January 10, 2013
Q-2 Pg.
Daily Goal: We will be able to explain the steps
of the rock cycle.
Homework: Sign permission slip
Science Starter:
1. What is the difference between a mineral
and a rock?
2. List one characteristic and one property of
minerals.
3. How are minerals formed?
Brainstorm!
• Take 2 minutes to write what you think the
answer is for each of these questions. (Make a
hypothesis if you don’t know.)
1. Do you think that rocks can dissolve?
2. What are some forces that may be able to
break down rocks?
3. Once a rock is formed, does it stay a rock
forever?
Let’s test our hypotheses!
• You will be working with your table group to
determine how rain acts as a force of nature
to break down rocks.
• In this investigation, our vinegar will represent
rain water.
• The chalk will represent limestone (a type of
rock.)
– Vinegar is acidic. Rainwater is naturally acidic, but
less so than vinegar.
– Chalk is made of carbonate minerals, and so is
limestone rock.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esSgtOJQf70
Prepare to Experiment
• Take 5 minutes to read over the materials and
procedures with your group and to write
down a hypothesis.
– REMEMBER to have an independent variable and
a dependent variable (“We think…because…”).
The
Rock
Cycle
Let’s Start Today With a Little Story…
Once upon a time, there was this volcano who
had hot magma churning deep inside. It was
making him sick, and so he threw up.
I don’t feel so
hot. I think I
need to vom.
As chunks of lava flew out, they cooled and
hardened. New rocks were born! One was
named Iggy.
As Iggy rolled down the mountain, little bits of
him started to come off. These little bits were
called sediments, and the little bits were
carried off by wind, water and other natural
forces.
“Oh no!” thought Iggy, “I will never see those
parts of me again!” And he was sad.
Little did Iggy know that the parts of him that
had broken off of him would enjoy a cool
journey. After being carried by wind and
water, they ended up in piles. After many
layers of piles, pressure built up and water
began to cement the sediments together into
sedimentary rock.
Some of the sedimentary rock at the very
bottom began to get squished by the pressure
from all the rock on top of it. As it got pushed
down further, it heated up and began to bake!
The rocks baked so much that they became
new rock called metamorphic rock.
Is it hot in
here? I think I
am going to
bake!!
Some of the rock got so hot that it even
melted back into magma and traveled back to
the mantle. By this time, Iggy had also
melted. When Iggy saw that all of him had
melted and was now back together, he was
very excited. He just hoped the volcano
wouldn’t get sick again. THE END.
Okay, fine. Miss Petersen is not a great
story-teller.
• But this is basically how the rock cycle takes
place!! Today, we will talk more about each
step of the process!
You Will Be Taking Your Own Notes
Today
• Be sure to listen so you know
the important parts you should
have down!
• Here is an example of what
your notes might look like by
the end.
What is the Rock Cycle?
• The process where the 3 types of rocks can
change and become new rock
Step 1: Volcanoes erupt and lava cools and
hardens into igneous rock.
Step 2: Weathering and Erosion
• Over long periods
of time, large rocks
are worn down to
small particles
called sediments
(sand, pebbles, etc).
• Water, wind and ice
can break rocks
down.
Step 3: Transportation
• Eroded rock particles are carried away by wind
or by rain, streams, rivers, and oceans.
Step 4: Deposition
• As rivers get deeper or
flow into the ocean,
their current slows
down, and the rock
particles (mixed with
soil) sink and become a
layer of sediment. Often
the sediment builds up
faster than it can be
washed away, creating
little islands and forcing
the river to break up
into many channels in a
delta. The Mississippi
delta in Louisiana
deposits lots of
sediment in the Gulf of
Mexico!
Step 5: Compaction and Cementation
• The layers of
sediments stack
up.
• Dissolved minerals
fill in the gaps
between the
sediments and
then get solid like
cement.
• After years, the
sediments turn
into sedimentary
rock!
Step 6: Metamorphism
• Over really long periods of time, sedimentary or
igneous rocks can get buried deep in the ground.
• Heat and pressure can “bake” the rocks into new
rocks called metamorphic rocks.
Step 7: Rock Melting
• Eventually, metamorphic rocks undergo
enough heat that they melt and become
magma again.
Which step shows what we did in our
experiment?
Weathering and erosion!
Walk me through it in your own
words.
Fig. 2.9
MAGMA
IGNEOUS
Crystallization
MAGMA
28
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Crystallization
MAGMA
29
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Crystallization
MAGMA
30
Weathering
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Crystallization
Uplift
MAGMA
31
Weathering
SEDIMENT
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Crystallization
Uplift
MAGMA
32
Weathering
SEDIMENT
Erosion
Transport
Deposition
Volcanic
SEDIMENTARY
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Crystallization
Uplift
MAGMA
33
Weathering
SEDIMENT
Erosion
Transport
Deposition
Volcanic
SEDIMENTARY
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Crystallization
Uplift
MAGMA
34
Weathering
SEDIMENT
Erosion
Transport
Deposition
Volcanic
SEDIMENTARY
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Increased P&T
METAMORPHIC
Crystallization
Burial
Uplift
MAGMA
35
Weathering
SEDIMENT
Erosion
Transport
Volcanic
Can you see
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Deposition
SEDIMENTARY
any shortcuts?
Increased P&T
METAMORPHIC
Crystallization
Melting
Burial
Uplift
MAGMA
36
Weathering
SEDIMENT
Erosion
Transport
Deposition
Volcanic
SEDIMENTARY
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Increased P&T
METAMORPHIC
Crystallization
Melting
Burial
Uplift
MAGMA
37
Basics of Geology: All About Rocks and Minerals