:AAAA:0:88C1:6A44:D6AF:1438
• Used debug ipv6 nd
Age
0
0
0
Link-layer Addr
0021.9bd9.c644
0021.9bd9.c644
0021.9bd9.c644
State
REACH
REACH
REACH
Interface
Fa0/0
Fa0/0
Fa0/0
 Replaces the IPv4 ARP table
 Uses NDP Neighbor Solicitation and
Neighbor Advertisement Messages
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Static Routes
Router(config)# ipv6 route ipv6-prefix/prefix-length {ipv6address | interface-type interface-number [ipv6-address]}
[administrative-distance] [administrative-multicast-distance |
unicast | multicast] [next-hop-address] [tag tag]
 Types of static routes (same as IPv4)
 A directly attached static route is created using only the interface-type and interface-number
parameters.
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:c00l::/32 serial 0/0/0
 A recursive static route is created using only the next-hop address parameter.
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:c00l::/32 2001:12::1
 A fully specified static route includes both the outgoing interface and the next hop address.
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2002:c00l::/32 fa 0/0 2001:12::1
 A floating static route
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:c00l::/32 ser 0/0/0 15
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Router(config)# ipv6 route ipv6-prefix/prefix-length {ipv6address | interface-type interface-number [ipv6-address]}
[administrative-distance] [administrative-multicast-distance |
unicast | multicast] [next-hop-address] [tag tag]
 IPv6 default static route, which is equivalent to IPv4 ip route
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
Router(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 serial 0/0/0
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R1(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64 ser 0/0/0
R1# show ipv6 route
<output omitted>
S
2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
C
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::1
R2# show ipv6 route
<output omitted>
S
2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [1/0]
via 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
R2# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
R2#
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R2(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::1
R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 fe80::1
% Interface has to be specified for a link-local nexthop
R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 ser 0/0/0 fe80::1
R2# show ipv6 route
S
2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [1/0]
via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0
R2# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
R2#
 Remember, due to the nature of link-local addresses, specific linklocal networks do not appear in the routing table because they are
considered to be available via all IPv6 interfaces.
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R1(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64 ser 0/0/0
R2(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 ser 0/0/0 fe80::1
 Before we move on to dynamic routing remove all static routes
 Verify that there are no static routes with show ipv6 route
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EIGRP for IPv6
EIGRP
IPv4
IPv6
Advertises routes for…
IPv4
IPv6
Layer 3 protocol for EIGRP messages
IPv4
IPv6
Layer 3 header protocol type
88
88
UDP Port
N/A
N/A
Uses Successor, Feasible Successor
yes
yes
Uses Dual
yes
yes
Supports VLSM
yes
yes
Can perform automatic summarization
yes
N/A
Uses triggered updates
yes
yes
Default metric bandwidth and delay
yes
yes
Multicast Update destination
224.0.0.10
FF02::10
Authentication
EIGRP-specific
IPv6 AH/ESP
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 Available in Cisco IOS Release 12.4(6)T and later
 EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6 are configured and managed separately
although many of the commands are similar.
 EIGRP for IPv6 is configured on a per-interface basis, no network
command is used.
 EIGRP for IPv6 has a shutdown feature which is the default state.
 EIGRP for IPv6 does not do automatic summarization like EIGRP for
IPv4.
 EIGRP for IPv6 sees the neighbors link-local address as the next-hop
IP address (neighbor table, topology table, routing table).
 EIGRP for IPv6 does not require neighbors to be in the same IPv6
subnet to become neighbors.
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 EIGRP Router ID decision steps based on IPv4 configuration:
1.
Use the configured value (using the eigrp router-id a.b.c.d
EIGRP subcommand under the ipv6 router eigrp command)
2.
Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up loopback interface
3.
Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up non-loopback interface
Note: In an IPv6 only environment the eigrp router-id command must
be used otherwise the router will not form any EIGRP adjacencies.
 IOS lets you stop and start the EIGRP process with the shutdown and
no shutdown router mode subcommands.
 After initial configuration, the EIGRP for IPv6 process starts in shutdown
mode,
 To start the EIGRP process it is required to issue the no shutdown
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R1(config)# inter fa 0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
 EIGRP for IPv6 is configured on the interfaces.
 There are no network commands
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R1# show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 8 entries
<output omitted>
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
C
2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
L
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
C
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
C
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
L
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
L
FE80::/10 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
L
FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
 There are no EIGRP IPv6 routes in the routing table... yet.
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R1# show ipv6 protocols
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100"
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Interfaces:
Redistribution:
None
Maximum path: 16
Distance: internal 90 external 170
R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighbors
IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
% EIGRP 100 is in SHUTDOWN
R1#
 There is an EIGRP 100 for IPv6 process but the interfaces are not yet
enabled for EIGRP IPv6 because the process is shutdown.
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R1(config)# inter fa 0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
<The commands above were already completed>
R1(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100
R1(config-rtr)# router-id ?
A.B.C.D EIGRP Router-ID in IP address format
R1(config-rtr)# router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-rtr)# no shutdown
 The EIGRP for IPv6 process must be enabled with the no shutdown command.
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R1# show ipv6 protocols
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100"
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Interfaces:
FastEthernet0/0
Serial0/0/0
Serial0/0/1
Redistribution:
None
Maximum path: 16
Distance: internal 90 external 170
R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighbors
IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
 The EIGRP for IPv6 process has been enabled but we don’t have any
neighbors... yet.
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R2(config)# inter fa 0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R2(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R2(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100
R2(config-rtr)# router-id 2.2.2.2
R2(config-rtr)# no shutdown
R2(config-rtr)# end
R2#
*Jun 19 22:37:40.668: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IPv6-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor FE80::1
(Serial0/0/0) is up: new adjacency
*Jun 19 22:37:41.248: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#
 Neighbor adjacencies begin for form...
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R3(config)# inter fa 0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R3(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/1
R3(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R3(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100
R3(config-rtr)# router-id 3.3.3.3
R3(config-rtr)# no shutdown
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R4(config)# inter fa 0/0
R4(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R4(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R4(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R4(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100
R4(config-rtr)# router-id 4.4.4.4
R4(config-rtr)# no shutdown
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R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighbors
IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H
Address
Interface
1
0
Link-local address:
FE80::3
Link-local address:
FE80::2
Se0/0/1
Se0/0/0
Hold Uptime
SRTT
(sec)
(ms)
12 00:05:18
40
11 00:08:35
31
RTO
Q Seq
Cnt Num
240 0 16
200
0
8
R1#
 Notice that EIGRP for IPv6 uses link-local addresses to exchange
EIGRP messages.
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R1# show ipv6 eigrp topology
IPv6-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(1.1.1.1)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 4444:0:0:4001::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2684416
via FE80::3 (2684416/2172416), Serial0/0/1
P 2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via FE80::3 (2172416/28160), Serial0/0/1
P 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial0/0/1
P 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2681856
via FE80::3 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/0/1
P 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2681856
via FE80::2 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/0/0
P 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via FE80::2 (2172416/28160), Serial0/0/0
P 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2681856
via FE80::3 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/0/1
P 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial0/0/0
 .
P 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64, 1 successors, FD is 28160
via Connected, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
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R1# show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 14 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
<output omitted>
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
C
2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
L
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
D
2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/2172416]
via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0
D
2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64 [90/2172416]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
<output omitted>
D
2340:1111:AAAA:B01::/64 [90/2681856]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
D
2340:1111:AAAA:B02::/64 [90/2681856]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
D
4444:0:0:4001::/64 [90/2684416]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
 Link-local address is next-hop address
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R1# ping 4444:0:0:4001::1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4444:0:0:4001::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/56/60 ms
R1#
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R4# show ipv6 eigrp neighbors
IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H
Address
Interface
1
0
Link-local address:
FE80::3
Link-local address:
FE80::3
Se0/0/1
Hold Uptime
SRTT
(sec)
(ms)
12 00:04:33
61
Se0/0/0
13 00:04:33 1058
RTO
Q Seq
Cnt Num
366 0 19
5000
0
18
R4#
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R4# show ipv6 route
D
2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [90/21026560]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0
D
2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/21026560]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0
D
2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64 [90/2172416]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0
D
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [90/21536000]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0
D
2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64 [90/21024000]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0
D
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [90/21024000]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0
<output omitted>
 All 2340:1111:AAAA networks are via R3
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R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 2340:1111:AAAA::/48
R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/1
R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 2340:1111:AAAA::/48
R3# show ipv6 route
D
2340:1111:AAAA::/48 [5/28160]
via ::, Null0
<output omitted>
 Summarize all 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 routes to R4
 Null0 route added for summary route
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R4# show ipv6 route
D
2340:1111:AAAA::/48 [90/2172416]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
C
2340:1111:AAAA:B01::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
<output omitted>
R4# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1
!!!!!
 Reduced routing table for R4
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Default
Static
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R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/0
R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/1
R4# show ipv6 route
S
2340:1111:AAAA::/48 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
via ::, Serial0/0/1
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 ::/0
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 ::/0
R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/0
R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/1
Propagate an EIGRP ::/0
summary route to R1 and
R2
Create the default static
route
R3# show ipv6 route
S
::/0 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/1/0
via ::, Serial0/1/1
<output omitted>
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R1# show ipv6 route
D
::/0 [90/2172416]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
C
2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
L
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
D
2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/2172416]
via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0
<output omitted>
R1# ping 4444::1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4444::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/56/56 ms
R1#
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OSPFv3
OSPF
OSPFv2 (IPv4)
OSPFv3 (IPv6)
Advertises routes for…
IPv4
IPv6
Layer 3 protocol
IPv4
IPv6
IP Protocol Type
Source IP address
89
89
IPv4 address
IPv6 link-local
Multicast – all SPF routers
224.0.0.5
FF02::5
Multicast – All Designated routers
224.0.0.6
FF02::6
Uses Link State logic
yes
yes
Supports VLSM
RID process, compared to OSPFv2
yes
yes
same
same
LSA flooding and aging compared to OSPFv2
same
same
Area structure compared to OSPFv2
same
same
Packet types
same
same
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OSPF
OSPFv2 (IPv4)
OSPFv3 (IPv6)
LSA flooding and aging compared to OSPFv2
same
same
RID
yes
yes
32-bit LSID
Cost metric, bandwidth
yes
yes
yes
yes
Supports route tags
yes
yes
DR/BDR election compared to OSPFv2
Periodic re-flooding every…
yes
yes
30 minutes
30 minutes
Authentication
Neighbor checks compared to OSPFv2
OSPF-specific
IPv6 AH/ESP
same
no "same
subnet" check
Multiple instances per interface
no
yes
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 OSPFv3 is OSPF for IPv6 (RFC 2740):
 Based on OSPFv2, with enhancements
 Same mechanisms as IPv4, but a major rewrite of the internals of the protocol
 Distributes IPv6 prefixes
 Runs directly over IPv6
 OSPFv3 & v2 can be run concurrently, because each address family has a
separate SPF (ships in the night).
 OSPFv3 uses the same basic packet types as OSPFv2:
 Hello
 Database description blocks (DDB)
 Link state request (LSR)
 Link state update (LSU)
 Link state acknowledgement (ACK)
 Neighbor discovery and adjacency formation mechanism are identical.
 LSA flooding and aging mechanisms are identical.
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 OSPFv3 Router ID decision steps based on OSPFv2 configuration:
1.
Use the configured value (using the ospf router-id a.b.c.d
OSPF subcommand under the ipv6 router ospf command)
2.
Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up loopback interface
3.
Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up non-loopback interface
Note: In an IPv6 only environment the ospf router-id command must
be used otherwise the router will not form any OSPF adjacencies.
 The multicast addresses used by OSPFv3 are as follows:
 FF02::5— All SPF routers on the link-local scope; equivalent to 224.0.0.5 in OSPFv2.
 FF02::6— All designated routers (DRs) on the link-local scope; equivalent to 224.0.0.6
in OSPFv2.
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 Removed all EIGRP for IPv6
commands and IPv6 default
static routes
Default
Static
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R1(config)# inter fa 0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1
R1(config-rtr)# router-id 1.1.1.1
 Enable OSPF on the interface.
 Create the OSPF process (do not need to do no shutdown)
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R2(config)# inter fa 0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R2(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R2(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1
R2(config-rtr)# router-id 2.2.2.2
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R3(config)# inter fa 0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/0
R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/1
R3(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1
R3(config-rtr)# router-id 3.3.3.3
R3(config-rtr)# default-information originate
 Configure static default routes pointing to R4.
 Propagate default into OSPF domain (use always option if there is not a static
default configured).
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R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/0
R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/1
R4# show ipv6 route
S
2340:1111:AAAA::/48 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
via ::, Serial0/0/1
 Configure static routes on R4.
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R3# show ipv6 route
S
::/0 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/1/1
via ::, Serial0/1/0
O
2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [110/782]
via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0
O
2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [110/782]
via FE80::2, Serial0/0/1
O
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [110/845]
via FE80::2, Serial0/0/1
via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0
<output omitted>
 Static default route and OSPF routes.
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R1# show ipv6 route ospf
<output omitted>
O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
OE2 ::/0 [110/1], tag 1
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
O
2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [110/65]
via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0
O
2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64 [110/65]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
O
2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64 [110/128]
via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0
R1#
R1# ping 4444::1
!!!!!
R1#
 OSPF routes including default.
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R1# show ipv6 ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID
3.3.3.3
2.2.2.2
R1#
Pri
1
1
State
FULL/
FULL/
-
Dead Time
00:00:38
00:00:37
Interface ID
6
6
Interface
Serial0/0/1
Serial0/0/0
 Notice IPv4 Router-IDs.
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 Similar to OSPFv2
R1# show ipv6 ospf
Routing Process "ospfv3 1" with ID 1.1.1.1
SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs
Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs
LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
Number of external LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x007A8B
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 3
SPF algorithm executed 8 times
Number of LSA 11. Checksum Sum 0x06DDB0
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0
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 Link local address of router is shown.
 Used as source address for OSPFv3
packets.
R1# show ipv6 ospf inter ser 0/0/0
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Link Local Address FE80::1, Interface ID 6
Area 0, Process ID 1, Instance ID 0, Router ID 1.1.1.1
Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:02
Index 1/2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 2, maximum is 2
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
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Router(config)# interface Fa0/0
Router(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 51 stub
Stub and Totally Stubby (stub nosummary) areas configured on
the stub interface
Router(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1
Router(config-rtr)# area 0 range 2340:1111::/32
Summarizes area 0’s routes to
other areas as 2340:1111::/32
(ABR)
Router(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1
Router(config-rtr)# summary-prefix 2001:1111::/32
Summarizes external routes
being redistributed into OSPF
(ASBR)
 IPv4 CEF and dCEF are enabled by default. IPv6 CEF and dCEF are disabled by
default, but automatically enabled when you configure IPv6 routing.
 To enable IPv6 CEF, use the ipv6 cef command
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Resources
Questions?
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