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http://www.chemistryexplained.com/images/chf
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Chemical Reaction- When substances change chemically to form a new substance.
1. Forms new bonds between atoms.
2. Make new substances
3. Example2 hydrogen atoms (gas) +1 oxygen atom (gas) react to form 1 water molecule (h20)
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What happens in a reaction?
1. Reactants react to create a product.
Reactants- the materials that exist before the chemical reaction
Products- Substances that are created by the chemical reaction
2. In a reaction atoms are arranged and no new atoms are created.
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Electrons are the atoms that are effected by the chemical reaction.
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Law of Conservation of mass is a relation saying that during the reaction the mass is neither
created or destroyed.
How do you know a reaction occurred?
1. A gas is produced
3. Chemical starts to
bubble.
All pictures from
2. The chemical
changes color.
4. The temperature of the
chemical changes from
before.
http://www.harpercollege.edu/tmps/chm/100/dgodambe/thedisk/chemrxn/signs4.ht
m
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Energy is needed to break chemical
bonds so they can start a chemical
reaction. Energy is released when
bonds form.
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Chemical Energy- energy that is
stored in atoms and molecules.
Chemical energy can be released
during a reaction.
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Endothermic- Photosynthesis is an
example of an endothermic reaction.
Plants use the energy to form the sun to
convert carbon dioxide and water into
the glucose and oxygen.
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Exothermic- Mixture of sodium and
chlorine to yield table salt. This reaction
produces 411 (kj) of energy for each
mole of salt that is produced.
Image1:http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Cla
ss/energy/u5l1b.html
Image2:http://www.chemgapedia.de/vsengine/media/v
sc/en/ch/12/oc/substitution/sn_2/aktivierungsenergie_s
n2/tempkurven.gif
Potential Energy is stored energy of
position of an object.
Activation Energy is usually when
the chemical reaction result as a
collusion between reacting
particles.
Exothermic processes
Endothermic processes
Making ice cubes
Formation of snow in clouds
Condensation of rain from water vapor
A candle flame
Melting ice cubes
Conversion of frost to water vapor
Evaporation of water
Forming a cation from an atom in the gas
phase
Baking bread
Cooking an egg
Producing sugar by photosynthesis
Separating ion pairs
Splitting a gas molecule apart
Mixing water and ammonium nitrate
Making an anrous salt from a hydrate
Melting solid salts
Reaction of barium hydroxide crystals with
dry ammonium chloride
Reaction of thionyl chloride (SOCl2) with
cobalt(II) sulfate heptahydrate
Mixing sodium sulfite and bleach
Rusting iron
Burning sugar
Forming ion pairs
Combining atoms to make a gas phase
Mixing water and strong acids
Mixing water with an anhydrous salt
Crystallizing liquid salts
Nuclear fission
Mixing water with calcium chloride
Exothermic Reactions- Reactions that releases energy and the temperature gets hotter.
Endothermic Reactions- Reactions that absorbs energy and the temperature gets colder.
This graph is showing the differences between exothermic & endothermic processes. These experiments
above can be tested. An exothermic reaction watch how the temperature of the process increases and
during endothermic watch how the temperature drops.
http://www.
citycollegiat
e.com/chap
ter2a.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reaction
Synthesis Reaction- a combo of two
substances and a compound result.
Decomposition Reaction- when a
compound is broken down into a easier
substance.
Single Replacement-A metal replaces a
metal or a non-metal replaces a nonmetal.
Double Replacement- a metal always
replaces a metal & a non-metal always
replaces a non-metal.
Combustion Reaction- always includes
oxygen. Anytime it burns it is a
combustion reaction.
http://www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/dmencer/combustion/combust_app.gif